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a. 1. sUtra 12-13] [43 sanmukh je bhAvashrutagnAn chhe (te joke kevaLagnAnanI apekShAe parokSha chhe topaN) tene visheSh kathanamAn pratyakSha kahyun chhe.

jo mati ane shrut banne mAtra parokSha ja hot to sukh-dukhAdinun je samvedan (gnAn) thAy chhe te paN parokSha hot, paN te samvedan pratyakSha chhe, em darek jANe chhe. (juo, shrI bRuhad-dravyasangrah gAthA pa-nIche TIkA. hindI pAnun 13 thI 1p, Inglish pAnun 17-18.) utsarga = sAmAnya, General ordinance-sAmAnya niyam; apavAd = khAs niyam, Exception-visheSh.

apavAdanun kathan nathI karyun. (juo, bRuhad dravyasangrah gAthA pa7 nIche hindI TIkA pAnun-ra11) e rIte jyAn utsargakathan hoy tyAn apavAdakathan garbhit chhe-em samajavun. 11.

[प्रत्यक्षम] pratyakSha pramAN chhe.

avadhignAn ane manaparyayagnAn vikal-pratyakSha chhe ane kevaLagnAn sakal-pratyakSha chhe. [pratyakSha = prati × akSha] ‘akSha’no artha AtmA chhe. AtmA prati jeno niyam hoy eTale par nimitta-Indriyo, man, Alok, upadesh vagere rahit AtmAne Ashraye je Upaje, jemAn bIjun kAI nimitta na hoy evun gnAn te pratyakShagnAn kahevAy chhe. 1r.

[अभिनिबोध] abhinibodh, [इति] ItyAdi [अनर्थांतरम्] anya padArtho nathI arthAt te matignAnanAn nAmAntar chhe.

mati– man agar IndriyothI, vartamAnakALavartI padArthane avagrahAdirUp sAkShAt jANavo te mati chhe.

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44] [mokShashAstra

smRuti– pahelAn jANelA, sAmbhaLelA ke anubhav karelA padArthanun vartamAnamAn smaraN Ave te smRuti chhe.

sangnA– tenun bIjun nAm pratyabhignAn chhe. vartamAnamAn koI padArthane jotAn ‘A padArtha te ja chhe ke jene pahelAn joyo hato,’ e rIte smaraN ane pratyakShanA joDarUp gnAnane sangnA kahe chhe.

chintA– chintavan gnAn arthAt koI chihnane dekhIne ‘ahIn te chihnavALo jarUr hovo joIe’ evo vichAr te chintA chhe. A gnAnane Uh, UhA, tarka athavA vyAptignAn paN kahe chhe.

abhinibodha– svArthAnumAn-anumAn e tenAn bIjA nAm chhe. sanmukh chihnAdi dekhI te chihnavALA padArthano nirNay karavo te ‘abhinibodh’ chhe.

joke A badhAno arthabhed chhe paN prasiddha rUDhinA baLathI te matinA nAmAntar kahevAy chhe. te badhAnnA pragaT thavAmAn matignAnAvaraN karmano kShayopasham nimittamAtra chhe, te lakShamAn rAkhI tene matignAnanAn nAmAntar kahevAmAn Ave chhe.

A sUtra siddha kare chhe ke jeNe AtmAnA svarUpanun yathArtha gnAn karyun na hoy te AtmAnun smaraN karI shake nahi; kemake smRuti to pUrve anubhavelA padArthanI ja hoy chhe tethI agnAnIne prabhusmaraN (AtmasmaraN) hotun ja nathI; parantu ‘rAg mAro’ evI pakkaDanun smaraN hoy chhe kemake teno tene anubhav chhe. e rIte agnAnI dharmanA nAme game te kAryo kare topaN tenun gnAn mithyA hovAthI tene dharmanun smaraN thatun nathI paN rAganI pakkaDanun smaraN thAy chhe.

samvedan, buddhi, medhA, pratibhA, pragnA e vagere paN matignAnanA bhedo chhe. svasamvedana– sukhAdi antarang viShayonun gnAn te svasamvedan chhe. buddhi– bodhanamAtrapaNun te buddhi chhe, buddhi, pratibhA, pragnA e matignAnanI tAratamyatA (hIn-adhikapaNun) sUchak gnAnanA bhedo chhe.

anumAn be prakAranA chhe. ek matignAnano bhed chhe, bIjo shrutagnAnano bhed chhe. sAdhan dekhatAn potAthI sAdhyanun gnAn thavun te matignAn chhe. bIjAnA hetu ane tarkanA vAkya sAmbhaLIne je anumAnagnAn thAy te shrutaanumAn chhe; chihnAdi uparathI te ja padArthanun anumAn thavun te matignAn chhe, ane chihnAdi uparathI bIjA padArthanun anumAn thavun te shrutagnAn chhe.

