Moksha-Marg Prakashak-Hindi (itrans transliteration). Chautha Adhyay.

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 63
pudgalaparAvartan mAtra hai aur pudgalaparAvartanakA kAl aisA hai jisake anantave.n bhAgame.n bhI ananta
sAgar hote hai.n. isalie is sa.nsArIke mukhyataH ekendriy paryAyame.n hI kAl vyatIt hotA hai.
vahA.N ekendriyake j~nAn-darshanakI shakti to ki.nchitmAtra hI rahatI hai. ek sparshan indriyake
nimittase huA matij~nAn aur usake nimittase huA shrutaj~nAn tathA sparshan indriyajanit
achakShudarshan — jinake dvArA shIt-uShNAdikako ki.nchit jAnate-dekhate hai.n. j~nAnAvaraN-darshanAvaraNake
tIvra udayase isase adhik j~nAn-darshan nahI.n pAye jAte aur viShayo.nkI ichChA pAyI jAtI hai
jisase mahA duHkhI hai.n. tathA darshanamohake udayase mithyAdarshan hotA hai usase paryAyakA hI
apanerUp shraddhAn karate hai.n, anya vichAr karanekI shakti hI nahI.n hai.
tathA chAritramohake udayase tIvra krodhAdik-kaShAyarUp pariNamit hote hai.n; kyo.nki unake
kevalIbhagavAnane kR^iShNa, nIl, kApot yah tIn ashubh leshyA hI kahI hai.n aur ve tIvra kaShAy
hone par hI hotI hai.n. vahA.N kaShAy to bahut hai aur shakti sarva prakArase mahA hIn hai,
isalie bahut duHkhI ho rahe hai.n, kuCh upAy nahI.n kar sakate.
yahA.N koI kahe ki — j~nAn to ki.nchitmAtra hI rahA hai, phi ra ve kyA kaShAy karate hai.n?
samAdhAnaH — aisA koI niyam to hai nahI.n ki jitanA j~nAn ho utanI hI kaShAy ho.
j~nAn to jitanA kShayopasham ho utanA hotA hai. jaise kisI a.ndhe-bahare puruShako j~nAn tho.DA
hone par bhI bahut kaShAy hotI dikhAI detI hai, usI prakAr ekendriyake j~nAn tho.DA hone
par bhI bahut kaShAy honA mAnA gayA hai.
tathA bAhya kaShAy pragaT tab hotI hai, jab kaShAyake anusAr kuCh upAy kare, parantu
ve shaktihIn hai.n, isaliye upAy kuCh kar nahI.n sakate, isase unakI kaShAy pragaT nahI.n hotI.
jaise koI puruSh shaktihIn hai, usako kisI kAraNase tIvra kaShAy ho, parantu kuCh kar nahI.n
sakatA, isaliye usakI kaShAy bAhyame.n pragaT nahI.n hotI, vah ati duHkhI hotA hai; usI prakAr
ekendriy jIv shaktihIn hai.n; unako kisI kAraNase kaShAy hotI hai, parantu kuCh kar nahI.n
sakate, isaliye unakI kaShAy bAhyame.n pragaT nahI.n hotI, ve svaya.n hI duHkhI hote hai.n.
tathA aisA jAnanA ki jahA.N kaShAy bahut ho aur shakti hIn ho vahA.N bahut duHkh
hotA hai aur jyo.n jyo.n kaShAy kam hotI jAye tathA shakti ba.DhtI jAye tyo.n-tyo.n duHkh kam
hotA hai. parantu ekendriyo.nke kaShAy bahut aur shakti hIn, isaliye ekendriy jIv mahA
duHkhI hai.n. unake duHkh ve hI bhogate hai.n aur kevalI jAnate hai.n. jaise — sannipAt ke rogIkA
j~nAn kam ho jAye aur bAhya shaktikI hInatAse apanA duHkh pragaT bhI na kar sake, parantu

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64 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
vah mahA duHkhI hai. usI prakAr ekendriyakA j~nAn to tho.DA hai aur bAhya shaktihInatAke
kAraN apanA duHkh pragaT bhI nahI.n kar sakatA, parantu mahA duHkhI hai.
tathA a.ntarAyake tIvra udayase chAhA huA bahut nahI.n hotA, isalie bhI duHkhI hI
hote hai.n.
tathA aghAti karmo.nme.n visheSharUpase pApaprakR^itiyo.nkA uday hai; vahA.N asAtAvedanIyakA uday
hone par usake nimittase mahA duHkhI hote hai.n. vanaspati hai so pavanase TUTatI hai, shIt-uShNatAse
sUkh jAtI hai, jal na milanese sUkh jAtI hai, agnise jal jAtI hai; usako koI ChedatA
hai, bhedatA hai, masalatA hai, khAtA hai, to.DtA hai — ityAdi avasthA hotI hai. usI prakAr
yathAsambhav pR^ithvI Adime.n avasthAe.N hotI hai.n. un avasthAo.nke honese ve mahA duHkhI hote
hai.n.
jis prakAr manuShyake sharIrame.n aisI avasthA hone par duHkh hotA hai usI prakAr unake
hotA hai. kyo.nki inakA jAnapanA sparshan indriyase hotA hai aur unake sparshan indriy hai
hI, usake dvArA unhe.n jAnakar mohake vashase mahA vyAkul hote hai.n; parantu bhAganekI, la.DnekI
yA pukAranekI shakti nahI.n hai, isaliye aj~nAnI log unake duHkhako nahI.n jAnate. tathA kadAchit
ki.nchit sAtAkA uday hotA hai, parantu vah balavAn nahI.n hotA.
tathA Ayukarmase in ekendriy jIvo.nme.n jo aparyApta hai.n unake to paryAyakI sthiti
uchChvAsake aThArahave.n bhAg mAtra hI hai, aur paryApto.nkI a.ntarmUhUrta Adi kitane hI varSha paryanta
hai. vahA.N Ayu tho.DA honese janma-maraN hote hI rahate hai.n usase duHkhI hai.n.
tathA nAmakarmame.n tirya.nchagati Adi pApaprakR^itiyo.nkA hI uday visheSharUpase pAyA jAtA hai.
kisI hIn puNyaprakR^itikA uday ho usakA balavAnapanA nahI.n hotA, isaliye unase bhI mohake
vashase duHkhI hote hai.n.
tathA gotrakarmame.n nIch gotrahIkA uday hai, isaliye maha.ntatA nahI.n hotI, isaliye bhI
duHkhI hI hai.n.
isaprakAr ekendriy jIv mahA duHkhI hai.n aur is sa.nsArame.n jaise pAShAN AdhAr par
to bahut kAl rahatA hai, nirAdhAr AkAshame.n to kadAchit ki.nchitmAtra kAl rahatA hai; usIprakAr
jIv ekendriy paryAyame.n bahut kAl rahatA hai, anya paryAyo.nme.n to kadAchit ki.nchitmAtra kAl
rahatA hai; isaliye yah jIv sa.nsArame.n mahA duHkhI hai.

