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pA.NchavA.N adhikAr ][ 127
tathA vahA.N pratyakSha, anumAn, Agam yah tIn pramAN kahate hai.n; parantu unake satya-
asatyakA nirNay jainake nyAy – gra.ntho.nse jAnanA.
tathA is sA.nkhyamatame.n koI to Ishvar ko mAnate nahI.n hai.n, kitane hI ek puruSh ko
Ishvar mAnate hai.n, kitane hI shivako, kitane hI nArAyaNako dev mAnate hai.n. apanI ichChAnusAr
kalpanA karate hai.n, kuCh nishchay nahI.n hai. tathA is matame.n kitane hI jaTA dhAraN karate hai.n,
kitane hI choTI rakhate hai.n, kitane hI muNDit hote hai.n, kitane hI katthaI vastra pahinate hai.n;
ityAdi anek prakArase bheSh dhAraN karake tattvaj~nAnake Ashrayase mahanta kahalAte hai.n.
is prakAr sA.nkhyamatakA nirUpaN kiyA.
shivamat
tathA shivamatame.n do bhed hai.n — naiyAyik, vaisheShika.
naiyAyikamat
vahA.N naiyAyikamatame.n solah tattva kahate hai.n — pramAN, pramey, sa.nshay, prayojan, dR^iShTAnta,
siddhAnta, avayav, tarka, nirNay, vAd, jalpa, vita.nDA, hetvAbhAs, Chal, jAti, nigrahasthAna.
vahA.N pramAN chAr prakArake kahate hai.n — pratyakSha, anumAn, shabda, upamA. tathA AtmA, deh,
artha, buddhi ityAdi pramey kahate hai.n. tathA ‘‘yah kyA hai?’’ usakA nAm sa.nshay hai. jisake
artha pravR^itti ho so prayojan hai. jise vAdI-prativAdI mAne.n so dR^iShTAnta hai. dR^iShTAnta dvArA jise
ThaharAye.n vah siddhAnta hai. tathA anumAnake pratij~nA Adi pA.Nch a.ng vah avayav hai.n. sa.nshay
dUr hone par kisI vichArase ThIk ho so tarka hai. pashchAt pratItirUp jAnanA so nirNay hai.
AchArya-shiShyame.n pakSha-pratipakSha dvArA abhyAs so vAd hai. jAnanekI ichChArUp kathAme.n jo Chal,
jAti Adi dUShaN ho so jalpa hai. pratipakSha rahit vAd so vita.nDA hai. sachche hetu nahI.n hai.n
aise asiddha Adi bhedasahit hetvAbhAs hai. Chalasahit vachan so Chal hai. sachche dUShaN nahI.n hai.n
aise dUShaNAbhAs so jAti hai. jisase prativAdIkA nigrah ho so nigrahasthAn hai.
is prakAr sa.nshayAdi tattva kahe hai.n, so yah koI vastusvarUp tattva to hai.n nahI.n. j~nAnakA
nirNay karaneko va vAd dvArA pA.nDitya pragaT karaneko kAraNabhUt vichArarUp tattva kahe hai.n; so
inase paramArthakArya kyA hogA? kAm-krodhAdi bhAvako miTAkar nirAkul honA so kArya hai;
vah prayojan to yahA.N kuCh dikhAyA nahI.n hai; pa.nDitAIkI nAnA yuktiyA.N banAI.n, so yah bhI
ek chAturya hai; isaliye yah tattvabhUt nahI.n hai.n.
phi ra kahoge — inako jAne binA prayojanabhUt tattvo.nkA nirNay nahI.n kar sakate, isaliye
yah tattva kahe hai.n; so aisI paramparA to vyAkaraNavAle bhI kahate hai.n ki — vyAkaraN pa.Dhnese