Moksha-Marg Prakashak-Hindi (itrans transliteration). Tisara Adhyay.

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dUsarA adhikAr ][ 43
tathA jaise koI navIn vastra pahinatA hai, kuCh kAl tak pahine rahatA hai, phi ra usako
Cho.Dkar anya vastra pahinatA hai; usI prakAr jIv navIn sharIr dhAraN karatA hai, kuCh kAl
tak dhAraN kiye rahatA hai, phi ra usako Cho.Dkar anya sharIr dhAraN karatA hai. isaliye
sharIr-sambandhakI apekShA janmAdik hai.n. jIv janmAdi rahit nitya hI hai tathApi mohI jIvako
atIt-anAgatakA vichAr nahI.n hai; isalie prApta paryAyamAtra hI apanI sthiti mAnakar paryAy
sambandhI kAryo.nme.n hI tatpar ho rahA hai.
is prakAr Ayuse paryAyakI sthiti jAnanA.
nAmakarmodayajanya avasthA
tathA nAmakarmase yah jIv manuShyAdi gatiyo.nko prApta hotA hai; us paryAyarUp apanI
avasthA hotI hai. vahA.N tras-sthAvarAdi visheSh utpanna hote hai.n. tathA vahA.N ekendriyAdi jAtiko
dhAraN karatA hai. is jAtikarmake udayako aur matij~nAnAvaraNake kShayopashamako nimitta-
naimittikapanA jAnanA. jaisA kShayopasham ho vaisI jAti prApta karatA hai.
tathA sharIro.nkA sambandha hotA hai; vahA.N sharIrake paramANu aur AtmAke pradesho.nkA ek
ba.ndhAn hotA hai tathA sa.nkoch-vistArarUp hokar sharIrapramAN AtmA rahatA hai. tathA nokarmarUp
sharIrame.n a.ngopA.ngAdikake yogya sthAn pramANasahit hote hai.n. isIse sparshan, rasanA Adi dravya-
indriyA.N utpanna hotI hai.n tathA hR^idayasthAname.n ATh pa.nkhuriyo.nke phU le hue kamalake AkAr dravyaman
hotA hai. tathA us sharIrame.n hI AkArAdikakA visheSh honA, varNAdikakA visheSh honA aur
sthUl-sUkShmatvAdikA honA ityAdi kArya utpanna hote hai.n; so ve sharIrarUp pariNamit paramANu is
prakAr pariNamit hote hai.n.
tathA shvAsochChvAs aur svar utpanna hote hai.n; ve bhI pudgalake piNDa hai.n aur sharIrase
ek ba.ndhAnarUp hai.n. iname.n bhI AtmAke pradesh vyApta hai.n. vahA.N shvAsochChvAs to pavan hai.
jaise AhArakA grahaN kare aur nihArako nikAle tabhI jInA hotA hai; usI prakAr bAhya pavanako
grahaN kare aur abhya.ntar pavanako nikAle tabhI jIvitavya rahatA hai. isaliye shvAsochChvAs
jIvitavyakA kAraN hai. is sharIrame.n jis prakAr hA.D.h.h-mA.nsAdik hai.n usI prakAr pavan jAnanA.
tathA jaise hastAdikase kArya karate hai.n vaise hI pavanase hI kArya karate hai.n. mu.Nhame.n jo grAs
rakhA use pavanase nigalate hai.n, malAdik pavanase bAhar nikAlate hai.n, vaise hI anya jAnanA.
tathA nA.DI, vAyurog, vAyagolA ityAdiko pavanarUp sharIrake a.ng jAnanA.
svar hai vah shabda hai. so jaise vINAkI tA.Ntako hilAne par bhAShArUp hone yogya
jo pudgalaska.ndh hai.n ve sAkShar yA anakShar shabdarUp pariNamit hote hai.n; usI prakAr tAlu, ho.nTh

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44 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
ityAdi a.ngo.nko hilAne par bhAShAparyAptime.n grahaN kiye gaye jo pudgalaska.ndh hai.n ve sAkShar yA
anakShar shabdarUp pariNamit hote hai.n.
tathA shubh-ashubh gamanAdik hote hai.n. yahA.N aisA jAnanA ki jaise do puruSho.nko ikada.nDI
be.DI hai. vahA.N ek puruSh gamanAdik karanA chAhe aur dUsarA bhI gamanAdik kare to gamanAdik
ho sakate hai.n, dono.nme.nse ek baiThA rahe to gamanAdik nahI.n ho sakate, tathA dono.nme.n ek balavAn
ho to dUsareko bhI ghasIT le jAye. usI prakAr AtmAke aur sharIrAdikarUp pudgalake
ekakShetrAvagAharUp ba.ndhAn hai; vahA.N AtmA halan-chalanAdi karanA chAhe aur pudgal us shaktise
rahit huA halan-chalan na kare athavA pudgalame.n to shakti pAI jAtI hai, parantu AtmAkI
ichChA na ho to halan-chalanAdi nahI.n ho sakate. tathA iname.n pudgal balavAn hokar halan-
chalan kare to usake sAth binA ichChAke bhI AtmA halan-chalan karatA hai. is prakAr halan-
chalanAdi kriyA hotI hai. tathA isake apayash Adi bAhya nimitta banate hai.n. — is prakAr
ye kArya utpanna hote hai.n, unase mohake anusAr AtmA sukhI-duHkhI bhI hotA hai.
aise nAmakarmake udayase svayamev nAnAprakAr rachanA hotI hai, anya koI karanevAlA nahI.n
hai. tathA tIrtha.nkarAdi prakR^iti yahA.N hai hI nahI.n.
gotrakarmodayajanya avasthA
gotrakarmase uchcha-nIch kulame.n utpanna honA hotA hai; vahA.N apanI adhikatA-hInatA prApta
hotI hai. mohake udayase AtmA sukhI-duHkhI bhI hotA hai.
is prakAr aghAtikarmo.nke nimittase avasthA hotI hai.
is prakAr is anAdi sa.nsArame.n ghAti-aghAtikarmo.nke udayake anusAr AtmAke avasthA
hotI hai. so he bhavya! apane a.ntara.ngame.n vichArakar dekh ki aise hI hai ki nahI.n. vichAr
karane par aisA hI pratibhAsit hotA hai. yadi aisA hai to tU yah mAn ki — ‘‘mere anAdi
sa.nsAr-rog pAyA jAtA hai, usake nAshakA mujhe upAy karanA’’ — is vichArase terA kalyAN
hogA.
— iti shrI mokShamArgaprakAshak nAmak shAstrame.n sa.nsAr-avasthAkA nirUpak
dvitIy adhikAr sampUrNa huA..2..
✾

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 45
tIsarA adhikAr
sa.nsAraduHkh tathA
mokShasukhakA nirUpaN
dohA — so nijabhAv sadA sukhad, apanau.n karau prakAsh,
jo bahuvidhi bhavadukhanikau, karihai sattA nAsh ..
ab, is sa.nsAr-avasthAme.n nAnAprakArake duHkh hai.n unakA varNan karate hai.n. kyo.nki yadi
sa.nsArame.n bhI sukh ho to sa.nsArame.n mukta honekA upAy kisaliye kare.n. is sa.nsArame.n anek duHkh
hai.n, isaliye sa.nsArase mukta honekA upAy karate hai.n.
jaise — vaidya rogakA nidAn aur usakI avasthAkA varNan karake, rogIko rogakA nishchay
karAkar, phi ra usakA ilAj karanekI ruchi karAtA hai. usI prakAr yahA.N sa.nsArakA nidAn
tathA usakI avasthAkA varNan karake, sa.nsArIko sa.nsAr-rogakA nishchay karAke, ab usakA upAy
karanekI ruchi karAte hai.n.
jaise — rogI rogase duHkhI ho rahA hai, parantu usakA mUl kAraN nahI.n jAnatA, sachchA
upAy nahI.n jAnatA aur duHkh sahA nahI.n jAtA; tab jo use bhAsit ho vahI upAy karatA
hai, isaliye duHkh dUr nahI.n hotA, tab ta.Dp-ta.Dpakar paravash huA un duHkho.nko sahatA hai.
use vaidya duHkhakA mUlakAraN batalAye, duHkhakA svarUp batalAye, un upAyo.nko jhUThA batalAye,
tab sachche upAy karanekI ruchi hotI hai. usI prakAr sa.nsArI sa.nsArase duHkhI ho rahA hai,
parantu usakA mUlakAraN nahI.n jAnatA, tathA sachche upAy nahI.n jAnatA aur duHkh sahA bhI nahI.n
jAtA; tab apaneko bhAsit ho vahI upAy karatA hai, isaliye duHkh dUr nahI.n hotA, tab
ta.Dp-ta.Dpakar paravash huA un duHkho.nko sahatA hai. use yahA.N duHkhakA mUlakAraN batalAte
hai.n, duHkhakA svarUp batalAte hai.n aur un upAyo.nko jhUThe batalAye.n to sachche upAy karanekI
ruchi ho. isaliye yah varNan yahA.N karate hai.n.