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 65
vikalatray va asa.nj~nI pa.nchendriy jIvo.nke duHkh
tathA jIv dvIndriy, trIndriy, chaturindriy, asa.nj~nI pa.nchendriy paryAyo.nko dhAraN kare vahA.N
bhI ekendriyavat duHkh jAnanA. visheSh itanA ki — yahA.N kramase ek-ek indriyajanit j~nAn-
darshanakI tathA kuCh shaktikI adhikatA huI hai aur bolane-chAlanekI shakti huI hai. vahA.N bhI
jo aparyApta hai.n tathA paryApta bhI hInashaktike dhArak hai.n; ChoTe jIv hai.n, unakI shakti pragaT
nahI.n hotI. tathA kitane hI paryApta bahut shaktike dhArak ba.De jIv hai.n unakI shakti pragaT
hotI hai; isaliye ve jIv viShayo.nkA upAy karate hai.n, duHkh dUr honekA upAy karate hai.n.
krodhAdikase kATanA, mAranA, la.DnA, Chal karanA, annAdikA sa.ngrah karanA, bhAganA ityAdi kArya
karate hai.n; duHkhase ta.Dph .DAnA, pukAranA ityAdi kriyA karate hai.n; isaliye unakA duHkh kuCh pragaT
bhI hotA hai. is prakAr laT, kI.DI Adi jIvo.nko shIt, uShNa, Chedan, bhedanAdikase tathA
bhUkh-pyAs Adise param duHkhI dekhate hai.n. jo pratyakSha dikhAI detA hai usakA vichAr kar
lenA. yahA.N visheSh kyA likhe.n?
is prakAr dvIndriyAdik jIvo.nko bhI mahA duHkhI hI jAnanA.
sa.nj~nI pa.nchendriy jIvo.nke duHkh
narak gatike duHkh
tathA sa.nj~nI pa.nchendriyo.nme.n nArakI jIv hai.n ve to sarva prakArase bahut duHkhI hai.n. uname.n
j~nAnAdikI shakti kuCh hai, parantu viShayo.nkI ichChA bahut hai aur iShTa viShayo.nkI sAmagrI ki.nchit
bhI nahI.n milatI, isalie us shaktike honese bhI bahut duHkhI hai.n. unake krodhAdi kaShAyakI
ati tIvratA pAyI jAtI hai; kyo.nki unake kR^iShNAdi ashubh leshyA hI hai.n.
vahA.N krodh – mAnase paraspar duHkh denekA kArya nirantar pAyA jAtA hai. yadi paraspar
mitratA kare.n to duHkh miT jAye. aur anyako duHkh denese unakA kuCh kArya bhI nahI.n hotA,
parantu krodh – mAnakI ati tIvratA pAyI jAtI hai usase paraspar duHkh denekI hI buddhi rahatI
hai. vikriyA dvArA anyako duHkhadAyak sharIrake a.ng banAte hai.n tathA shastrAdi banAte hai.n.
unake dvArA dUsaro.nko svaya.n pI.DA dete hai.n aur svaya.nko koI aur pI.DA detA hai. kabhI kaShAy
upashAnta nahI.n hotI. tathA uname.n mAyA – lobhakI bhI ati tIvratA hai, parantu koI iShTa sAmagrI
vahA.N dikhAI nahI.n detI, isaliye un kaShAyo.nkA kArya pragaT nahI.n kar sakate; unase a.ntara.ngame.n
mahA-duHkhI hai.n. tathA kadAchit ki.nchit koI prayojan pAkar unakA bhI kArya hotA hai.
tathA hAsya-rati kaShAy hai.n, parantu bAhya nimitta nahI.n hai.n, isaliye pragaT hote nahI.n hai.n,

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66 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
kadAchit ki.nchit kisI kAraNase hote hai.n. tathA arati-shok-bhay-jugupsAke bAhya kAraN ban
rahe hai.n, isaliye ve kaShAye.n tIvra pragaT hotI hai.n. tathA vedo.nme.n napu.nsakaved hai, so ichChA to
bahut aur strI-puruSho.nse ramaN karanekA nimitta nahI.n hai, isaliye mahA pI.Dit hai.n.
is prakAr kaShAyo.n dvArA ati duHkhI hai.n.
tathA vedanIyame.n asAtA hI kA uday hai usase vahA.N anek vedanAo.nke nimitta hai.n, sharIrame.n
kuShTha, kAs, shvAsAdi anek rog yugapat pAye jAte hai.n aur kShudhA, tR^iShA aisI hai ki sarvakA
bhakShaN-pAn karanA chAhate hai.n, aur vahA.NkI miTTIkA hI bhojan milatA hai, vah miTTI bhI aisI
hai ki yadi yahA.N A jAye to usakI durgandhase kaI koso.nke manuShya mar jAye.n. aur vahA.N shIt,
uShNatA aisI hai ki yadi lAkh yojanakA lohekA golA ho to vah bhI unase bhasma ho jAye.
kahI.n shIt hai kahI.n uShNatA hai. tathA pR^ithvI vahA.N shastro.nse bhI mahAtIkShNa ka.nTako.n sahit hai.
us pR^ithvIme.n jo van hai.n ve shastrakI dhAr samAn patrAdi sahit hai.n. nadI aise jal yukta hai ki
jisakA sparsha hone par sharIr khaNDa-khaNDa ho jAye. pavan aisA prachaNDa hai ki usase sharIr
dagdha ho jAtA hai. tathA nArakI ek-dUsareko anek prakArase pI.DA dete hai.n, ghAnIme.n pelate hai.n,
khaNDa-khaNDa kar DAlate hai.n, ha.nDiyo.nme.n rA.Ndhate hai.n, ko.De mArate hai.n, tapta lohAdikakA sparsha karAte
hai.n — ityAdi vedanA utpanna karate hai.n. tIsarI pR^ithvI tak asurakumAr dev jAte hai.n. ve svaya.n
pI.DA dete hai.n aur paraspar la.DAte hai.n. aisI vedanA hone par bhI sharIr ChUTatA nahI.n hai, pArekI
bhA.Nti khaNDa-khaNDa ho jAne par bhI mil jAtA hai. — aisI mahA pI.DA hai.
tathA sAtAkA nimitta to kuCh hai nahI.n. kisI a.nshame.n kadAchit kisIko apanI mAnyatAse
kisI kAraN-apekShA sAtAkA uday hotA hai to vah balavAn nahI.n hotA. Ayu vahA.N bahut hai.
jaghanya Ayu das hajAr varSha tathA utkR^iShTa Ayu tetIs sAgar hai. itane kAl tak vahA.N aise
duHkh sahane pa.Dte hai.n. vahA.N nAmakarmakI sarva pApaprakR^itiyo.nkA hI uday hai, ek bhI puNyaprakR^itikA
uday nahI.n hai; unase mahA duHkhI hai.n. tathA gotrame.n nIch gotrakA hI uday hai usase mahantatA
nahI.n hotI, isaliye duHkhI hI hai.n. — is prakAr narakagatime.n mahA duHkh jAnanA.
tirya.nch gatike duHkh
tathA tirya.nchagatime.n bahut labghi-aparyApta jIv hai.n. unakI to uchChvAsake aThArahave.n bhAg-
mAtra Ayu hai. tathA kitane hI paryApta bhI ChoTe jIv hai.n, parantu unakI shakti pragaT bhAsit
nahI.n hotI. unake duHkh ekendriyavat jAnanA; j~nAnAdikakA visheSh hai so visheSh jAnanA.
tathA ba.De paryApta jIv kitane hI sammUrchChan hai.n, kitane hI garbhaj hai.n. uname.n j~nAnAdik pragaT

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 67
hote hai.n, parantu ve viShayo.nkI ichChAse Akulit hai.n. uname.n bahuto.nko to iShTa-viShayakI prApti
hai nahI.n; kisIko kadAchit ki.nchit hotI hai.
tathA mithyAtvabhAvase atattvashraddhAnI ho hI rahe hai.n aur kaShAy mukhyataH tIvra hI pAyI
jAtI hai.n. krodh – mAnase paraspar la.Dte hai.n, bhakShaN karate hai.n, duHkh dete hai.n; mAyA – lobhase Chal
karate hai.n, vastuko chAhate hai.n; hAsyAdik dvArA un kaShAyo.nke kAryo.nme.n pravartate hai.n. tathA kisIke
kadAchit ma.ndakaShAy hotI hai, parantu tho.De jIvo.nke hotI hai, isaliye mukhyatA nahI.n hai.
tathA vedanIyame.n mukhyataH asAtAkA uday hai. usase rog, pI.DA, kShudhA, tR^iShA, Chedan,
bhedan, bahut bhAr-vahan, shIt, uShNa, a.ng-bha.ngAdi avasthA hotI hai. usase duHkhI hote pratyakSha
dekhe jAte hai.n, isalie bahut nahI.n kahA hai. kisIke kadAchit ki.nchit sAtAkA bhI uday
hotA hai, parantu tho.De hI jIvo.nko hai, mukhyatayA nahI.n hai. tathA Ayu antarmuhUrtase lekar koTi
varSha paryanta hai. vahA.N bahut jIv alpa Ayuke dhArak hote hai.n, isaliye janma-maraNakA duHkh
pAte hai.n. tathA bhogabhUmiyo.nkI ba.DI Ayu hai aur unake sAtAkA bhI uday hai, parantu ve
jIv tho.De hai.n. tathA mukhyataH to nAmakarmakI tirya.nchagati Adi pApaprakR^itiyo.nkA hI uday hai.
kisIko kadAchit kinhI.n puNyaprakR^itiyo.nkA bhI uday hotA hai, parantu tho.De jIvo.nko tho.DA hotA
hai, mukhyatA nahI.n hai. tathA gotrame.n nIch gotrakA hI uday hai, isaliye hIn ho rahe hai.n. —
is prakAr tirya.nch gatime.n mahA duHkh jAnanA.
manuShya gatike duHkh
tathA manuShyagatime.n asa.nkhyAt jIv to labdhi-aparyApta hai.n ve sammUrchChan hI hai.n, unakI
Ayu to uchChvAsake aThArahave.n bhAg mAtra hai. tathA kitane hI jIv garbhame.n Akar tho.De hI
kAlame.n maraN pAte hai.n, unakI to shakti pragaT bhAsit nahI.n hotI; unake duHkh ekendriyavat
jAnanA. visheSh hai so visheSh jAnanA.
tathA garbhajo.nke kuCh kAl garbhame.n rahaneke bAd bAhar nikalanA hotA hai. unake duHkhakA
varNan karma-apekShAse pahale varNan kiyA hai vaise jAnanA. vah sarva varNan garbhaj manuShyo.nke sambhav
hai. athavA tirya.ncho.nkA varNan kiyA hai us prakAr jAnanA.
visheSh yah hai ki — yahA.N koI shakti visheSh pAyI jAtI hai tathA rAjAdiko.nke visheSh
sAtAkA uday hotA hai tathA kShatriyAdiko.nko uchcha gotrakA bhI uday hotA hai. tathA dhan-
kuTumbAdikakA nimitta visheSh pAyA jAtA hai — ityAdi visheSh jAnanA.