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a. 1. sUtra 14] [4p

[निमित्तम्] nimitta chhe.

indriy–AtmA (indra=AtmA) param aishvaryarUp pravarte chhe. em anumAn karAvanArun sharIranun chihna.

noindriy–man; je sUkShma pudgalaskandh manovargaNA nAmathI oLakhAy chhe tenun banelun sharIranun antaranganun ang, te ATh pAnkhaDInA kamaLanA AkAre hRudayasthAn pAse chhe.

matignAn thavAmAn indriy-man nimitta thAy chhe em A sUtramAn kahyun chhe, te paradravyonA thatA gnAnanI apekShAe kahyun chhe em samajavun. andar svalakShamAn man- indriy nimitta nathI. jIv tenAthI (man-indriyanA avalambanathI) anshe judo paDe tyAre svatantratattvanun gnAn karI temAn TharI shake chhe. [samayasAr-pravachano bhAg 1 pAnun-pa13]

indriyono dharma to e chhe ke sparsha, ras, gandh, varNane jANavAmAn nimitta thAy; AtmAmAn te nathI tethI svalakShamAn indriyo nimitta nathI. manano dharma e chhe ke- anek vikalpamAn te nimitta thAy, te vikalpa paN ahIn (svalakShamAn) nathI. je gnAn indriyo dvArA tathA manadvArA pravartatun te ja gnAn nijaanubhavamAn varte chhe; e rIte A matignAnamAn man-indriy nimitta nathI. A gnAn atIndriy chhe. manano viShay mUrtik-amUrtik padArtho chhe tethI man sambandhI pariNAm svarUp viShe ekAgra thaI anya chintavanano nirodh kare chhe e kAraNe tene (upachArathI) manadvArA thayun kahevAmAn Ave chhe. [mokShamArga prakAshak pAnun 34p-346] Avo anubhav chothA guNasthAnathI ja thAy chhe. [mo. mA. pra. pAnun-349]

A sUtramAn matignAnane indriy-man nimitta chhe em jaNAvyun chhe, paN matignAnamAn jaNAtA artha (vastu) ane prakAsh (ajavALun, Alok) ne nimitta kahyAn nathI; tenun kAraN e chhe ke artha ane prakAsh matignAnamAn nimitta nathI. temane nimitta mAnavAn e bhUl chhe. A viShay khAs samajavA jevo hovAthI te shrI prameyaratnamALA hindI pAnun pa0 thI pap mAnthI ahIn TUnkamAn ApavAmAn Ave chhe-

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46] [mokShashAstra

prashna– sAmvyavahArik matignAnanun nimittakAraN indriyAdi kahyun tem (gney) padArtha ane ajavALAne nimittakAraN kem kahyAn nathI?

prashnakAranI dalIla– artha-vastuthI paN gnAn Upaje chhe; ane prakAshathI paN gnAn Upaje chhe; tene nimitta kahevAmAn na Ave to badhAn nimittakAraNo AvI jatAn nathI, tethI sUtra apUrNa rahe chhe.

artha– artha (vastu) ane Alok (prakAsh) e banne sAmvyavahArik pratyakShanun kAraN nathI, paN te mAtra parichchhedya (gney-jANavA yogya) chhe, jem andhakAr gney chhe tem ja te gney chhe.