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46 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
sa.nsAraduHkh aur usakA mUlakAraN
(ka) karmo.nkI apekShAse
vahA.N sab duHkho.nkA mUlakAraN mithyAdarshan, aj~nAn aur asa.nyam hai. jo darshan-mohake
udayase huA atattvashraddhAn – mithyAdarshan hai, usase vastusvarUpakI yathArtha pratIti nahI.n ho sakatI,
anyathA pratIti hotI hai. tathA us mithyAdarshan hI ke nimittase kShayopashamarUp j~nAn hai vah
aj~nAn ho rahA hai, usase yathArtha vastusvarUpakA jAnanA nahI.n hotA, anyathA jAnanA hotA hai.
tathA chAritramohake udayase huA kaShAyabhAv usakA nAm asa.nyam hai, usase jaise vastusvarUp
hai vaisA nahI.n pravartatA, anyathA pravR^itti hotI hai.
isaprakAr ye mithyAdarshanAdik hai.n ve hI sarva duHkho.nkA mUl kAraN hai.n. kis prakAr?
so batalAte hai.nH —
j~nAnAvaraN aur darshanAvaraNake kShayopashamase honevAlA duHkh aur usase nivR^itti
mithyAdarshanAdikase jIvako sva-par vivek nahI.n ho sakatA. svaya.n ek AtmA aur
ananta pudgalaparamANumay sharIr; inake sa.nyogarUp manuShyAdi paryAy utpanna hotI hai, usI paryAyako
sva mAnatA hai. tathA AtmAkA j~nAn-darshanAdi svabhAv hai usake dvArA ki.nchit jAnanA-dekhanA
hotA hai; aur karmopAdhise hue krodhAdikabhAv unarUp pariNAm pAye jAte hai.n; tathA sharIrakA
sparsha, ras, gandha, varNa svabhAv hai vah pragaT hai aur sthUl-kR^iShAdik honA tathA sparshAdikakA
palaTanA ityAdi anek avasthAye.n hotI hai.n; — in sabako apanA svarUp jAnatA hai.
vahA.N j~nAn-darshanakI pravR^itti indriy — manake dvArA hotI hai, isaliye yah mAnatA hai ki
ye tvachA, jIbh, nAsikA, netra, kAn man mere a.ng hai.n. inake dvArA mai.n dekhatA-jAnatA hU.N;
aisI mAnyatAse indriyo.nme.n prIti pAyI jAtI hai.
tathA mohake Aveshase un indriyo.nke dvArA viShay-grahaN karane kI ichChA hotI hai.
aur un viShayo.nkA grahaN hone par us ichChAke miTanese nirAkul hotA hai tab Ananda mAnatA
hai. jaise kuttA hI chabAtA hai, usase apanA lohU nikale usakA svAd lekar aisA mAnatA
hai ki yah hayio.nkA svAd hai. usI prakAr yah jIv viShayo.nko jAnatA hai, usase apanA
j~nAn pravartatA hai, usakA svAd lekar aisA mAnatA hai ki yah viShayakA svAd hai. so viShayame.n
to svAd hai nahI.n. svaya.n hI ichChA kI thI, use svaya.n hI jAnakar svaya.n hI Ananda mAn
liyA; parantu mai.n anAdi-ananta j~nAnasvarUp AtmA hU.N — aisA niHkeval(parase ke val bhinna)j~nAnakA

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 47
to anubhavan hai nahI.n. tathA mai.nne nR^itya dekhA, rAg sunA, phU la sU.Nghe, (padArthakA svAd liyA,
padArthakA sparsha kiyA) shAstra jAnA, mujhe yah jAnanA; — is prakAr j~neyamishrit j~nAnakA anubhavan
hai, usase viShayo.nkI hI pradhAnatA bhAsit hotI hai. is prakAr is jIvako mohake nimittase
viShayo.nkI ichChA pAyI jAtI hai.
vahA.N ichChA to trikAlavartI sarvaviShayo.nko grahaN karanekI hai. mai.n sarvakA sparsha karU.N,
sarvakA svAd lU.N, sarvako sU.NghU.N, sarvako dekhU.N, sarvako sunU.N, sarvako jAnU.N; ichChA to itanI hai.
parantu shakti itanI hI hai ki indriyo.nke sanmukh AnevAle vartamAn sparsha, ras, gandha, varNa,
shabda; uname.nse kisIko ki.nchit mAtra grahaN kare tathA smaraNAdikase man dvArA ki.nchit jAne,
so bhI bAhya anek kAraN milane par siddha ho. isalie ichChA kabhI pUrNa nahI.n hotI.
aisI ichChA to kevalaj~nAn hone par sampUrNa ho.
kShayopashamarUp indriyo.nse to ichChA pUrNa hotI nahI.n hai, isaliye mohake nimittase indriyo.nko
apane-apane viShay-grahaNakI nirantar ichChA hotI hI rahatI hai; usase Akulit hokar duHkhI
ho rahA hai. aisA duHkhI ho rahA hai ki kisI ek viShayake grahaNake artha apane maraNako
bhI nahI.n ginatA hai. jaise hAthIko kapaTakI hathinIkA sharIr sparsha karanekI, machChako ba.nsIme.n
lagA huA mA.nsakA svAd lenekI, bhramarako kamal-sugandha sU.nghanekI, pata.ngeko dIpakakA varNa dekhanekI
aur hariNako rAg sunanekI ichChA aisI hotI hai ki tatkAl maranA bhAsit ho tathApi maraNako
nahI.n ginate. viShayo.nkA grahaN karane par usake maraN hotA thA, viShayasevan nahI.n karane par
indriyo.n kI pI.DA adhik bhAsit hotI hai. in indriyo.nkI pI.DAse pI.DitarUp sarva jIv
nirvichAr hokar jaise koI duHkhI parvatase gir pa.De vaise hI viShayo.nme.n ChalA.Ng lagAte hai.n. nAnA
kaShTase dhan utpanna karate hai.n, use viShayake artha khote hai.n. tathA viShayo.nke artha jahA.N maraN
honA jAnate hai.n vahA.N bhI jAte hai.n. narakAdike kAraN jo hi.nsAdik kArya unhe.n karate hai.n tathA
krodhAdi kaShAyo.nko utpanna karate hai.n.
ve kare.n kyA? indriyo.nkI pI.DA sahI nahI.n jAtI, isaliye anya vichAr kuCh AtA
nahI.n. isI pI.DAse pI.Dit hue indrAdik hai.n; ve bhI viShayo.nme.n ati Asakta ho rahe hai.n.
jaise khAj-rogase pI.Dit huA puruSh Asakta hokar khujAtA hai, pI.DA na ho to kisaliye
khujAye; usI prakAr indriyarogase pI.Dit hue indrAdik Asakta hokar viShay sevan karate hai.n.
pI.DA na ho to kisaliye viShay sevan kare.n?
is prakAr j~nAnAvaraN-darshanAvaraNake kShayopashamase huA indriyajanit j~nAn hai, vah
mithyAdarshanAdike nimittase ichChAsahit hokar duHkhakA kAraN huA hai.