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68 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
athavA garbha Adi avasthAo.nke duHkh pratyakSha bhAsit hote hai.n. jis prakAr viShTAme.n
laT utpanna hotI hai usI prakAr garbhame.n shukra-shoNitake binduko apane sharIrarUp karake jIv
utpanna hotA hai. bAdame.n vahA.N kramashaH j~nAnAdikakI tathA sharIrakI vR^iddhi hotI hai. garbhakA duHkh
bahut hai. sa.nkuchit rUpase au.ndhe mu.Nh kShudhA-tR^iShAdi sahit vahA.N kAl pUrNa karatA hai. jab
bAhar nikalatA hai tab bAlyAvasthAme.n mahA duHkh hotA hai. koI kahate hai.n ki bAlyAvasthAme.n
duHkh tho.DA hai; so aisA nahI.n hai, kintu shakti tho.DI honese vyakta nahI.n ho sakatA. bAdame.n
vyApArAdik tathA viShay-ichChA Adi duHkho.nkI pragaTatA hotI hai. iShTa-aniShTa janit AkulatA
banI hI rahatI hai. pashchAt jab vR^iddha ho tab shaktihIn ho jAtA hai aur tab param duHkhI
hotA hai. ye duHkh pratyakSha hote dekhe jAte hai.n.
ham bahut kyA kahe.n? pratyakSha jise bhAsit nahI.n hote vah kahe hue kaise sunegA? kisIke
kadAchit ki.nchit sAtAkA uday hotA hai so AkulatAmay hai. aur tIrtha.nkarAdi pad mokShamArga
prApta kiye binA hote nahI.n hai.n. — is prakAr manuShya paryAyame.n duHkh hI hai.n.
ek manuShya paryAyame.n koI apanA bhalA honekA upAy kare to ho sakatA hai. jaise —
kAne gannekI ja.D.h.h va usakA UparI phIkA bhAg to chUsane yogya hI nahI.n hai, aur bIchakI
pore.n kAnI honese ve bhI nahI.n chUsI jAtI.n; koI svAdakA lobhI unhe.n bigA.De to bigA.Do;
parantu yadi unhe.n bo de to unase bahutase ganne ho.n, aur unakA svAd bahut mIThA Aye.
usI prakAr manuShya-paryAyakA bAlak-vR^iddhapanA to sukhayogya nahI.n hai, aur bIchakI avasthA rog-
kleshAdise yukta hai, vahA.N sukh ho nahI.n sakatA; koI viShayasukhakA lobhI use bigA.De to bigA.Do;
parantu yadi use dharma sAdhaname.n lagAye to bahut uchchapadako pAye, vahA.N sukh bahut nirAkul
pAyA jAtA hai. isaliye yahA.N apanA hit sAdhanA, sukh honeke bhramase vR^ithA nahI.n khonA.
dev gatike duHkh
tathA dev paryAyame.n j~nAnAdikakI shakti auro.nse kuCh visheSh hai; ve mithyAtvase
atattvashraddhAnI ho rahe hai.n. tathA unake kaShAy kuCh ma.nd hai.n. bhavanavAsI, vya.ntar, jyotiShko.nke
kaShAy bahut ma.nd nahI.n hai.n aur unakA upayog cha.nchal bahut hai tathA kuCh shakti bhI hai so
kaShAyo.nke kAryo.nme.n pravartate hai.n; kautUhal, viShayAdi kAryo.nme.n lag rahe hai.n aur us AkulatAse
duHkhI hI hai.n. tathA vaimAniko.nke Upar-Upar visheSh mandakaShAy hai aur shakti visheSh hai, isaliye
AkulatA ghaTanese duHkh bhI ghaTatA hai.
yahA.N devo.nke krodh – mAn kaShAy hai.n, parantu kAraN tho.DA hai, isaliye unake kAryakI

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 69
gauNatA hai. kisIkA burA karanA tathA kisIko hIn karanA ityAdi kArya nikR^iShTa
devo.nke to kautUhalAdise hote hai.n, parantu utkR^iShTa devo.nke tho.De hote hai.n, mukhyatA nahI.n hai; tathA
mAyA – lobh kaShAyo.nke kAraN pAye jAte hai.n isaliye unake kAryakI mukhyatA hai; isaliye Chal
karanA, viShay-sAmagrIkI chAh karanA ityAdi kArya visheSh hote hai.n. ve bhI U.Nche-U.Nche devo.nke
kam hai.n.
tathA hAsya, rati kaShAyake kAraN bahut pAye jAte hai.n, isalie inake kAryo.nkI mukhyatA
hai. tathA arati, shok, bhay, jugupsA inake kAraN tho.De hai.n, isaliye inake kAryo.nkI gauNatA
hai. tathA strIved, puruShavedakA uday hai aur ramaN karanekA bhI nimitta hai so kAm-sevan
karate hai.n. ye bhI kaShAy Upar-Upar manda hai.n. ahamindro.nke vedo.nkI mandatAke kAraN kAm-
sevanakA abhAv hai.
is prakAr devo.nke kaShAyabhAv hai aur kaShAyase hI duHkh hai.
tathA inake kaShAye.n jitanI tho.DI hai.n utanA duHkh bhI tho.DA hai, isaliye auro.nkI apekShA
inhe.n sukhI kahate hai.n. paramArthase kaShAyabhAv jIvit hai usase duHkhI hI hai.n.
tathA vedanIyame.n sAtAkA uday bahut hai. vahA.N bhavanatrikako tho.DA hai, vaimAniko.nke Upar-
Upar visheSh hai. iShTa sharIrakI avasthA, strI, mahal Adi sAmagrIkA sa.nyog pAyA jAtA hai.
tathA kadAchit ki.nchit asAtAkA bhI uday kisI kAraNase hotA hai. vah nikR^iShTa devo.nke kuCh
pragaT bhI hai, parantu utkR^iShTa devo.nke visheSh pragaT nahI.n hai. tathA Ayu ba.DI hai. jaghanya Ayu
das hajAr varSha aur utkR^iShTa ikatIs sAgar hai. isase adhik AyukA dhArI mokShamArga prApta
kie binA nahI.n hotA. so itane kAl tak viShay-sukhame.n magna rahate hai.n. tathA nAmakarmakI
devagati Adi sarva puNyaprakR^itiyo.nkA hI uday hai, isaliye sukhakA kAraN hai. aur gotrame.n
uchcha gotrakA hI uday hai, isaliye mahanta padako prApta hai.n.
is prakAr inako puNya-udayakI visheShatAse iShTa sAmagrI milI hai aur kaShAyo.nse ichChA
pAyI jAtI hai, isaliye usake bhoganeme.n Asakta ho rahe hai.n, parantu ichChA adhik hI rahatI
hai, isaliye sukhI nahI.n hote. uchcha devo.nko utkR^iShTa puNya-uday hai, kaShAy bahut ma.nd hai; tathApi
unake bhI ichChAkA abhAv nahI.n hotA, isaliye paramArthase duHkhI hI hai.n.
is prakAr sa.nsArame.n sarvatra duHkh hI duHkh pAyA jAtA hai. — is prakAr paryAy- apekShAse
duHkhakA varNan kiyA.