A nyAy samajAvavA mATe tyArapachhI sAtamun sUtra Apyun chhe temAn jaNAvyun chhe ke-artha ane Alok hoy tyAre gnAn Upaje ja ane na hoy tyAre na Upaje evo niyam nathI. tenAn draShTAnto-

draShTAnt–(1)– ek mANasanA mAthA upar machchharano samUh UDato hato paN bIjAe tene vALano jhUmakho dITho-jANyo; ahIn artha (vastu) gnAnanun kAraN na thayun,

draShTAnt–(ra)– andhArAmAn bilADI, chor, rAtanA charanArA vagere dekhe chhe, tethI gnAn thavAmAn prakAsh kAraN Avyun nahi.

upar draShTAnt 1 mAn to machchharono samUh hato chhatAn gnAn to kesh (vAL) nA jhUmakhAnun thayun; jo artha gnAnanun kAraN hoy to keshanA jhUmakhAnun gnAn kem thayun ane machchharonA samUhanun gnAn kem na thayun? ane draShTAnt ra mAn bilADI Adine andhArAmAn gnAn thayun; jo prakAsh gnAnanun kAraN hoy to tene andhArAmAn gnAn kem thayun?

prashna– tyAre A matignAn shun kAraNe thAy chhe? uttara– kShAyopashamik gnAn (ughAD) nI yogyatAne anusarIne gnAn thAy chhe; gnAn thavAnun e kAraN chhe. gnAnanA te ughADane anusarIne A gnAn thAy chhe, vastune anusarIne thatun nathI, tethI vastu gnAn thavAmAn nimittakAraN nathI em samajavun. AgaL sUtra 9 mAn A nyAy siddha karyo chhe.

jem dIpak ghaT vagere padArthothI Upajato nathI topaN te arthano prakAshak chhe. [sUtra-8]

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a. 1. sUtra 14] [47

je gnAnanI kShayopashamalakShaNayogyatA chhe te ja viShay pratye niyamarUp gnAn thavAnun kAraN chhe-em samajavun. [sUtra 9]

jyAre AtmAne matignAn thAy chhe tyAre indriy ane man e banne nimittamAtra chhe, te mAtra eTalun batAve chhe ke ‘AtmA’ upAdAn chhe. nimitta potAmAn (nimittamAn) soe so TakA kArya kare chhe paN upAdAnamAn te anshamAtra kArya karatun nathI. nimitta par dravya chhe, AtmA tenAthI judun dravya chhe; tethI AtmAmAn (upAdAnamAn) teno (nimittano) atyant abhAv chhe. ek dravya bIjA dravyanA kShetramAn pesI shakatun nathI, tethI nimitta upAdAnane kAI karI shake nahi; upAdAn potAmAn potAnun kArya potAthI soe so TakA kare chhe. matignAn te parokShagnAn chhe em 11 mA sUtramAn kahyun chhe;-parokShagnAn hovAthI te gnAn vakhate nimittanI potAthI potAne kAraNe hAjarI hoy chhe. te hAjar rahelun nimitta kevA prakAranun hoy chhe tenun gnAn karAvavA mATe A sUtra kahyun chhe, paN ‘nimitta AtmAmAn kAI paN karI shake chhe’ em batAvavA A sUtra kahyun nathI. jo nimitta AtmAmAn kAI karatun hoy to nimitta pote ja upAdAn thaI jAy.

vaLI ‘nimitta’ e paN upAdAnane kAraNe mAtra Arop chhe; jo jIv chakShu dvArA gnAn kare to chakShu upar nimittano Arop Ave, ane jo jIv bIjI indrIy ke man dvArA gnAn kare to tenA upar nimittano Arop Ave.

ek dravya paramAn akinchitkar chhe arthAt kAI karI shakatun nathI. anya dravyano anya dravyamAn pravesh chhe ja nahi; anya dravya anya dravyanA paryAyano utpAdak chhe ja nahi; kemake darek vastu potAnA antarangamAn atyant (sampUrNa) prakAshe chhe, paramAn leshamAtra nahi; tethI nimittabhUt vastu upAdAnabhUt vastune kAI karI shake nahi. upAdAnamAn nimittanI dravye-kShetre-kALe ane bhAve nAsti chhe, ane nimittamAn upAdAnanI dravye-kShetre-kALe ane bhAve nAsti chhe; eTale ekabIjAnun shun karI shake? jo ek vastu bIjI vastunun kAI kare to vastu potAnun vastupaNun ja khoI bese paN tem bane ja nahi.