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48 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
ab, is duHkhake dUr honekA upAy yah jIv kyA karatA hai so kahate hai.n. indriyo.nse
viShayo.nkA grahaN hone par merI ichChA pUrNa hogI aisA jAnakar pratham to nAnAprakArake bhojanAdiko.nse
indriyo.nko prabal karatA hai aur aisA hI jAnatA hai ki indriyo.nke prabal rahanese mere viShay-grahaNakI
shakti visheSh hotI hai. tathA vahA.N anek bAhya kAraN chAhie unakA nimitta milAtA hai.
tathA indriyA.N hai.n ve viShay-sanmukh hone par unako grahaN karatI hai.n, isalie anek
bAhya upAyo.n dvArA viShayo.nkA tathA indriyo.nkA sa.nyog milAtA hai. nAnAprakArake vastrAdikakA,
bhojanAdikakA, puShpAdikakA, mandir-AbhUShaNAdikakA tathA gAn-vAditrAdikakA sa.nyog milAneke
artha bahut khedakhinna hotA hai.
tathA in indriyo.nke sanmukh viShay rahatA hai tab tak us viShayakA ki.nchit spaShTa
jAnapanA rahatA hai, pashchAt man dvArA smaraNamAtra rah jAtA hai. kAl vyatIt hone par smaraN
bhI ma.nd hotA jAtA hai, isalie un viShayo.nko apane AdhIn rakhanekA upAy karatA hai aur
shIghra-shIghra unakA grahaN kiyA karatA hai. tathA indriyo.nke to ek kAlame.n ek viShayakA hI
grahaN hotA hai, kintu yah bahut grahaN karanA chAhatA hai, isaliye Akulit hokar shIghra-
shIghra ek viShayako Cho.Dkar anyako grahaN karatA hai, tathA use Cho.Dkar anyako grahaN karatA
hai — aise jhapaTTe mAratA hai.
is prakAr jo upAy ise bhAsit hote hai.n so karatA hai, parantu ve jhUThe hai.n. kyo.nki
pratham to in sabakA aisA hI honA apane AdhIn nahI.n hai, mahAn kaThin hai; tathA kadAchit
uday anusAr aisI hI vidhi mil jAye to indriyo.nko prabal karanese kahI.n viShay-grahaNakI
shakti ba.DhtI nahI.n hai; vah shakti to j~nAn-darshan ba.DhAne par ba.DhtI hai so yah karmake kShayopashamake
AdhIn hai. kisIkA sharIr puShTa hai usake aisI shakti kam dekhI jAtI hai, kisIkA sharIr
durbal hai usake adhik dekhI jAtI hai. isalie bhojanAdi dvArA indriyA.N puShTa karanese kuCh
siddhi hai nahI.n. kaShAyAdi ghaTanese karmakA kShayopasham hone par j~nAn-darshan ba.Dhe tab viShayagrahaNakI
shakti ba.DhtI hai.
tathA viShayo.nkA jo sa.nyog milAtA hai vah bahut kAl tak nahI.n rahatA athavA sarva
viShayo.nkA sa.nyog milatA hI nahI.n hai, isaliye yah AkulatA banI hI rahatI hai. tathA un
viShayo.nko apane AdhIn rakhakar shIghra-shIghra grahaN karatA hai, kintu ve AdhIn rahate nahI.n hai.n.
ve bhinna dravya to apane AdhIn pariNamit hote hai.n yA karmodayake AdhIn hai.n. aise karmakA
bandha yathAyogya shubhabhAv hone par hotA hai aur pashchAt uday AtA hai vah pratyakSha dekhate
hai.n. anek upAy karane par bhI karmake nimitta binA sAmagrI nahI.n milatI.

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 49
tathA ek viShayako Cho.Dkar anyakA grahaN karatA hai – aise jhapaTTe mAratA hai usase kyA
siddhi hotI hai? jaise maNakI bhUkhavAleko kaN mile to kyA bhUkh miTatI hai? usI prakAr
jise sarvake grahaNakI ichChA hai use ek viShayakA grahaN hone par kyA ichChA miTatI hai?
ichChA miTe binA sukh nahI.n hotA, isalie yah upAy jhUThA hai.
koI pUChatA hai ki is upAyase kaI jIv sukhI hote dekhe jAte hai.n, sarvathA jhUTh
kaise kahate ho?
samAdhAnaH — sukhI to nahI.n hote hai.n, bhramase sukh mAnate hai.n. yadi sukhI hue ho.n to
anya viShayo.nkI ichChA kaise rahegI? jaise — rog miTane par anya auShadhiko kyo.n chAhe? usI
prakAr duHkh miTane par anya viShayo.nko kyo.n chAhe? isaliye viShayake grahaN dvArA ichChA ruk
jAye to ham sukh mAne.n. parantu jab tak jis viShayakA grahaN nahI.n hotA tab tak to
usakI ichChA rahatI hai aur jis samay usakA grahaN huA usI samay anya viShay-grahaNakI
ichChA hotI dekhI jAtI hai, to yah sukh mAnanA kaise hai? jaise koI mahA kShudhAvAn ra.nk
usako ek annakA kaN milA usakA bhakShaN karake chain mAne; usI prakAr yah mahA tR^iShNAvAn
usako ek viShayakA nimitta milA usakA grahaN karake sukh mAnatA hai, paramArthase sukh hai
nahI.n.
koI kahe ki jis prakAr kaN-kaN karake apanI bhUkh miTAye, usI prakAr ek-
ek viShayakA grahaN karake apanI ichChA pUrNa kare to doSh kyA?
uttaraH — yadi ve kaN ekatrit ho.n to aisA hI mAn le.n, parantu jab dUsarA kaN milatA
hai tab pahale kaNakA nirgaman ho jAye to kaise bhUkh miTegI? usI prakAr jAnaneme.n viShayo.nkA
grahaN ekatrit hotA jAye to ichChA pUrNa ho jAye, parantu jab dUsarA viShay grahaN karatA
hai tab pUrvame.n jo viShay grahaN kiyA thA usakA jAnanA nahI.n rahatA, to kaise ichChA pUrNa
ho? ichChA pUrNa hue binA AkulatA miTatI nahI.n hai aur AkulatA miTe binA sukh kaise
kahA jAy?
tathA ek viShayakA grahaN bhI mithyAdarshanAdikake sadbhAvapUrvak karatA hai, isaliye
AgAmI anek duHkho.nkA kAraN karma ba.Ndhate hai.n. isaliye yah varttamAname.n sukh nahI.n hai, AgAmI
sukhakA kAraN nahI.n hai, isaliye duHkh hI hai. yahI pravachanasArame.n kahA hai —
sapara.n bAdhAsahiya.n vichChiNNa.n ba.ndhakAraNa.n visama.n.
ja.n i.ndiehi.n laddha.n ta.n sokkha.n dukkhamev tahA..76..

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50 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
arthaH — jo indriyo.nse prApta kiyA sukh hai vah parAdhIn hai, bAdhAsahit hai, vinAshIk
hai, bandhakA kAraN hai, viSham hai; so aisA sukh is prakAr duHkh hI hai.
is prakAr is sa.nsArI jIv dvArA kiye upAy jhUThe jAnanA.
to sachchA upAy kyA hai? jab ichChA to dUr ho jAye aur sarva viShayo.nkA yugapat
grahaN banA rahe tab yah duHkh miTe. so ichChA to moh jAne par miTe aur sabakA yugapat
grahaN kevalaj~nAn hone par ho. inakA upAy samyagdarshanAdik hai aur vahI sachchA upAy
jAnanA.
is prakAr to mohake nimittase j~nAnAvaraN-darshanAvaraNakA kShayopasham bhI duHkhadAyak hai,
usakA varNan kiyA.
yahA.N koI kahe ki — j~nAnAvaraN-darshanAvaraNake udayase jAnanA nahI.n huA, isaliye use
duHkhakA kAraN kaho; kShayopashamako kyo.n kahate ho?
samAdhAn : — yadi jAnanA na honA duHkhakA kAraN ho to pudgalake bhI duHkh Thahare,
parantu duHkhakA mUlakAraN to ichChA hai aur ichChA kShayopashamase hI hotI hai, isaliye kShayopashamako
duHkhakA kAraN kahA hai; paramArthase kShayopasham bhI duHkhakA kAraN nahI.n hai. jo mohase viShay-
grahaNakI ichChA hai, vahI duHkhakA kAraN jAnanA.
mohanIy karmake udayase honevAlA duHkh aur usase nivR^itti
mohakA uday hai so duHkharUp hI hai, kis prakAr so kahate hai.nH —
darshanamohase duHkh aur usase nivR^itti
pratham to darshanamohake udayase mithyAdarshan hotA hai; usake dvArA jaisA isake shraddhAn
hai vaisA to padArtha hotA nahI.n hai, jaisA padArtha hai vaisA yah mAnatA nahI.n hai, isaliye isako
AkulatA hI rahatI hai.
jaise — pAgalako kisIne vastra pahinA diyA. vah pAgal us vastrako apanA a.ng
jAnakar apaneko aur vastrako ek mAnatA hai. vah vastra pahinAnevAleke AdhIn honese kabhI
vah phA.DtA hai, kabhI jo.DtA hai, kabhI kho.nsatA hai, kabhI nayA pahinAtA hai — ityAdi charitra
karatA hai. vah pAgal use apane AdhIn mAnatA hai, usakI parAdhIn kriyA hotI hai, usase
vah mahA khedakhinna hotA hai. usI prakAr is jIvako karmodayane sharIr-sambandha karAyA. yah
jIv us sharIrako apanA a.ng jAnakar apaneko aur sharIrako ek mAnatA hai. vah sharIr
karmake AdhIn kabhI kR^iSh hotA hai, kabhI sthUl hotA hai, kabhI naShTa hotA hai, kabhI navIn