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70 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
(ga) duHkhakA sAmAnya svarUp
ab is sarva duHkhakA sAmAnyasvarUp kahate hai.n. duHkhakA lakShaN AkulatA hai aur
AkulatA ichChA hone par hotI hai.
chAr prakArakI ichChAe.N
is sa.nsArI jIvake ichChA anek prakAr pAyI jAtI hai.nH —
(1) ek ichChA to viShay-grahaNakI hai, usase yah dekhanA-jAnanA chAhatA hai. jaise —
varNa dekhanekI, rAg sunanekI, avyaktako jAnanekI, ityAdi ichChA hotI hai. vahA.N anya koI
pI.DA nahI.n hai, parantu jab tak dekhatA-jAnatA nahI.n hai tab tak mahA vyAkul hotA hai. is
ichChA kA nAm viShay hai.
tathA (2) ek ichChA kaShAyabhAvo.nke anusAr kArya karanekI hai, jisase vah kArya karanA
chAhatA hai. jaise — burA karanekI, hIn karanekI ityAdi ichChA hotI hai. yahA.N bhI anya koI
pI.DA nahI.n hai, parantu jab tak kArya na ho tab tak mahA vyAkul hotA hai. is ichChAkA
nAm kaShAy hai.
tathA (3) ek ichChA pApake udayase jo sharIrame.n yA bAhya aniShTa kAraN milate hai.n
unako dUr karanekI hotI hai. jaise — rog, pI.DA, kShudhA AdikA sa.nyog hone par unhe.n dUr
karanekI ichChA hotI hai so yahA.N yahI pI.DA mAnatA hai, jab tak vah dUr na ho tab tak
mahA vyAkul rahatA hai. is ichChAkA nAm pApakA uday hai.
is prakAr in tIn prakArakI ichChA hone par sabhI duHkh mAnate hai.n so duHkh hI hai.
tathA (4) ek ichChA bAhya nimittase banatI hai; so in tIn prakArakI ichChAo.nke
anusAr pravartanekI ichChA hotI hai. in tIn prakArakI ichChAo.nme.n ek-ek prakArakI ichChAke
anek prakAr hai.n. vahA.N kitane hI prakArakI ichChA pUrNa honeke kAraN puNyodayase milate hai.n,
parantu unakA sAdhan ekasAth nahI.n ho sakatA; isaliye ekako Cho.Dkar anyame.n lagatA hai,
phi ra bhI use Cho.Dkar anyame.n lagatA hai. jaise — kisIko anek prakArakI sAmagrI milI hai.
vahA.N vah kisIko dekhatA hai, use Cho.Dkar rAg sunatA hai, phi ra use Cho.Dkar kisIkA burA
karane lag jAtA hai, use Cho.Dkar bhojan karatA hai; athavA dekhaneme.n hI ekako dekhakar anyako
dekhatA hai. — isI prakAr anek kAryo.nkI pravR^ittime.n ichChA hotI hai. so is ichChAkA nAm
puNyakA uday hai.

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 71
ise jagat sukh mAnatA hai, parantu yah sukh hai nahI.n, duHkh hI hai. kyo.nki — pratham
to sarva prakArakI ichChA pUrNa honeke kAraN kisIke bhI nahI.n banate aur kisI prakAr ichChA
pUrNa karaneke kAraN bane.n to yugapat unakA sAdhan nahI.n hotA. so ekakA sAdhan jab tak
na ho tab tak usakI AkulatA rahatI hai; aur usakA sAdhan hone par us hI samay anyake
sAdhanakI ichChA hotI hai tab usakI AkulatA hotI hai. ek samay bhI nirAkul nahI.n rahatA,
isaliye duHkh hI hai. athavA tIn prakArakI ichChArUpI rogako miTAnekA ki.nchit upAy karatA
hai, isaliye ki.nchit duHkh kam hotA hai, sarva duHkhakA to nAsh nahI.n hotA, isaliye duHkh
hI hai. — is prakAr sa.nsArI jIvo.nko sarva prakArase duHkh hI hai.
tathA yahA.N itanA jAnanA ki — tIn prakArakI ichChAse sarva jagat pI.Dit hai aur chauthI
ichChA to puNyakA uday Ane par hotI hai, tathA puNyakA ba.ndh dharmAnurAgase hotA hai; parantu
dharmAnurAgame.n jIv kam lagatA hai, jIv to bahut pAp-kriyAo.nme.n hI pravartatA hai. isaliye
chauthI ichChA kisI jIvake kisI kAlame.n hI hotI hai.
yahA.N itanA jAnanA ki — samAn ichChAvAn jIvo.nkI apekShA to chauthI ichChAvAleke ki.nchit
tIn prakArakI ichChAke ghaTanese sukh kahate hai.n. tathA chauthI ichChAvAlekI apekShA mahAn ichChAvAlA
chauthI ichChA hone par bhI duHkhI hotA hai. kisIke bahut vibhUti hai aur usake ichChA bahut
hai to bahut AkulatAvAn hai aur jisake tho.DI vibhUti hai tathA usake ichChA bhI tho.DI hai to
vah tho.DA AkulatAvAn hai. athavA kisIko aniShTa sAmagrI milI hai aur use usako dUr
karanekI ichChA tho.DI hai to vah tho.DA AkulatAvAn hai. tathA kisIko iShTa sAmagrI milI hai,
parantu use usako bhoganekI tathA anya sAmagrIkI ichChA bahut hai to vah jIv bahut AkulatAvAn
hai. isaliye sukhI-duHkhI honA ichChAke anusAr jAnanA, bAhya kAraNake AdhIn nahI.n hai.
nArakI duHkhI aur dev sukhI kahe jAte hai.n vah bhI ichChAkI hI apekShA kahate hai.n,
kyo.nki nArakiyo.nko tIvra kaShAyase ichChA bahut hai aur devo.nke mandakaShAyase ichChA tho.DI hai.
tathA manuShya, tirya.ncho.nko bhI sukhI-duHkhI, ichChA hI kI apekShA jAnanA. tIvra kaShAyase jisake
ichChA bahut hai use duHkhI kahate hai.n, manda kaShAyase jisake ichChA tho.DI hai use sukhI kahate
hai.n. paramArthase duHkh hI bahut yA tho.DA hai, sukh nahI.n hai. devAdiko.nko bhI sukhI mAnate
hai.n vah bhram hI hai. unake chauthI ichChAkI mukhyatA hai, isaliye Akulit hai.n.
is prakAr jo ichChA hotI hai vah mithyAtva, aj~nAn, asa.nyamase hotI hai. tathA ichChA
hai so AkulatAmay hai aur AkulatA hai vah duHkh hai. is prakAr sarva sa.nsArI jIv nAnA
duHkho.nse pI.Dit hI ho rahe hai.n.

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72 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
mokShasukh aur usakI prAptikA upAy
ab, jin jIvo.nko duHkhase ChUTanA ho ve ichChA dUr karanekA upAy karo. tathA ichChA
dUr tab hI hotI hai jab mithyAtva, aj~nAn, asa.nyamakA abhAv ho aur samyagdarshan-j~nAn-chAritrakI
prApti ho, isaliye isI kAryakA udyam karanA yogya hai. aisA sAdhan karane par jitanI-jitanI
ichChA miTe utanA-utanA duHkh dUr hotA jAtA hai aur jab mohake sarvathA abhAvase sarva ichChAkA
abhAv ho tab sarva duHkh miTatA hai, sachchA sukh pragaT hotA hai. tathA j~nAnAvaraN-darshanAvaraN
aur antarAyakA abhAv ho tab ichChAke kAraNabhUt kShAyopashamik j~nAn-darshanakA tathA
shaktihInapanekA bhI abhAv hotA hai, ananta j~nAn-darshan-vIryakI prApti hotI hai. tathA kitane
hI kAl pashchAt aghAtikarmo.nkA bhI abhAv ho tab ichChAke bAhya kAraNo.nkA bhI abhAv hotA
hai. kyo.nki moh chale jAneke bAd kisI bhI kAlame.n koI ichChA utpanna karaneme.n samartha nahI.n
the, mohake hone par kAraN the, isaliye kAraN kahe hai.n; unakA bhI abhAv huA tab jIv
siddhapadako prApta hote hai.n.
vahA.N duHkhakA tathA duHkhake kAraNo.nkA sarvathA abhAv honese sadAkAl anupam, akha.nDit,
sarvotkR^iShTa Ananda sahit anantakAl virAjamAn rahate hai.n. vahI batalAte hai.nH —
j~nAnAvaraN, darshanAvaraNakA kShayopasham hone par tathA uday hone par moh dvArA ek-
ek viShayako dekhane-jAnanekI ichChAse mahA vyAkul hotA thA; ab mohakA abhAv honese
ichChAkA bhI abhAv huA, isaliye duHkhakA abhAv huA hai. tathA j~nAnAvaraN, darshanAvaraNakA
kShay honese sarva indriyo.nko sarva viShayo.nkA yugapat grahaN huA, isaliye duHkhakA kAraN bhI
dUr huA hai vahI dikhAte hai.n. jaise — netra dvArA ek-ek viShayako dekhanA chAhatA thA, ab
trikAlavartI trilokake sarva varNo.nko yugapat dekhatA hai, koI binA dekhA nahI.n rahA jisake dekhane
kI ichChA utpanna ho. isI prakAr sparshanAdi dvArA ek-ek viShayakA grahaN karanA chAhatA
thA. ab trikAlavartI trilokake sarva sparsha, ras, gandha tathA shabdo.nkA yugapat grahaN karatA
hai, koI binA grahaN kiyA nahI.n rahA jisakA grahaN karanekI ichChA utpanna ho.
yahA.N koI kahe ki — sharIrAdik binA grahaN kaise hogA?
samAdhAnaH — indriyaj~nAn hone par to dravyendriyo.n Adike binA grahaN nahI.n hotA thA.
ab aisA svabhAv pragaT huA ki binA indriyo.nke hI grahaN hotA hai.
yahA.N koI kahe ki — jaise man dvArA sparshAdikako jAnate hai.n usI prakAr jAnanA hotA
hogA; tvachA, jihvA Adise grahaN hotA hai vaise nahI.n hotA hogA; so aisA nahI.n hai — kyo.nki