TIkAmAn nimitta-upAdAn sambandhI khulAso karyo chhe mATe tyAnthI vAnchI samajI levo.

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48] [mokShashAstra nishchay (kharun) kAraN chhe ane nimitta te vyavahArakAraN chhe eTale ke te (jyAre upAdAn kArya karatun hoy tyAre tene) anukUL 1hAjararUp hoy chhe. kArya vakhate nimitta hoy chhe paN upAdAnamAn te kaI kArya karI shakatun nathI tethI tene ‘vyavahArakAraN’ kahevAmAn Ave chhe. kArya thAy tyAre nimittanI hAjarInA be prakAr chhe (1) kharekhar hAjarI, (ra) kalpit hAjarI. jyAre chhadmastha jIv vikAr kare tyAre dravyakarmano uday hAjararUp hoy ja, tyAn dravyakarmano uday te vikAranun kharekhar hAjarIrUp nimittakAraN chhe, (jo jIv vikAr na kare to te ja dravyakarmanI nirjarA thaI kahevAy chhe,) tathA jIv vikAr kare tyAre nokarmanI hAjarI kharekhar hoy athavA kalpanArUp hoy.

nimitta hotun ja nathI em kahI koI nimittanA astitvano nakAr kare tyAre, ‘upAdAn apUrNa hoy tyAre nimitta hAjar hoy ja.’ e batAvAy, paN e to nimittanun gnAn karAvavA mATe chhe. tethI nimittanun ja astitva je kabUl na kare tenun gnAn samyaggnAn nathI. ahIn samyaggnAnano viShay hovAthI AchAryabhagavAne nimitta kevun hoy tenun gnAn karAvyun chhe. nimitta upAdAnane kAI kare em je mAne tenI mAnyatA khoTI chhe, tethI tene samyagdarshan nathI-em samajavun. .।। 14।।

em chAr bhedo chhe.

avagrah-chetanAmAn je thoDo visheShAkAr bhAsavA lAge chhe te pahelAn thanArun gnAn-tene ‘avagrah’ kahe chhe. viShay ane viShayI (viShay karanAr) nun yogya sthAnamAn AvyA pachhI AdyagrahaN te avagrah chhe. sva ane par banneno (je vakhate je viShay hoy teno) pahelAn avagrah thAy chhe. [Perception]

IhA–avagrah dvArA jANavAmAn AvelA padArthane visheSharUp jANavAnI cheShTAne ‘IhA’ kahe chhe. IhAnun visheSh varNan 11mA sUtranI nIche Apyun chhe. [Conception]

avAy–visheSh chihna dekhavAthI teno nishchay thaI jAy te avAy chhe. [Judgment] _________________________________________________________________ 1 upasthit; vidyamAn.

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a. 1. sUtra 16] [49

dhAraNA– avAyathI nirNay karelA padArthane kALAntare na bhUlavo te dhAraNA chhe. [Retention]

jIvane anAdithI potAnA svarUpanI bhramaNA chhe, mATe pratham AtmagnAnI puruSh pAsethI AtmAnun svarUp sAmbhaLIne, yuktidvArA AtmA gnAnasvabhAvI chhe evo nirNay karavo... pachhI-

par padArthanI prasiddhinAn kAraNo je indriy dvArA tathA man dvArA pravartatI buddhi tene maryAdAmAn lAvIne eTale par padArtho taraphathI potAnun lakSha khenchI AtmA pote jyAre svasanmukh lakSha kare chhe tyAre, pratham sAmAnya sthULapaNe AtmA sambandhI gnAn thayun; te AtmAno arthAvagrah thayo. pachhI vichAranA nirNay taraph vaL‌yo te IhA, nirNay thayo te avAy arthAt IhAthI jANelA AtmAmAn A te ja chhe, anya nathI evA majabUt gnAnane avAy kahe chhe. AtmA sambandhI kALAntaramAn sanshay tathA vismaraN na thAy tene dhAraNA kahe chhe. tyAn sudhI to parokSha evA matignAnamAn dhAraNA sudhIno chhello bhed thayo. pachhI A AtmA anant gnAnAnand shAntisvarUpe chhe tem matimAnthI lambAtun tArkik gnAn te shrutagnAn chhe. andar svalakShamAn man-indriy nimitta nathI. jIv tenAthI anshe judo paDe tyAre svatantra tattvanun gnAn karI temAn TharI shake chhe.