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 51
utpanna hotA hai — ityAdi charitra hote hai.n. yah jIv use apane AdhIn mAnatA hai, usakI
parAdhIn kriyA hotI hai, usase mahA khedakhinna hotA hai.
tathA jaise — jahA.N vah pAgal ThaharA thA vahA.N manuShya, gho.DA, dhanAdik kahI.nse Akar
utare, vah pAgal unhe.n apanA jAnatA hai. ve to unhI.nke AdhIn koI Ate hai.n, koI jAte
hai; koI anek avasthArUp pariNaman karate hai.n; vah pAgal unhe.n apane AdhIn mAnatA hai,
unakI parAdhIn kriyA ho tab khedakhinna hotA hai. usI prakAr yah jIv jahA.N paryAy dhAraN
karatA hai vahA.N svayamev putra, gho.DA, dhanAdik kahI.nse Akar prApta hue, yah jIv unhe.n apanA
jAnatA hai. ve to unhI.nke AdhIn koI Ate hai.n, koI jAte hai.n, koI anek avasthArUp
pariNaman karate hai.n; yah jIv unhe.n apane AdhIn mAnatA hai, aur unakI parAdhIn kriyA ho
tab khedakhinna hotA hai.
yahA.N koI kahe ki — kisI kAlame.n sharIrakI tathA putrAdikakI kriyA is jIvake AdhIn
bhI to hotI dikhAI detI hai, tab to yah sukhI hotA hai?
samAdhAnaH — sharIrAdikake bhavitavyakI aur jIvakI ichChAkI vidhi milane par kisI
ek prakAr jaise vah chAhatA hai vaise koI pariNamit hotA hai, isaliye kisI kAlame.n usIkA
vichAr hone par sukhakAsA AbhAs hotA hai; parantu sarva hI to sarva prakArase jaise yah chAhatA
hai vaise pariNamit nahI.n hote, isaliye abhiprAyame.n to anek AkulatA sadAkAl rahA hI karatI
hai.
tathA kisI kAlame.n kisI prakAr ichChAnusAr pariNamit hote dekhakar kahI.n yah jIv
sharIr, putrAdikame.n aha.nkAr-mamakAr karatA hai; so is buddhise unako utpanna karanekI, ba.DhAnekI,
tathA rakShA karanekI chi.ntAse nirantar vyAkul rahatA hai. nAnA prakAr kaShTa sahakar bhI unakA
bhalA chAhatA hai.
tathA jo viShayo.nkI ichChA hotI hai, kaShAy hotI hai, bAhya-sAmagrIme.n iShTa-aniShTapanA mAnatA
hai, anyathA upAy karatA hai, sachche upAyakI shraddhA nahI.n karatA, anyathA kalpanA karatA hai;
so in sabakA mUlakAraN ek mithyAdarshan hai. usakA nAsh hone par sabakA nAsh ho jAtA
hai, isaliye sab duHkho.nkA mUl yah mithyAdarshan hai.
tathA us mithyAdarshanake nAshakA upAy bhI nahI.n karatA. anyathA shraddhAnako satyashraddhAn
mAne tab upAy kisaliye kare?
tathA sa.nj~nI pa.nchendriy kadAchit tattvanishchay karanekA upAy vichAre, vahA.N abhAgyase kudev-

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52 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
kuguru-kushAstrakA nimitta bane to atattvashraddhAn puShTa ho jAtA hai. vah to jAnatA hai ki
inase merA bhalA hogA; parantu ve aisA upAy karate hai.n jisase yah achet ho jAya.
vastusvarUpakA vichAr karaneko udyamI huA thA so viparIt vichArame.n dR^i.Dh.h.h ho jAtA hai aur
tab viShay-kaShAyakI vAsanA ba.Dhnese adhik duHkhI hotA hai.
tathA kadAchit sudev-suguru-sushAstrakA bhI nimitta ban jAye to vahA.N unake nishchay-
upadeshakA to shraddhAn nahI.n karatA, vyavahArashraddhAnase atattvashraddhAnI hI rahatA hai. vahA.N ma.ndakaShAy
ho tathA viShayakI ichChA ghaTe to tho.DA duHkhI hotA hai, parantu phi ra jaisekA taisA ho jAtA
hai; isaliye yah sa.nsArI jo upAy karatA hai ve bhI jhUThe hI hote hai.n.
tathA is sa.nsArIke ek yah upAy hai ki svaya.nko jaisA shraddhAn hai usI prakAr padArtho.nko
pariNamit karanA chAhatA hai. yadi ve pariNamit ho.n to isakA sachchA shraddhAn ho jAye. parantu
anAdinidhan vastue.N bhinna-bhinna apanI maryAdA sahit pariNamit hotI hai.n, koI kisIke AdhIn
nahI.n hai.n, koI kisIke pariNamit karAnese pariNamit nahI.n hotI.n. unhe.n pariNamit karAnA chAhe
vah koI upAy nahI.n hai, vah to mithyAdarshan hI hai.
to sachchA upAy kyA hai? jaisA padArtho.nkA svarUp hai vaisA shraddhAn ho jAye to sarva
duHkh dUr ho jAye.n. jis prakAr koI mohit hokar murdeko jIvit mAne yA jilAnA chAhe
to Ap hI duHkhI hotA hai. tathA use murdA mAnanA aur yah jilAnese jiyegA nahI.n aisA
mAnanA so hI us duHkhake dUr honekA upAy hai. usI prakAr mithyAdR^iShTi hokar padArtho.nko
anyathA mAne, anyathA pariNamit karanA chAhe to Ap hI duHkhI hotA hai. tathA unhe.n yathArtha
mAnanA aur yah pariNamit karAnese anyathA pariNamit nahI.n ho.nge aisA mAnanA so hI us
duHkhake dUr honekA upAy hai. bhramajanit duHkhakA upAy bhram dUr karanA hI hai. so bhram
dUr honese samyakshraddhAn hotA hai, vahI satya upAy jAnanA.
chAritramohase duHkh aur usase nivR^itti
chAritramohake udayase krodhAdi kaShAyarUp tathA hAsyAdi nokaShAyarUp jIvake bhAv hote
hai.n, tab yah jIv kleshavAn hokar duHkhI hotA huA vihval hokar nAnAprakArake kukAryo.nme.n
pravartatA hai. so hI dikhAte hai.nH —
jab isake krodh kaShAy utpanna hotI hai tab dUsarekA burA karanekI ichChA hotI hai
aur usake artha anek upAy vichAratA hai, marmachChedI gAlI pradAnAdirUp vachan bolatA hai.