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 73
man dvArA smaraNAdi hone par aspaShTa jAnanA kuCh hotA hai. yahA.N to jis prakAr tvachA,
jihvA ityAdise sparsha, rasAdikakA — sparsha karane par, svAd lene par sU.Nghane – dekhane – sunane par
jaisA spaShTa jAnanA hotA hai usase bhI anantaguNA spaShTa jAnanA unake hotA hai.
visheSh itanA huA hai ki — vahA.N indriyaviShayakA sa.nyog hone par hI jAnanA hotA
thA, yahA.N dUr rahakar bhI vaisA hI jAnanA hotA hai — yah shaktikI mahimA hai. tathA man
dvArA kuCh atIt, anAgatako tathA avyaktako jAnanA chAhatA thA; ab sarva hI anAdise
anantakAl paryanta sarva padArtho.nke dravya, kShetra, kAl, bhAvo.nko yugapat jAnatA hai, koI binA
jAne nahI.n rahA jisako jAnanekI ichChA utpanna ho. is prakAr yah duHkh aur duHkho.nke kAraN
unakA abhAv jAnanA.
tathA mohake udayase mithyAtva aur kaShAyabhAv hote the unakA sarvathA abhAv huA
isaliye duHkhakA abhAv huA; tathA inake kAraNo.nkA abhAv huA, isalie duHkhake kAraNo.nkA
bhI abhAv huA hai. un kAraNo.nkA abhAv yahA.N dikhAte hai.nH —
sarva tattva yathArtha pratibhAsit hone par atattvashraddhAnarUp mithyAtva kaise ho? koI aniShTa
nahI.n rahA, ni.ndak svayamev aniShTako prApta hotA hI hai; svaya.n krodh kis par kare.n? siddho.nse
U.NchA koI hai nahI.n, indrAdik svayamev naman karate hai.n aur iShTako pAte hai.n; kisase mAn kare.n?
sarva bhavitavya bhAsit ho gayA, kArya rahA nahI.n, kisIse prayojan rahA nahI.n hai; kisakA lobh
kare.n? koI anya iShTa rahA nahI.n; kis kAraNase hAsya ho? koI anya iShTa prIti karane yogya
hai nahI.n; phi ra kahA.N rati kare.n? koI duHkhadAyak sa.nyog rahA nahI.n hai; kahA.N arati kare.n? koI
iShTa-aniShTa sa.nyog-viyog hotA nahI.n hai; kisakA shok kare.n? koI aniShTa karanevAlA kAraN
rahA nahI.n hai; kisakA bhay kare.n? sarva vastue.N apane svabhAv sahit bhAsit hotI hai.n, apaneko
aniShTa nahI.n hai.n, kahA.N jugupsA kare.n? kAmapI.DA dUr honese strI-puruSh done.nse ramaN karanekA kuCh
prayojan nahI.n rahA; kisaliye puruSh, strI yA napu.nsakavedarUp bhAv ho? — is prakAr moh utpanna
honeke kAraNo.nkA abhAv jAnanA.
tathA antarAyake udayase shakti hInapaneke kAraN pUrNa nahI.n hotI thI, ab usakA abhAv
huA, isaliye duHkhakA abhAv huA. tathA anantashakti pragaT huI, isaliye duHkhake kAraNakA
bhI abhAv huA.
yahA.N koI kahe ki — dAn, lAbh, bhog, upabhog to karate nahI.n hai.n; inakI shakti
kaise pragaT huI?

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74 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
samAdhAn : — ye kArya rogake upachAr the; rog hI nahI.n hai, tab upachAr kyo.n kare.n?
isaliye in kAryo.nkA sadbhAv to hai nahI.n aur inhe.n rokanevAle karmo.nkA abhAv huA, isaliye
shakti pragaT huI kahate hai.n. jaise — koI gaman karanA chAhatA thA. use kisIne rokA thA
tab duHkhI thA aur jab usakI rok dUr huI tab jis kAryake artha jAnA chAhatA thA vah
kArya nahI.n rahA, isaliye gaman bhI nahI.n kiyA. vahA.N usake gaman na karane par bhI shakti
pragaT huI kahI jAtI hai; usI prakAr yahA.N bhI jAnanA. tathA unake j~nAnAdikI shaktirUp
anantavIrya pragaT pAyA jAtA hai.
tathA aghAti karmo.nme.n mohase pApaprakR^itiyo.nkA uday hone par duHkh mAn rahA thA,
puNyaprakR^itiyo.nkA uday hone par sukh mAn rahA thA, paramArthase AkulatAke kAraN sab duHkh
hI thA. ab, mohake nAshase sarva AkulatA dUr hone par sarva duHkhakA nAsh huA. tathA
jin kAraNo.nse duHkh mAn rahA thA, ve kAraN to sarva naShTa hue; aur kinhI.n kAraNo.nse ki.nchit
duHkh dUr honese sukh mAn rahA thA so ab mUlahIme.n duHkh nahI.n rahA, isaliye un duHkhake
upachAro.nkA kuCh prayojan nahI.n rahA ki unase kAryakI siddhi karanA chAhe. usakI siddhi svayamev
hI ho rahI hai.
isIkA visheSh batalAte hai.nH — vedanIyame.n asAtAke udayase duHkhake kAraN sharIrame.n rog
kShudhAdik hote the; ab sharIr hI nahI.n, tab kahA.N ho? tathA sharIrakI aniShTa avasthAko kAraN
AtAp Adi the; parantu ab sharIr binA kisako kAraN ho.n? tathA bAhya aniShTa nimitta
banate the; parantu ab inake aniShTa rahA hI nahI.n. is prakAr duHkhake kAraNo.nkA to abhAv
huA.
tathA sAtAke udayase ki.nchit duHkh miTAneke kAraN auShadhi, bhojanAdik the usakA
prayojan nahI.n rahA hai aur iShTakArya parAdhIn nahI.n rahe hai.n; isaliye bAhyame.n bhI mitrAdikako
iShTa mAnanekA prayojan nahI.n rahA, inake dvArA duHkh miTAnA chAhatA thA aur iShTa karanA chAhatA
thA; so ab to sampUrNa duHkh naShTa huA aur sampUrNa iShTa prApta huA.
tathA Ayuke nimittase jIvan-maraN thA. vahA.N maraNase duHkh mAnatA thA; parantu avinAshI
pad prApta kar liyA, isaliye duHkhakA kAraN nahI.n rahA. tathA dravyaprANo.nko dhAraN kiye kitane
hI kAl tak jIne-maranese sukh mAnatA thA, vahA.N bhI narak paryAyame.n duHkhakI visheShatAse vahA.N
nahI.n jInA chAhatA thA; parantu ab is siddhaparyAyame.n dravyaprANake binA hI apane chaitanyaprANase
sadAkAl jItA hai aur vahA.N duHkhakA lavalesh bhI nahI.n rahA.