avagrah ke IhA thAy parantu jo te lakSha chAlu na rahe to AtmAno nirNay na thAy eTale ke avAyagnAn na thAy, mATe avAyanI khAs jarUr chhe. A gnAn thatI vakhate vikalpa, rAg, man ke paravastu taraph lakSha hotun ja nathI, paN svasanmukh lakSha hoy chhe.

samyagdraShTine potAnun (AtmAnun) gnAn thatI vakhate A chAre prakAranun gnAn thAy chhe. dhAraNA e smRuti chhe; je AtmAne samyaggnAn apratihat bhAve thayun hoy tene AtmAnun gnAn dhAraNArUpe rahyA ja kare chhe. ।। 1p।।

anisRut, [अनुक्त] anukta, [ध्रुवाणां] dhruv, [सइतराणाम्] temanA UlaTA bhedo

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pa0] [mokShashAstra sahit arthAt ek, ekavidh, akShipra, nisRut, ukta ane adhruv em bAr prakAranA padArthonun avagrah, IhAdirUp gnAn thAy chhe.

1. bahu–ekI sAthe ghaNA padArthonun athavA ghaNA jaththAnun avagrahAdi thavun (jem lokonAn ToLAnnun athavA khaDanI ganjInun), ghaNA padArtho gnAnagochar thavA.

ra. ek– alpa athavA ek padArthanun gnAn thavun (jem-ek mANasanun athavA pANInA pyAlAnun), thoDA padArtha gnAnagochar thavA.

3. bahuvidh– ghaNA prakAranA padArthonun avagrahAdi gnAn thavun (jem kUtarA sAtheno mANas athavA ghaun-chaNA-chokhA vagere ghaNI jAtanA padArtho), yugapat ghaNA prakAranA padArtho gnAnagochar thavA.

4. ekavidh– ek prakAranA padArthonun gnAn thavun (jem-ek jAtanA ghaunnun gnAn); ek prakAranA padArtho gnAnagochar thavA.

pa. kShipra– shIghratAthI padArthanun gnAn thavun. 6. akShipra– koI padArthane dhIre dhIre ghaNA vakhate jANavo-chiragrahaN. 7. anisRut– ek bhAganA gnAnathI sarvabhAganun gnAn thavun (jem bahAr nIkaLelI sUnDhane dekhI pANImAn DUbelA pUrA hAthInun gnAn thavun), ek bhAg avyakta rahyA chhatAn gnAnagochar thavun.

8. nisRut– bahAr nIkaLelA pragaT padArthonun gnAn thavun, pUrNa vyakta hoy tevA padArthanun gnAnagochar thavun.

9. anukta– (nahi kahel) -je vastunun varNan Apyun nathI tene jANavI, jenun varNan na sAmbhaLavA chhatAn padArtha gnAnagochar thavo.

10. ukta– kahelA padArthanun gnAn thavun, varNan sAmbhaL‌yA pachhI padArtha gnAnagochar thavo.

11. dhruv– ghaNA kAL sudhI gnAn evun ne evun rahevun, draDhatAvALun gnAn. 1r. adhruv– je kShaNe kShaNe hIn-adhik thAy tevun gnAn, asthir gnAn. A badhA bhedo samyakmatignAnanA chhe. jene samyaggnAn thayun hoy te jANe chhe ke- AtmA kharekhar potAnA gnAn paryAyane jANe chhe, par to te gnAnanun nimittamAtra chhe. ‘parane jANyun’ em kahevun te vyavahAr chhe. jo ‘parane jANe chhe’ em paramArthadraShTie

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a. 1. sUtra 16] [pa1 kahIe to te khoTun chhe, kemake tem thatAn AtmA ane par (gnAn ane gney) banne ek thaI jAy; kemake “jenun je hoy te te ja hoy” tethI kharekhar ‘pudgalanun gnAn’ chhe em kahIe to gnAn pudgalarUp-gneyarUp thaI jAy, mATe nimitta sambandhI potAnA gnAnanA paryAyane AtmA jANe chhe em samajavun (juo, shrI samayasAr gAthA 3pa6 thI 36p pAnun 4ra3 thI 430).