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 53
apane a.ngo.nse tathA shastra-pAShANAdikase ghAt karatA hai. anek kaShTa sahanakar tathA dhanAdi
kharcha karake va maraNAdi dvArA apanA bhI burA karake anyakA burA karanekA udyam karatA hai
athavA auro.nse burA honA jAne to auro.nse burA karAtA hai. svaya.n hI usakA burA hotA
ho to anumodan karatA hai. usakA burA honese apanA kuCh bhI prayojan siddha na ho tathApi
usakA burA karatA hai. tathA krodh hone par koI pUjya yA iShTajan bhI bIchame.n Aye.n to
unhe.n bhI burA kahatA hai, mArane lag jAtA hai, kuCh vichAr nahI.n rahatA. tathA anyakA burA
na ho to apane a.ntara.ngame.n Ap hI bahut sa.ntApavAn hotA hai aur apane hI a.ngo.nkA ghAt
karatA hai tathA viShAdise mar jAtA hai. — aisI avasthA krodh honese hotI hai.
tathA jab isake mAn kaShAy utpanna hotI hai tab auro.nko nIchA va apaneko U.NchA
dikhAnekI ichChA hotI hai aur usake artha anek upAy sochatA hai. anyakI ni.ndA karatA
hai, apanI prasha.nsA karatA hai va anek prakArase auro.nkI mahimA miTAtA hai, apanI mahimA karatA
hai. mahAkaShTase jo dhanAdikakA sa.ngrah kiyA use vivAhAdi kAryo.nme.n kharcha karatA hai tathA karja
lekar bhI kharchatA hai. maraneke bAd hamArA yash rahegA aisA vichArakar apanA maraN karake
bhI apanI mahimA ba.DhAtA hai. yadi koI apanA sanmAnAdik na kare to use bhayAdik dikhAkar
duHkh utpanna karake apanA sanmAn karAtA hai. tathA mAn hone par koI pUjya – ba.De ho.n unakA
bhI sanmAn nahI.n karatA, kuCh vichAr nahI.n rahatA. yadi anya nIchA aur svaya.n U.NchA dikhAI
na de, to apane a.ntara.ngame.n Ap bahut sa.ntApavAn hotA hai aur apane a.ngo.nkA ghAt karatA
hai tathA viSh Adise mar jAtA hai. — aisI avasthA mAn hone par hotI hai.
tathA jab isake mAyA kaShAy utpanna hotI hai tab Chal dvArA kArya siddha karanekI
ichChA hotI hai. usake artha anek upAy sochatA hai, nAnAprakAr kapaTake vachan kahatA hai,
sharIrakI kapaTarUp avasthA karatA hai, bAhya vastuo.nko anyathA batalAtA hai, tathA jiname.n apanA
maraN jAne aise bhI Chal karatA hai. kapaT pragaT hone par svaya.nkA bahut burA ho, maraNAdik
ho unako bhI nahI.n ginatA. tathA mAyA hone par kisI pUjya va iShTakA bhI sambandha bane
to unase bhI Chal karatA hai, kuCh vichAr nahI.n rahatA. yadi Chal dvArA kAryasiddhi na ho
to svaya.n bahut sa.ntApavAn hotA hai, apane a.ngo.nkA ghAt karatA hai tathA viSh Adise mar
jAtA hai. — aisI avasthA mAyA hone par hotI hai.
tathA jab isake lobh kaShAy utpanna ho tab iShTa padArthake lAbhakI ichChA honese usake
artha anek upAy sochatA hai. usake sAdhanarUp vachan bolatA hai, sharIrakI anek cheShTA karatA

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54 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
hai, bahut kaShTa sahatA hai, sevA karatA hai, videshagaman karatA hai. jisame.n maraN honA jAne
vah kArya bhI karatA hai. jiname.n bahut duHkh utpanna ho aise prArambha karatA hai. tathA lobh
hone par pUjya va iShTakA bhI kArya ho vahA.N bhI apanA prayojan sAdhatA hai, kuCh vichAr nahI.n
rahatA. tathA jis iShTa vastukI prApta huI hai usakI anek prakArase rakShA karatA hai. yadi
iShTa vastukI prApti na ho yA iShTakA viyog ho to svaya.n sa.ntApavAn hotA hai, apane a.ngo.nkA
ghAt karatA hai tathA viSh Adise mar jAtA hai. — aisI avasthA lobh hone par hotI hai.
is prakAr kaShAyo.nse pI.Dit huA in avasthAo.nme.n pravartatA hai.
tathA in kaShAyo.nke sAth nokaShAy hotI hai.n. vahA.N jab hAsya kaShAy hotI hai tab
svaya.n vikasit praphu llit hotA hai; vah aisA jAnanA jaise sannipAtake rogIkA ha.NsanA; nAnA
rogo.nse svaya.n pI.Dit hai to bhI koI kalpanA karake ha.Nsane lag jAtA hai. isI prakAr yah
jIv anek pI.DA sahit hai; tathApi koI jhUThI kalpanA karake apaneko suhAtA kArya mAnakar
harSha mAnatA hai, paramArthataH duHkhI hotA hai. sukhI to kaShAy-rog miTane par hogA.
tathA jab rati utpanna hotI hai tab iShTa vastume.n ati Asakta hotA hai. jaise billI
chUheko paka.Dkar Asakta hotI hai, koI mAre to bhI nahI.n Cho.DtI; so yahA.N kaThinatAse prApta
honeke kAraN tathA viyog honeke abhiprAyase AsaktatA hotI hai, isaliye duHkh hI hai.
tathA jab arati utpanna hotI hai tab aniShTa vastukA sa.nyog pAkar mahA vyAkul hotA
hai. aniShTakA sa.nyog huA vah svaya.nko suhAtA nahI.n hai, vah pI.DA sahI nahI.n jAtI, isaliye
usakA viyog karaneko ta.DpatA hai; vah duHkh hI hai.
tathA jab shok utpanna hotA hai tab iShTakA viyog aur aniShTakA sa.nyog honese ati
vyAkul hokar sa.ntAp paidA karatA hai, rotA hai, pukAr karatA hai, asAvadhAn ho jAtA hai,
apane a.ngakA ghAt karake mar jAtA hai; kuCh siddhi nahI.n hai tathApi svaya.n hI mahA duHkhI
hotA hai.
tathA jab bhay utpanna hotA hai tab kisIko iShTa-viyog va aniShTa-sa.nyogakA kAraN
jAnakar DaratA hai, ativihval hotA hai, bhAgatA hai, ChipatA hai, shithil ho jAtA hai, kaShTa
honeke sthAn par pahu.Nch jAtA hai va mar jAtA hai; so yah duHkharUp hI hai.
tathA jab jugupsA utpanna hotI hai tab aniShTa vastuse ghR^iNA karatA hai. usakA to
sa.nyog huA aur yah ghR^iNA karake bhAganA chAhatA hai yA use dUr karanA chAhatA hai aur
khedakhinna hokar mahA duHkh pAtA hai.

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 55
tathA tIno.n vedo.nse jab kAm utpanna hotA hai tab puruShavedase strIke sAth ramaN karanekI,
strIvedase puruShake sAth ramaN karanekI aur napu.nsakavedase dono.nke sAth ramaN karanekI ichChA
hotI hai. usase ati vyAkul hotA hai, AtAp utpanna hotA hai, nirlajja hotA hai, dhan kharcha
karatA hai, apayashako nahI.n ginatA, paramparA duHkh ho va daNDa Adi ho use nahI.n ginatA.
kAmapI.DAse pAgal ho jAtA hai, mar jAtA hai. rasagrantho.nme.n kAmakI das dashAe.N kahI hai.n.
vahA.N pAgal honA, maraN honA likhA hai. vaidyakashAstro.nme.n jvarake bhedo.nme.n kAmajvarako maraNakA
kAraN likhA hai. pratyakSha hI kAmase maraN tak hote dekhe jAte hai.n. kAmA.ndhako kuCh vichAr
nahI.n rahatA. pitA putrI tathA manuShya tirya.nchinI ityAdise ramaN karane lag jAte hai.n. aisI
kAmakI pI.DA hai so mahAduHkharUp hai.
is prakAr kaShAyo.n aur nokaShAyo.nse avasthAe.N hotI hai.n.
yahA.N aisA vichAr AtA hai ki yadi in avasthAo.nme.n na pravarte to krodhAdik pI.DA
utpanna karate hai.n aur in avasthAo.nme.n pravarte to maraNaparyanta kaShTa hote hai.n. vahA.N maraNaparyanta
kaShTa to svIkAr karate hai.n, parantu krodhAdikakI pI.DA sahanA svIkAr nahI.n karate. isase yah
nishchit huA ki maraNAdikase bhI kaShAyo.nkI pI.DA adhik hai.
tathA jab isake kaShAyakA uday ho tab kaShAy kiye binA rahA nahI.n jAtA.
bAhyakaShAyo.nke kAraN mile.n to unake Ashray kaShAy karatA hai, yadi na mile.n to svaya.n kAraN
banAtA hai. jaise — vyApArAdi kaShAyo.nkA kAraN na ho to juA khelanA va krodhAdikake kAraN
anya anek khel khelanA, duShTa kathA kahanA-sunanA ityAdi kAraN banAtA hai. tathA kAm-
krodhAdi pI.DA kare.n aur sharIrame.n unarUp kArya karanekI shakti na ho to auShadhi banAtA hai
aur anya anek upAy karatA hai. tathA koI kAraN bane hI nahI.n to apane upayogame.n
kaShAyo.nke kAraNabhUt padArtho.nkA chi.ntavan karake svaya.n hI kaShAyo.nrUp pariNamit hotA hai.
is prakAr yah jIv kaShAyabhAvo.nse pI.Dit huA mahAn duHkhI hotA hai.
tathA jis prayojanake liye kaShAyabhAv huA hai us prayojanakI siddhi ho to merA
yah duHkh dUr ho aur mujhe sukh ho — aisA vichArakar us prayojan siddhi honeke artha anek
upAy karanA use duHkhake dUr honekA upAy mAnatA hai.
ab yahA.N kaShAyabhAvo.nse jo duHkh hotA hai vah to sachchA hI hai, pratyakSha svaya.n hI
duHkhI hotA hai; parantu yah jo upAy karatA hai ve jhUThe hai.n. kyo.n? so kahate hai.nH —
krodhame.n to anyakA burA karanA, mAname.n auro.nko nIchA dikhAkar svaya.n U.NchA honA, mAyAme.n