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 75
tathA nAmakarmase ashubh gati, jAti hone par duHkh mAnatA thA, parantu ab un sabakA
abhAv huA; duHkh kahA.Nse ho? tathA shubhagati, jAti Adi hone par ki.nchit duHkh dUr honese
sukh mAnatA thA; parantu ab unake binA hI sarva duHkhakA nAsh aur sarva sukhakA prakAsh
pAyA jAtA hai. isaliye unakA bhI kuCh prayojan nahI.n rahA.
tathA gotrake nimittase nIch kul prApta hone par duHkh mAnatA thA, ab usakA abhAv
honese duHkhakA kAraN nahI.n rahA; tathA uchcha kul prApta hone par sukh mAnatA thA, parantu ab
uchcha kulake binA hI trailokya pUjya uchcha padako prApta hai.
is prakAr siddho.nke sarva karmo.nkA nAsh honese sarva duHkhakA nAsh ho gayA hai.
duHkhakA lakShaN to AkulatA hai aur AkulatA tabhI hotI hai jab ichChA ho; parantu
ichChAkA tathA ichChAke kAraNo.nkA sarvathA abhAv huA, isaliye nirAkul hokar sarva duHkharahit
ananta sukhakA anubhav karatA hai; kyo.nki nirAkulatA hI sukhakA lakShaN hai. sa.nsArame.n bhI
kisI prakAr nirAkul hokar sab hI sukh mAnate hai.n; jahA.N sarvathA nirAkul huA vahA.N sukh
sampUrNa kaise nahI.n mAnA jAye?
is prakAr samyagdarshanAdi sAdhanase siddhapad prApta karane par sarva duHkhakA abhAv hotA
hai, sarva sukh pragaT hotA hai.
ab yahA.N upadesh dete hai.n ki — he bhavya! he bhAI!! tujhe jo sa.nsArake duHkh batalAe
so ve tujhapar bItate hai.n yA nahI.n, vah vichAr aur tU jo upAy karatA hai inhe.n jhUThA batalAyA
so aise hI hai.n yA nahI.n, vah vichAra. tathA siddhapad prApta hone par sukh hotA hai yA nahI.n,
usakA bhI vichAr kara. jaisA kahA hai vaisI hI pratIti tujhe AtI ho to tU sa.nsArase ChUTakar
siddhapad prApta karanekA ham jo upAy kahate hai.n vah kar, vilamba mat kara. yah upAy karanese
terA kalyAN hogA.
— iti shrI mokShamArgaprakAshak shAstrame.n sa.nsAraduHkh tathA mokShasukhakA nirUpak
tR^itIy adhikAr pUrNa huA ..3..
✾

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76 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
chauthA adhikAr
mithyAdarshan-j~nAn-chAritrakA nirUpaN
dohA — is bhavake sab duHkhanike, kAraN mithyAbhAv.
tinikI sattA nAsh kari, pragaTai mokSha upAv ..
ab yahA.N sa.nsAr duHkho.nke bIjabhUt mithyAdarshan, mithyAj~nAn, mithyAchAritra hai.n unake
svarUpakA visheSh nirUpaN karate hai.n. jaise vaidya hai so rogake kAraNo.nko visheSharUpase kahe to
rogI kupathya sevan na kare, tab rog rahit ho. usI prakAr yahA.N sa.nsArake kAraNo.nkA visheSh
nirUpaN karate hai.n, jisase sa.nsArI mithyAtvAdikakA sevan na kare, tab sa.nsAr rahit ho. isaliye
mithyAdarshanAdikakA visheSh nirUpaN karate hai.nH —
mithyAdarshanakA svarUp
yah jIv anAdise karma-sambandha sahit hai. usako darshanamohake udayase huA jo
atattvashraddhAn usakA nAm mithyAdarshan hai kyo.nki tadbhAv so tattva, arthAt jo shraddhAn karane
yogya artha hai usakA jo bhAv – svarUp usakA nAm tattva hai. tattva nahI.n usakA nAm atattva
hai isaliye atattva hai vah asatya hai; ataH isIkA nAm mithyA hai. tathA ‘aise hI yah
hai’ — aisA pratItibhAv usakA nAm shraddhAn hai.
yahA.N shraddhAnakA hI nAm darshan hai. yadyapi darshanakA shabdArtha sAmAnya avalokan hai
tathApi yahA.N prakaraNavash isI dhAtukA artha shraddhAn jAnanA. — aisA hI sarvArthasiddhi nAmak
sUtrakI TIkAme.n kahA hai. kyo.nki sAmAnya avalokan sa.nsAr – mokShakA kAraN nahI.n hotA; shraddhAn
hI sa.nsAr – mokShakA kAraN hai, isaliye sa.nsAr – mokShake kAraName.n darshanakA artha shraddhAn hI jAnanA.
tathA mithyArUp jo darshan arthAt shraddhAn, usakA nAm mithyAdarshan hai. jaisA vastukA
svarUp nahI.n hai vaisA mAnanA, jaisA hai vaisA nahI.n mAnanA, aisA viparItAbhinivesh arthAt viparIt
abhiprAy, usako liye hue mithyAdarshan hotA hai.

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chauthA adhikAr ][ 77
yahA.N prashna hai ki — kevalaj~nAnake binA sarva padArtha yathArtha bhAsit nahI.n hote aur yathArtha
bhAsit hue binA yathArtha shraddhAn nahI.n hotA, to phi ra mithyAdarshanakA tyAg kaise bane?
samAdhAnaH — padArtho.nkA jAnanA, na jAnanA, anyathA jAnanA to j~nAnAvaraNake anusAr
hai; tathA jo pratIti hotI hai so jAnane par hI hotI hai, binA jAne pratIti kaise Aye —
yah to satya hai. parantu jaise (koI) puruSh hai vah jinase prayojan nahI.n hai unhe.n anyathA
jAne yA yathArtha jAne, tathA jaisA jAnatA hai vaisA hI mAne to usase usakA kuCh bhI bigA.D.h.h-
sudhAr nahI.n hai, usase vah pAgal yA chatur nAm nahI.n pAtA; tathA jinase prayojan pAyA jAtA
hai unhe.n yadi anyathA jAne aur vaisA hI mAne to bigA.D.h.h hotA hai, isalie use pAgal
kahate hai.n; tathA unako yadi yathArtha jAne aur vaisA hI mAne to sudhAr hotA hai, isaliye
use chatur kahate hai.n. usI prakAr jIv hai vah jinase prayojan nahI.n hai unhe.n anyathA jAne
yA yathArtha jAne, tathA jaisA jAne vaisA shraddhAn kare, to isakA kuCh bhI bigA.D.h.h-sudhAr nahI.n
hai, usase mithyAdR^iShTi yA samyagdR^iShTi nAm prApta nahI.n karatA; tathA jisase prayojan pAyA jAtA
hai unhe.n yadi anyathA jAne aur vaisA hI shraddhAn kare to bigA.D.h.h hotA hai, isaliye use
mithyAdR^iShTi kahate hai.n; tathA yadi unhe.n yathArtha jAne aur vaisA hI shraddhAn kare to sudhAr hotA
hai, isaliye use samyadR^iShTi kahate hai.n.
yahA.N itanA jAnanA ki — aprayojanabhUt athavA prayojanabhUt padArtho.nkA na jAnanA yA
yathArtha-ayathArtha jAnanA ho, usame.n j~nAnakI hInAdhikatA honA itanA jIvakA bigA.D.h.h-sudhAr hai
aur usakA nimitta to j~nAnAvaraN karma hai, parantu vahA.N prayojanabhUt padArtho.nkA anyathA yA
yathArtha shraddhAn karanese jIvakA kuCh aur bhI bigA.D.h.h-sudhAr hotA hai, isaliye usakA nimitta
darshanamoh nAmak karma hai.
yahA.N koI kahe ki jaisA jAne vaisA shraddhAn kare, isaliye j~nAnAvaraNake hI anusAr
shraddhAn bhAsit hotA hai, yahA.N darshanamohakA visheSh nimitta kaise bhAsit hotA hai?
samAdhAnaH — prayojanabhUt jIvAdi tattvo.nkA shraddhAn karane yogya j~nAnAvaraNakA kShayopasham
to sarva sa.nj~nI pa.nchendriyo.nke huA hai, parantu dravyali.ngI muni gyArah a~N.hga tak pa.Dhte hai.n tathA graiveyakake
dev avadhij~nAnAdiyukta hai.n, unake j~nAnAvaraNakA kShayopasham bahut hone par bhI prayojanabhUt
jIvAdikakA shraddhAn nahI.n hotA; aur tirya.nchAdikako j~nAnAvaraNakA kShayopasham tho.DA hone par bhI
prayojanabhUt jIvAdikakA shraddhAn hotA hai. isaliye jAnA jAtA hai ki j~nAnAvaraNake hI anusAr
shraddhAn nahI.n hotA; koI anya karma hai aur vah darshanamoh hai. usake udayase jIvake mithyAdarshan
hotA hai tab prayojanabhUt jIvAdi tattvo.nkA anyathA shraddhAn karatA hai.