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56 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
Chalase kAryasiddhi karanA, lobhame.n iShTakI prApti karanA, hAsyame.n vikasit honekA kAraN banA
rahanA, ratime.n iShTa sa.nyogakA banA rahanA, aratime.n aniShTakA dUr honA, shokame.n shokakA kAraN
miTanA, bhayame.n bhayakA kAraN miTanA, jugupsAme.n jugupsAkA kAraN dUr honA, puruShavedame.n strIse
ramaN karanA, strIvedame.n puruShase ramaN karanA, napu.nsakavedame.n dono.nke sAth ramaN karanA — aise
prayojan pAye jAte hai.n.
yadi inakI siddhi ho to kaShAyakA upashaman honese duHkh dUr ho jAye, sukhI ho;
parantu unakI siddhi isake kiye upAyo.nke AdhIn nahI.n hai, bhavitavyake AdhIn hai; kyo.nki
anek upAy karate hai.n, parantu siddhi nahI.n hotI. tathA upAy honA bhI apane AdhIn nahI.n
hai, bhavitavyake AdhIn hai; kyo.nki anek upAy karanekA vichAr karatA hai aur ek bhI
upAy nahI.n hotA dekhate hai.n.
tathA kAkatAlIy nyAyase bhavitavya aisA hI ho jaisA apanA prayojan ho, vaisA hI
upAy ho, aur usase kAryakI siddhi bhI ho jAye — to us kArya sambandhI kisI kaShAyakA
upasham ho; parantu vahA.N rukAv nahI.n hotA. jab tak kArya siddha nahI.n huA thA tab tak
to us kArya sambandhI kaShAy thI; aur jis samay kArya siddha huA usI samay anya kArya
sambandhI kaShAy ho jAtI hai.n, ek samayamAtra bhI nirAkul nahI.n rahatA. jaise koI krodhase
kisIkA burA sochatA thA aur usakA burA ho chukA, tab anya par krodh karake usakA
burA chAhane lagA. athavA tho.DI shakti thI tab ChoTo.nkA burA chAhatA thA, bahut shakti huI
tab ba.Do.nkA burA chAhane lagA. usI prakAr mAn-mAyA-lobhAdik dvArA jo kArya sochatA thA
vah siddha ho chukA tab anyame.n mAnAdik utpanna karake usakI siddhi karanA chAhatA hai. tho.DI
shakti thI tab ChoTe kAryakI siddhi karanA chAhatA thA, bahut shakti huI tab ba.De kAryakI
siddhi karanekI abhilAShA huI. kaShAyo.nme.n kAryakA pramAN ho to us kAryakI siddhi hone
par sukhI ho jAye; parantu pramAN hai nahI.n, ichChA ba.DhtI hI jAtI hai.
yahI AtmAnushAsaname.n kahA haiH —
AshAgartaH pratiprANI yasmin vishvamaNUpamam.
kasya ki.n kiyadAyAti vR^ithA vo viShayaiShitA..36..
arthaH — AshArUpI gaDDhA pratyek prANIme.n pAyA jAtA hai. anantAnanta jIv hai.n un sabake
AshA pAyI jAtI hai. tathA vah AshArUpI kUp kaisA hai ki us ek gaDDheme.n samasta lok
aNu samAn hai aur lok to ek hI hai to ab yahA.N kaho kisako kitanA hisseme.n Aye?
isaliye tumhe.n jo yah viShayo.nkI ichChA hai so vR^ithA hI hai.

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 57
ichChA pUrNa to hotI nahI.n hai, isaliye koI kArya siddha hone par bhI duHkh dUr nahI.n
hotA. athavA koI kaShAy miTe to usIsamay anya kaShAy ho jAtI hai. jaise — kisIko
mAranevAle bahut ho.n to koI ek jab nahI.n mAratA tab anya mArane lag jAtA hai. usI
prakAr jIvako duHkh denevAle anek kaShAy hai.n; va jab krodh nahI.n hotA tab mAnAdik ho
jAte hai.n, jab mAn na ho tab krodhAdik ho jAte hai.n. is prakAr kaShAyakA sadbhAv banA
hI rahatA hai, koI ek samay bhI kaShAy rahit nahI.n hotA. isaliye kisI kaShAyakA koI
kArya siddha hone par bhI duHkh kaise dUr ho? aur isakA abhiprAy to sarva kaShAyo.nkA sarva
prayojan siddha karanekA hai, vah ho to yah sukhI ho; parantu vah kadApi nahI.n ho sakatA,
isaliye abhiprAyame.n sarvadA duHkhI hI rahatA hai. isaliye kaShAyo.nke prayojanako sAdhakar duHkh
dUr karake sukhI honA chAhatA hai; so yah upAy jhUThA hI hai.
tab sachchA upAy kyA hai? samyagdarshan — j~nAnase yathAvat shraddhAn aur jAnanA ho tab
iShTa-aniShTa buddhi miTe, tathA unhI.nke balase chAritramohakA anubhAg hIn ho. aisA hone par
kaShAyo.nkA abhAv ho, tab unakI pI.DA dUr ho aur tab prayojan bhI kuCh nahI.n rahe, nirAkul
honese mahA sukhI ho. isaliye samyagdarshanAdik hI yah duHkh meTanekA sachchA upAy hai.
antarAyakarmake udayase honevAle duHkh aur usase nivR^itti
tathA jIvake moh dvArA dAn, lAbh, bhog, upabhog, vIryashaktikA utsAh utpanna hotA
hai; parantu antarAyake udayase ho nahI.n sakatA, tab param AkulatA hotI hai. so yah duHkharUp
hai hI.
isakA upAy yah karatA hai ki jo vighnake bAhya kAraN sUjhate hai.n unhe.n dUr karanekA
udyam karatA hai, parantu vah upAy jhUThA hai. upAy karane par bhI antarAyakA uday honese
vighna hotA dekhA jAtA hai. antarAyakA kShayopasham hone par binA upAy bhI vighna nahI.n hotA.
isaliye vighno.nkA mUl kAraN antarAy hai.
tathA jaise kutteko puruSh dvArA mArI huI lAThI lagI, vahA.N vah kuttA lAThIse vR^ithA
hI dveSh karatA hai; usI prakAr jIvako antarAyase nimittabhUt kiye gaye bAhya chetan-achetan
dravyo.n dvArA vighna hue, yah jIv un bAhya dravyo.nse vR^ithA dveSh karatA hai. anya dravya ise
vighna karanA chAhe.n aur isake na ho; tathA anya dravya vighna karanA na chAhe.n aur isake ho
jAye. isaliye jAnA jAtA hai ki anya dravyakA kuCh vash nahI.n hai. jinakA vash nahI.n
hai unase kisaliye la.De? isaliye yah upAy jhUThA hai.

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58 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
tab sachchA upAy kyA hai? mithyAdarshanAdikase ichChA dvArA jo utsAh utpanna hotA thA
vah samyagdarshanAdikase dUr hotA hai aur samyagdarshanAdi dvArA hI antarAyakA anubhAg ghaTe tab
ichChA to miT jAye aur shakti ba.Dh.h.h jAye, tab vah duHkh dUr hokar nirAkul sukh utpanna
hotA hai. isaliye samyagdarshanAdi hI sachchA upAy hai.
vedanIyakarmake udayake honevAlA duHkh aur usase nivR^itti
tathA vedanIyake udayase duHkh-sukhake kAraNo.nkA sa.nyog hotA hai. vahA.N kaI to sharIrame.n
hI avasthAe.N hotI hai.n, kaI sharIrakI avasthAko nimittabhUt bAhya sa.nyog hote hai.n, aur kaI
bAhya hI vastuo.nke sa.nyog hote hai.n. vahA.N asAtAke udayase sharIrame.n to kShudhA, tR^iShA, uchChvAs,
pI.DA, rog ityAdi hote hai.n; tathA sharIrakI aniShTa avasthAko nimittabhUt bAhya ati shIt,
uShNa, pavan, ba.ndhanAdikakA sa.nyog hotA hai; tathA bAhya shatru, kuputrAdik va kuvarNAdik sahit
skandho.nkA sa.nyog hotA hai — so moh dvArA iname.n aniShTa buddhi hotI hai. jab inakA uday
ho tab mohakA uday aisA hI Ave jisase pariNAmo.nme.n mahA vyAkul hokar inhe.n dUr karanA
chAhe, aur jab tak ve dUr na ho.n tab tak duHkhI rahatA hai. inake honese to sabhI duHkh
mAnate hai.n.
tathA sAtAke udayase sharIrame.n ArogyavAnapanA, balavAnapanA ityAdi hote hai.n; aur
sharIrakI iShTa avasthAko nimittabhUt bAhya khAn-pAnAdik tathA suhAvane pavanAdikakA sa.nyog hotA
hai; tathA bAhya mitra, suputra, strI, ki.nkar, hAthI, gho.DA, dhan, dhAnya, makAn, vastrAdikakA sa.nyog
hotA hai — aur moh dvArA iname.n iShTabuddhi hotI hai. jab inakA uday ho tab mohakA uday
aisA hI Aye ki jisase pariNAmo.nme.n sukh mAne, unakI rakShA chAhe, jab tak rahe.n tab tak
sukh mAne. so yah sukh mAnanA aisA hai jaise koI anek rogo.nse bahut pI.Dit ho rahA
thA, usake kisI upachArase kisI ek rogakI kuCh kAlake liye kuCh upashAntatA huI, tab
vah pUrva avasthAkI apekShA apaneko sukhI kahatA hai; paramArthase sukh hai nahI.n.
tathA isake asAtAkA uday hone par jo ho usase to duHkh bhAsit hotA hai, isaliye
use dUr karanekA upAy karatA hai; aur sAtAke uday hone par jo ho usase sukh bhAsit
hotA hai, isaliye use rakhanekA upAy karatA hai — parantu yah upAy jhUThA hai.
pratham to isake upAyake AdhIn nahI.n hai, vedanIy karmake udayake AdhIn hai.
asAtAko miTAne aur sAtAko prApta karaneke artha to sabhIkA yatna rahatA hai; parantu kisIko
tho.DA yatna karane par bhI athavA na karane par bhI siddhi ho jAye, kisIko bahut yatna karane

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 59
par bhI siddhi nahI.n ho; isaliye jAnA jAtA hai ki isakA upAy isake AdhIn nahI.n hai.
tathA kadAchit upAy bhI kare aur vaisA hI uday Aye to tho.De kAl tak ki.nchit
kisI prakArakI asAtAkA kAraN miTe aur sAtAkA kAraN ho; vahA.N bhI mohake sadbhAvase
unako bhoganekI ichChAse Akulit hotA hai. ek bhogya vastuko bhoganekI ichChA ho, jab
tak vah nahI.n milatI tab tak to usakI ichChAse Akul hotA hai; aur vah milI usI
samay anyako bhoganekI ichChA ho jAtI hai, tab usase Akul hotA hai. jaise — kisIko
svAd lenekI ichChA huI thI, usakA AsvAd jis samay huA usI samay anya vastukA svAd
lenekI tathA sparshanAdikI ichChA utpanna hotI hai.
athavA ek hI vastuko pahale anya prakAr bhoganekI ichChA ho, jab tak vah nahI.n
mile tab tak usakI AkulatA rahe aur vah bhog huA usI samay anya prakArase bhoganekI
ichChA ho jAtI hai. jaise strIko dekhanA chAhatA thA, jis samay avalokan huA usI samay
ramaN karanekI ichChA hotI hai. tathA aise bhog bhogate hue bhI unake anya upAy karanekI
AkulatA hotI hai to unhe.n Cho.Dkar anya upAy karaneme.n lag jAtA hai; vahA.N anek prakArakI
AkulatA hotI hai.
dekho, ek dhanakA upAy karaneme.n vyApArAdik karate hue tathA usakI rakShA karaneme.n
sAvadhAnI karate hue kitanI AkulatA hotI hai. tathA kShudhA, tR^iShA, shIt, uShNa, mal, shleShmAdi
asAtAkA uday AtA hI rahe; usake nirAkaraNase sukh mAne — so kAhekA sukh hai? yah
to rogakA pratikAr hai. jab tak kShudhAdik rahe.n tab tak unako miTAnekI ichChAse AkulatA
hotI hai, vah miTe.n tab koI anya ichChA utpanna ho usakI AkulatA hotI hai aur phi ra
kShudhAdik ho.n tab unakI AkulatA ho AtI hai.
is prakAr isake upAy karate hue kadAchit asAtA miTakar sAtA ho, vahA.N bhI
AkulatA banI hI rahatI hai, isaliye duHkh hI rahatA hai.
tathA aise bhI rahanA to hotA nahI.n hai, upAy karate-karate hI apaneko asAtAkA uday
aisA Aye ki usakA kuCh upAy ban nahI.n sake aur usakI pI.DA ho, sahI na jAye, tab
usakI AkulatAse vihval ho jAye; vahA.N mahA duHkhI hotA hai.
so is sa.nsArame.n sAtAkA uday to kisI puNyake udayase kisIke kadAchit hI pAyA
jAtA hai; bahut jIvo.nke bahut kAl asAtAhIkA uday rahatA hai. isaliye upAy karatA
hai ve jhUThe hai.n.