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prayojanabhUt-aprayojanabhUt padArtha
yahA.N koI pUChe ki — prayojanabhUt aur aprayojanabhUt padArtha kaun hai.n?
samAdhAnaH — is jIvako prayojan to ek yahI hai ki duHkh na ho aur sukh ho.
kisI jIvake anya kuCh bhI prayojan nahI.n hai. tathA duHkhakA na honA, sukhakA honA ek
hI hai; kyo.nki duHkhakA abhAv vahI sukh hai aur is prayojanakI siddhi jIvAdikakA satya
shraddhAn karanese hotI hai. kaise?
so kahate hai.nH — pratham to duHkh dUr karaneme.n ApAparakA j~nAn avashya honA chAhiye.
yadi ApAparakA j~nAn nahI.n ho to apaneko pahichAne binA apanA duHkh kaise dUr kare? athavA
ApAparako ek jAnakar apanA duHkh dUr karaneke artha parakA upachAr kare to apanA duHkh
dUr kaise ho? athavA apanese par bhinna hai.n, parantu yah parame.n aha.nkAr-mamakAr kare to usase duHkh
hI hotA hai. ApAparakA j~nAn hone par hI duHkh dUr hotA hai. tathA ApAparakA j~nAn jIv-
ajIvakA j~nAn hone par hI hotA hai; kyo.nki Ap svaya.n jIv hai, sharIrAdik ajIv hai.n.
yadi lakShaNAdi dvArA jIv-ajIvakI pahichAn ho to apanI aur parakI bhinnatA bhAsit
ho; isaliye jIv-ajIvako jAnanA. athavA jIv-ajIvakA j~nAn hone par, jin padArtho.nke
anyathA shraddhAnase duHkh hotA thA unakA yathArtha j~nAn honese duHkh dUr hotA hai; isaliye jIv-
ajIvako jAnanA.
tathA duHkhakA kAraN to karma-bandhan hai aur usakA kAraN mithyAtvAdik Asrav hai.n.
yadi inako na pahichAne, inako duHkhakA mUl kAraN na jAne to inakA abhAv kaise kare?
aur inakA abhAv nahI.n kare to karma bandhan kaise nahI.n ho? isaliye duHkh hI hotA hai.
athavA mithyAtvAdik bhAv hai.n so duHkhamay hai.n. yadi unhe.n jyo.nkA tyo.n nahI.n jAne to unakA
abhAv nahI.n kare, tab duHkhI hI rahe; isaliye Asravako jAnanA.
tathA samasta duHkhakA kAraN karma-bandhan hai. yadi use na jAne to usase mukta honekA
upAy nahI.n kare, tab usake nimittase duHkhI ho; isaliye bandhako jAnanA.
tathA AsravakA abhAv karanA so sa.nvar hai. usakA svarUp na jAne to usame.n pravartan nahI.n
kare, tab Asrav hI rahe, usase varttamAn tathA AgAmI duHkh hI hotA hai; isaliye sa.nvarako jAnanA.
tathA katha.nchit ki.nchit karmabandhakA abhAv karanA usakA nAm nirjarA hai. yadi use
na jAne to usakI pravR^ittikA udyamI nahI.n ho, tab sarvathA bandha hI rahe, jisase duHkh hI
hotA hai; isaliye nirjarAko jAnanA.

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chauthA adhikAr ][ 79
tathA sarvathA sarva karmabandhakA abhAv honA usakA nAm mokSha hai. yadi use nahI.n pahichAne
to usakA upAy nahI.n kare, tab sa.nsArame.n karmabandhase utpanna duHkho.nko hI sahe; isaliye mokShako
jAnanA. is prakAr jIvAdi sAt tattva jAnanA.
tathA shAstrAdi dvArA kadAchit unhe.n jAne, parantu aise hI hai.n aisI pratIti na AyI
to jAnanese kyA ho? isaliye unakA shraddhAn karanA kAryakArI hai. aise jIvAdi tattvo.nkA
satya shraddhAn karane par hI duHkh honekA abhAvarUp prayojanakI siddhi hotI hai. isaliye
jIvAdik padArtha hai.n ve hI prayojanabhUt jAnanA.
tathA inake bhed puNya-pApAdirUp hai.n unakA bhI shraddhAn prayojanabhUt hai, kyo.nki sAmAnyase
visheSh balavAn hai. is prakAr ye padArtha to prayojanabhUt hai.n, isaliye inakA yathArtha shraddhAn
karane par to duHkh nahI.n hotA, sukh hotA hai; aur inakA yathArtha shraddhAn kie binA duHkh
hotA hai, sukh nahI.n hotA.
tathA inake atirikta anya padArtha hai.n ve aprayojanabhUt hai.n, kyo.nki unakA yathArtha shraddhAn
karo yA mat karo unakA shraddhAn kuCh sukh-duHkhakA kAraN nahI.n hai.
yahA.N prashna uThatA hai ki — pahale jIv-ajIv padArtha kahe uname.n to sabhI padArtha A
gaye; unake sivA anya padArtha kaun rahe jinhe.n aprayojanabhUt kahA hai.
samAdhAnaH — padArtha to sab jIv-ajIvame.n garbhit hai.n, parantu un jIv-ajIvo.nke visheSh
bahut hai.n. uname.nse jin visheSho.n sahit jIv-ajIvakA yathArtha shraddhAn karanese sva-parakA shraddhAn
ho, rAgAdik dUr karanekA shraddhAn ho, unase sukh utpanna ho; tathA ayathArtha shraddhAn karanese
sva-parakA shraddhAn nahI.n ho, rAgAdik dUr karanekA shraddhAn nahI.n ho, isaliye duHkh utpanna ho;
un visheSho.n sahit jIv-ajIv padArtho.n to prayojanabhUt jAnanA.
tathA jin visheSho.n sahit jIv-ajIvakA yathArtha shraddhAn karane yA na karanese sva-parakA
shraddhAn ho yA na ho, tathA rAgAdik dUr karanekA shraddhAn ho yA na ho — koI niyam nahI.n
hai; un visheSho.n sahit jIv-ajIv padArtha aprayojanabhUt jAnanA.
jaise — jIv aur sharIrakA chaitanya, mUrttatvAdi visheSho.nse shraddhAn karanA to prayojanabhUt
hai; aur manuShyAdi paryAyo.nkA tathA ghaT-paTAdikA avasthA, AkArAdi visheSho.nse shraddhAn karanA
aprayojanabhUt hai. isI prakAr anya jAnanA.
is prakAr kahe gaye jo prayojanabhUt jIvAdik tattva unake ayathArtha shraddhAnakA nAm
mithyAdarshan jAnanA.

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mithyAdarshanakI pravR^itti
ab, sa.nsArI jIvo.nke mithyAdarshanakI pravR^itti kaise pAyI jAtI hai so kahate hai.n. yahA.N
varNan to shraddhAnakA karanA hai; parantu jAnegA to shraddhAn karegA, isaliye jAnanekI mukhyatAse
varNan karate hai.n.
jIv-ajIvatattva sambandhI ayathArtha shraddhAn
anAdikAlase jIv hai vah karmake nimittase anek paryAye.n dhAraN karatA hai. vahA.N pUrva
paryAyako Cho.DtA hai, navIn paryAy dhAraN karatA hai. tathA vah paryAy ek to svaya.n AtmA
aur ananta pudgalaparamANumay sharIr unase ekapiNDa bandhAnarUp hai. tathA jIvako us
paryAyame.n — ‘yah mai.n hU.N’ — aisI aha.nbuddhi hotI hai. tathA svaya.n jIv hai, usakA svabhAv to
j~nAnAdik hai aur vibhAv krodhAdik hai.n aur pudgalaparamANuo.nke varNa, ga.ndh, ras, sparshAdi svabhAv
hai.n — un sabako apanA svarUp mAnatA hai.
‘ye mere hai.n’ — is prakAr uname.n mamatvabuddhi hotI hai. tathA svaya.n jIv hai, usake
j~nAnAdikakI tathA krodhAdikakI adhikatA-hInatArUp avasthA hotI hai aur pudgalaparamANuo.nkI
varNAdi palaTanerUp avasthA hotI hai un sabako apanI avasthA mAnatA hai. ‘yah merI avasthA
hai’ — aisI mamatvabuddhi karatA hai.
tathA jIv aur sharIrake naimitta-naimittik sambandha hai, isaliye jo kriyA hotI hai use
apanI mAnatA hai. apanA darshan-j~nAn svabhAv hai, usakI pravR^ittiko nimittamAtra sharIrake a.ngarUp
sparshanAdi dravyaindriyA.N hai.n; yah unhe.n ek mAnakar aisA mAnatA hai ki — hAth Adise mai.nne sparsha
kiyA, jIbhase svAd liyA, nAsikAse sU.NghA, netrase dekhA, kAno.nse sunA. manovargaNArUp ATh
pa.nkhu.Diyo.nke phU le kamalake AkArakA hR^idayasthAname.n dravyaman hai, vah dR^iShTigamya nahI.n aisA hai, so
sharIrakA a.ng hai; usake nimitta hone par smaraNAdirUp j~nAnakI pravR^itti hotI hai. yah dravyamanako
aur j~nAnako ek mAnakar aisA mAnatA hai ki mai.nne manase jAnA.
tathA apaneko bolanekI ichChA hotI hai tab apane pradesho.nko jis prakAr bolanA bane
us prakAr hilAtA hai, tab ekakShetrAvagAh sambandhake kAraN sharIrake a.ng bhI hilate hai.n.
unake nimittase bhAShAvargaNArUp pudgal vachanarUp pariNamit hote hai.n; yah sabako ek mAnakar
aisA mAnatA hai ki mai.n bolatA hU.N.
tathA apaneko gamanAdi kriyAkI yA vastu grahaNAdikakI ichChA hotI hai tab apane
pradesho.nko jaise kArya bane vaise hilAtA hai. vahA.N ekakShetrAvagAhake kAraN sharIrake a.ng hilate
hai.n tab vah kArya banatA hai; athavA apanI ichChAke binA sharIr hilatA hai tab apane pradesh