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athavA bAhya sAmagrIse sukh-duHkh mAnate hai.n so hI bhram hai. sukh-duHkh to sAtA-asAtAkA
uday hone par mohake nimittase hote hai.n — aisA pratyakSha dekhaneme.n AtA hai. lakSha dhanake dhanIko
sahasra dhanakA vyay huA tab vah to duHkhI hai aur shat dhanake dhanIko sahasra dhan huA tab
vah sukh mAnatA hai. bAhya sAmagrI to usake isase ninyAnavegunI hai. athavA lakSha dhanake dhanIko
adhik dhanakI ichChA hai to vah duHkhI hai aur shat dhanake dhanIko santoSh hai to vah sukhI
hai. tathA samAn vastu milane par koI sukh mAnatA hai koI duHkh mAnatA hai. jaise — kisIko
moTe vastrakA milanA duHkhakArI hotA hai, kisIko sukhakArI hotA hai. tathA sharIrame.n kShudhA Adi
pI.DA va bAhya iShTakA viyog, aniShTakA sa.nyog hone par kisIko bahut duHkh hotA hai, kisIko
tho.DA hotA hai, kisIko nahI.n hotA. isaliye sAmagrIke AdhIn sukh-duHkh nahI.n hai.n, sAtA-
asAtAkA uday hone par moh-pariNamanake nimittase hI sukh-duHkh mAnate hai.n.
yahA.N prashna hai ki — bAhya sAmagrIkA to tum kahate ho vaisA hI hai; parantu sharIrame.n
to pI.DA hone par duHkhI hotA hI hai aur pI.DA na hone par sukhI hotA hai — yah to
sharIr-avasthAhIke AdhIn sukh-duHkh bhAsit hote hai.n?
samAdhAnaH — AtmAkA to j~nAn indriyAdhIn hai aur indriyA.N sharIrakA a~N.hga hai.n, isaliye
isame.n jo avasthA ho use jAnanerUp j~nAn pariNamit hotA hai; usake sAth hI mohabhAv ho,
usase sharIrakI avasthA dvArA sukh-duHkh visheSh jAnA jAtA hai. tathA putra dhanAdikase adhik
moh ho to apane sharIrakA kaShTa sahe usakA tho.DA duHkh mAne, aur unako duHkh hone par
athavA unakA sa.nyog miTane par bahut duHkh mAne; aur muni hai.n ve sharIrako pI.DA hone
par bhI kuCh duHkh nahI.n mAnate; isaliye sukh-duHkhakA mAnanA to mohahIke AdhIn hai. mohake
aur vedanIyake nimitta-naimittik sambandha hai, isaliye sAtA-asAtA ke udayase sukh-duHkhakA
honA bhAsit hotA hai. tathA mukhyataH kitanI hI sAmagrI sAtAke udayase hotI hai, kitanI
hI asAtAke udayase hotI hai; isaliye sAmagriyo.nse sukh-duHkh bhAsit hote hai.n. parantu nirdhAr
karane par moh hI se sukh-duHkh kA mAnanA hotA hai, auro.nke dvArA sukh-duHkh honekA niyam
nahI.n hai. kevalIke sAtA-asAtAkA uday bhI hai aur sukh-duHkhake kAraN sAmagrIkA sa.nyog
bhI hai; parantu mohake abhAvase ki.nchitmAtra bhI sukh-duHkh nahI.n hotA. isaliye sukh-duHkh
ko mohajanit hI mAnanA. isaliye tU sAmagrIko dUr karanekA yA honekA upAy karake duHkh
miTAnA chAhe aur sukhI honA chAhe so yah upAy jhUThA hai.
to sachchA upAy kyA hai? samyagdarshanAdikase bhram dUr ho tab sAmagrIse sukh-duHkh bhAsit
nahI.n hotA, apane pariNAmahIse bhAsit hotA hai. tathA yathArtha vichArake abhyAs dvArA apane

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 61
pariNAm jaise sAmagrIke nimittase sukhI-duHkhI na ho.n vaise sAdhan kare tathA samyagdarshanAdikI
bhAvanAsehI moh ma.nd ho jAye tab aisI dashA ho jAye ki anek kAraN milane par bhI
apaneko sukh-duHkh nahI.n hotA; tab ek shA.ntadashArUp nirAkul hokar sachche sukhakA anubhav
karatA hai, aur tab sarva duHkh miTakar sukhI hotA hai — yah sachchA upAy hai.
Ayukarmake udayase honevAlA duHkh aur usase nivR^itti
tathA Ayukarmake nimittase paryAyakA dhAraN karanA so jIvitavya hai aur paryAyakA ChUTanA
so maraN hai. yah jIv mithyAdarshanAdikase paryAyako hI apanerUp anubhav karatA hai; isalie
jIvitavya rahane par apanA astitva mAnatA hai aur maraN hone par apanA abhAv honA mAnatA
hai. isI kAraNase ise sadAkAl maraNakA bhay rahatA hai, us bhayase sadA AkulatA rahatI
hai. jinako maraNakA kAraN jAne unase bahut DaratA hai, kadAchit unakA sa.nyog bane to
mahAvihval ho jAtA hai — isaprakAr mahA duHkhI rahatA hai.
usakA upAy yah karatA hai ki maraNake kAraNo.nko dUr rakhatA hai athavA svaya.n unase
bhAgatA hai. tathA auShadhAdik sAdhan karatA hai; kilA, koT Adi banAtA hai — ityAdi upAy
karatA hai so ye upAy jhUThe hai.n; kyo.nki Ayu pUrNa hone par to anek upAy kare, anek
sahAyak ho.n tathApi maraN ho hI jAtA hai, ek samayamAtra bhI jIvit nahI.n rahatA. aur
jab tak Ayu pUrNa na ho tab tak anek kAraN mile, sarvathA maraN nahI.n hotA. isaliye
upAy karanese maraN miTatA nahI.n hai; tathA AyukI sthiti pUrNa hotI hI hai, isalie maraN
bhI hotA hI hai. isakA upAy karanA jhUThA hI hai.
to sachchA upAy kyA hai? samyagdarshanAdikase paryAyame.n aha.nbuddhi ChUT jAye, svaya.n
anAdinidhan chaitanyadravya hai usame.n aha.nbuddhi Aye, paryAyako svA.ng samAn jAne; tab maraNakA
bhay nahI.n rahatA. tathA samyagdarshanAdikase hI siddhapad prApta kare tab maraNakA abhAv hI hotA
hai. isaliye samyagdarshanAdik hI sachche upAy hai.n.
nAmakarmake udayase honevAlA duHkh aur usase nivR^itti
tathA nAmakarmake udayase gati, jAti, sharIrAdik utpanna hote hai.n. uname.nse jo puNyake
udayase hote hai.n ve to sukhake kAraN hote hai.n aur jo pApake udayase hote hai.n ve duHkhake
kAraN hote hai.n; so yahA.N sukh mAnanA bhram hai. tathA yah duHkhake kAraN miTAnekA aur sukhake
kAraN honekA upAy karatA hai vah jhUThA hai; sachchA upAy samyagdarshanAdik hai.n. jaisA nirUpaN

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vedanIyakA kathan karate hue kiyA vaisA yahA.N bhI jAnanA. vedanIy aur nAmame.n sukh-duHkhake
kAraNapanekI samAnatAse nirUpaNakI samAnatA jAnanA.
gotrakarmake udayase honevAlA duHkh aur usase nivR^itti
tathA gotrakarmake udayase uchcha-nIch kulame.n utpanna hotA hai. vahA.N uchcha kulame.n utpanna hone
par apaneko U.NchA mAnatA hai aur nIch kulame.n utpanna hone par apaneko nIchA mAnatA hai. vahA.N,
kul palaTanekA upAy to isako bhAsit nahI.n hotA, isaliye jaisA kul prApta kiyA usIme.n
apanApan mAnatA hai. parantu kul kI apekShA U.NchA-nIchA mAnanA bhram hai. koI uchcha kulavAlA
ni.ndya kArya kare to vah nIchA ho jAye aur nIch kulame.n koI shlAghya kArya kare to vah U.NchA
ho jAye. lobhAdikase uchcha kulavAle nIche kulavAlekI sevA karane lag jAte hai.n.
tathA kul kitane kAl rahatA hai? paryAy ChUTane par kulakI badalI ho jAtI hai; isaliye
uchcha-nIch kulase apaneko U.NchA-nIchA mAnane par uchcha kulavAleko nIchA honeke bhayakA aur
nIch kulavAle ko prApta kiye hue nIchepanakA duHkh hI hai.
isakA sachchA upAy yahI hai ki — samyagdarshanAdik dvArA uchcha-nIch kulame.n harSha-viShAd
na mAne. tathA unhI.nse jisakI phi ra badalI nahI.n hotI aisA sabase U.NchA siddhapad prApta karatA
hai tab sab duHkh miT jAte hai.n aur sukhI hotA hai.
is prakAr karmodayakI apekShA mithyAdarshanAdikake nimittase sa.nsArame.n duHkh hI duHkh pAyA
jAtA hai, usakA varNan kiyA.
(kha) paryAyakI apekShAse
paryAyo.nkI apekShAse ab, isI duHkhakA varNan karate hai.nH —
ekendriy jIvo.nke duHkh
is sa.nsArame.n bahut kAl to ekendriy paryAyame.n hI bItatA hai. isaliye anAdihIse
to nityanigodame.n rahanA hotA hai; phi ra vahA.Nse nikalanA aisA hai jaisA bhA.Dme.n bhu.Njate hue chanekA
uchaT jAnA. is prakAr vahA.Nse nikalakar anya paryAy dhAraN kare to trasame.n to bahut tho.De
hI kAl rahatA hai; ekendriyame.n hI bahut kAl vyatIt karatA hai.
vahA.N itaranigodame.n bahut kAl rahanA hotA hai tathA kitane kAl tak pR^ithvI, ap,
tej, vAyu aur pratyek vanaspatime.n rahanA hotA hai. nityanigodase nikalakar bAdame.n trasame.n rahanekA
utkR^iShTa kAl to sAdhik do hajAr sAgar hI hai tathA ekendriyame.n rahanekA utkR^iShTa kAl asa.nkhyAt