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chauthA adhikAr ][ 81
bhI hilate hai.n; yah sabako ek mAnakar aisA mAnatA hai ki mai.n gamanAdi kArya karatA hU.N, mai.n
vastukA grahaN karatA hU.N athavA mai.nne kiyA hai — ityAdirUp mAnatA hai.
tathA jIvake kaShAyabhAv ho.n tab sharIrakI cheShTA unake anusAr ho jAtI hai. jaise —
krodhAdik hone par lAl netrAdi ho jAte hai.n, hAsyAdi hone par mukhAdi praphu llit ho jAte
hai.n, puruShavedAdi hone par li.ngakAThinyAdi ho jAte hai.n, yah sab ek mAnakar aisA mAnatA hai
ki yah kArya sab mai.n karatA hU.N. tathA sharIrame.n shIt, uShNa, kShudhA, tR^iShA, rog ityAdi avasthAe.N
hotI hai.n; unake nimittase mohabhAv dvArA svaya.n sukh-duHkh mAnatA hai; in sabako ek jAnakar
shItAdik tathA sukh-duHkh apaneko hI hue mAnatA hai.
tathA sharIrake paramANuo.nkA milanA-biChu.DnA Adi honese athavA unakI avasthA
palaTanese yA sharIr skandhake khaNDa Adi honese sthUl - kR^ishAdik, bAl - vR^iddhAdik athavA
a.ngahInAdik hote hai.n aur usake anusAr apane pradesho.nkA sa.nkoch-vistAr hotA hai; yah sabako
ek mAnakar mai.n sthUl hU.N, mai.n kR^ish hU.N, mai.n bAlak hU.N, mai.n vR^iddha hU.N, mere in a.ngo.nkA bha.ng huA
hai — ityAdirUp mAnatA hai.
tathA sharIrakI apekShA gati, kulAdik hote hai.n unhe.n apanA mAnakar mai.n manuShya hU.N, mai.n
tirya.nch hU.N, mai.n kShatriy hU.N, mai.n vaishya hU.N — ityAdirUp mAnatA hai. tathA sharIrakA sa.nyog hone
aur ChUTanekI apekShA janma-maraN hotA hai; use apanA janma-maraN mAnakar mai.n utpanna huA,
mai.n marU.NgA — aisA mAnatA hai.
tathA sharIrakI hI apekShA anya vastuo.nse nAtA mAnatA hai. jinake dvArA sharIrakI utpatti
huI unhe.n apane mAtA-pitA mAnatA hai; jo sharIrako ramaN karAye use apanI ramaNI mAnatA hai;
jo sharIrase utpanna huA use apanA putra mAnatA hai; jo sharIrako upakArI ho use mitra mAnatA
hai; jo sharIrakA burA kare use shatru mAnatA hai — ityAdirUp mAnyatA hotI hai.
adhik kyA kahe.n? jis-tis prakArase apaneko aur sharIrako ek hI mAnatA hai.
indriyAdikake nAm to yahA.N kahe hai.n, parantu ise to kuCh gamya nahI.n hai.n. achet huA
paryAyame.n aha.nbuddhi dhAraN karatA hai. usakA kAraN kyA hai? vah batalAte hai.nH —
is AtmAko anAdise indriyaj~nAn hai; usase svaya.n amUrtik hai vah to bhAsit nahI.n
hotA, parantu sharIr mUrttik hai vahI bhAsit hotA hai aur AtmA kisIko AparUp jAnakar
aha.nbuddhi dhAraN kare hI kare, so jab svaya.n pR^ithak bhAsit nahI.n huA tab unake samudAyarUp
paryAyame.n hI aha.nbuddhi dhAraN karatA hai.
tathA apaneko aur sharIrako nimitta-naimittik sambandha bahut hai.n, isaliye bhinnatA bhAsit

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nahI.n hotI aur jis vichAr dvArA bhinnatA bhAsit hotI hai vah mithyAdarshanake jorase ho nahI.n
sakatA, isaliye paryAyame.n hI aha.nbuddhi pAyI jAtI hai.
tathA mithyAdarshanase yah jIv kadAchit bAhya sAmagrIkA sa.nyog hone par use bhI apanI
mAnatA hai. putra, strI, dhan, dhAnya, hAthI, gho.De, mahal, ki.nkar Adi pratyakSha apanese bhinna aur
sadAkAl apane AdhIn nahI.n aise svaya.nko bhAsit hote hai.n; tathApi uname.n mamakAr karatA hai.
putrAdikame.n ‘ye hai.n so mai.n hI hU.N’ aisI bhI kadAchit bhramabuddhi hotI hai. tathA mithyAdarshanase
sharIrAdikakA svarUp anyathA hI bhAsit hotA hai. anityako nitya mAnatA hai, bhinnako abhinna
mAnatA hai, duHkhake kAraNako sukhakA kAraN mAnatA hai, duHkhako sukh mAnatA hai — ityAdi viparIt
bhAsit hotA hai.
is prakAr jIv-ajIv tattvo.nkA ayathArtha j~nAn hone par ayathArtha shraddhAn hotA hai.
Asravatattva sambandhI ayathArtha shraddhAn
tathA is jIvako mohake udayase mithyAtva-kaShAyAdibhAv hote hai.n, unako apanA svabhAv
mAnatA hai, karmopAdhise hue nahI.n jAnatA. darshan-j~nAn upayog aur AsravabhAv unako ek
mAnatA hai; kyo.nki inakA AdhArabhUt to ek AtmA hai aur inakA pariNaman ek hI kAlame.n
hotA hai, isaliye ise bhinnapanA bhAsit nahI.n hotA aur bhinnapanA bhAsit honekA kAraN jo
vichAr hai so mithyAdarshanake balase ho nahI.n sakatA.
tathA ye mithyAtva – kaShAyabhAv AkulatA sahit hai.n, isaliye varttamAn duHkhamay hai.n aur
karmabandhake kAraN hai.n, isaliye AgAmI kAlame.n duHkh kare.nge — aisA unhe.n nahI.n mAnatA aur bhalA
jAn in bhAvo.nrUp hokar svaya.n pravartatA hai. tathA vah duHkhI to apane in mithyAtva –
kaShAyabhAvo.nse hotA hai aur vR^ithA hI auro.nko duHkh utpanna karanevAle mAnatA hai. jaise —
duHkhI to mithyAshraddhAnase hotA hai, parantu apane shraddhAnake anusAr jo padArtha na pravarte use
duHkhadAyak mAnatA hai. tathA duHkhI to krodhase hotA hai, parantu jisase krodh kiyA ho usako
duHkhadAyak mAnatA hai. duHkhI to lobhase hotA hai, parantu iShTa vastukI aprAptiko duHkhadAyak
mAnatA hai. — isI prakAr anyatra jAnanA.
tathA in bhAvo.nkA jaisA phal AtA hai vaisA bhAsit nahI.n hotA. inakI tIvratAse
narakAdi hote hai.n tathA mandatAse svargAdi hote hai.n, vahA.N adhik-kam AkulatA hotI hai. aisA
bhAsit nahI.n hotA hai, isaliye ve bure nahI.n lagate. kAraN yah hai ki — ve apane kiye
bhAsit hote hai.n, isaliye unako bure kaise mAne?
is prakAr AsravatattvakA ayathArtha j~nAn hone par ayathArtha shraddhAn hotA hai.