prashna– anukta viShay shrotragnAnano viShay kem sambhave? uttara– shrotragnAnamAn ‘anukta’ no artha ‘IShat (thoDun) anukta’ karavo joIe; ane ‘ukta’ no artha ‘vistArathI lakShaNAdi dvArA varNan karyun chhe’ evo karavo, ke jethI nAmamAtra sAmbhaLatAn ja jIvane vishad (vistArarUp) gnAn thaI jAy to te jIvane anuktagnAn ja thayun em kahevun joIe; te ja pramANe bIjI indriyo dvArA anuktanun gnAn ja thAy chhe em samajavun.

prashna– netragnAnamAn ‘ukta’ viShay kem sambhave? uttara– koI vastune vistArathI sAmbhaLI lIdhI hoy ane pachhI te dekhavAmAn Ave to te samayanun netragnAn ‘uktagnAn’ kahevAy chhe. tem ja shrotra indriy sivAyanI bIjI indriyo dvArA paN ‘ukta’ nun gnAn thAy chhe.

pashna– ‘anukta’ nun gnAn pAnch indriyo dvArA shI rIte thAy? uttara– shrotra indriy sivAy chAr indriyo dvArA thatun gnAn hameshAn anukta hoy chhe. shrotraindriy dvArA anuktanun gnAn kem thAy teno khulAso pahelA uttaramAn karavAmAn Avyo chhe.

prashna– anisRut ane anukta padArthonI sAthe shrotra vagere indriyono sanyog thAy chhe em ame dekhI shakatA nathI mATe ame te sanyogano svIkAr karI shakatA nathI?

uttara– te paN ThIk nathI; jem janmathI jamInanI andar rAkhavAmAn Avelo puruSh koI kAraNe bahAr nIkaLe to tene ghaTapaTAdi samasta padArthono AbhAs thAy chhe, parantu ‘A ghaT chhe, A paT chhe’ ityAdi je visheShagnAn tene thAy chhe te tene paranA upadeshathI ja thAy chhe, te svayam tevun gnAn karI shakato nathI; tevI rIte sUkShma avayavonI sAthe je indriyono bhiDAv thAy chhe ane tenAthI avagrahAdi gnAn thAy chhe te visheSh gnAn paN vItarAganA upadeshathI ja jANavAmAn Ave chhe, ApaNI andar evun sAmarthya nathI ke ApaNe svayam jANI shakIe; mATe kevaLagnAnInA upadeshathI jyAre anisRut ane anukta padArthonA avagrah vagere siddha chhe tyAre teno abhAv kadI kahI shakAy nahi.

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pa2] [mokShashAstra

bahu–ek–tat (tAntano shabda), vitat (tAlano shabda), ghan (kAnsAnA vAdhano shabda) ane suShir (vAnsaLI Adino shabda) vagere shabdonun ek sAthe avagrah-gnAn thAy chhe, temAn tat vagere judA judA shabdonun grahaN avagrahathI thatun nathI paN tenA samudAyarUp sAmAnyane te grahaN kare chhe, evo artha ahIn samajavo; ahIn bahu padArthano avagrah thayo.

prashna– sambhinna sanshrotRuRuddhinA dhArak jIvane tat vagere shabde-shabdanun spaShTapaNe bhinnabhinna rUpathI gnAn hoy chhe to tene A avagrahagnAn hovAnun bAdhit chhe?

uttara– te barAbar nathI; sAmAnya manuShyanI mAphak tene paN kramathI ja gnAn thAy chhe, mATe tene paN avagrahagnAn thAy chhe; je jIvane vishuddha gnAn mand hoy tene tat Adi shabdomAnthI koI ek shabdano avagrah thAy chhe; A ek padArthano avagrah thayo.

bahuvidh–ekavidh–uparanA daShTAntamAn ‘tat’ Adi shabdomAn harek shabdanA be, traN, chAr, sankhyAt, asankhyAt ke anant bhedone jIv grahaN kare chhe tyAre tene ‘bahuvidh’ padArthano avagrah thAy chhe.

vishuddhatA mand rahetAn jIv tat Adi shabdomAnthI koI ek prakAranA shabdane grahaN kare chhe tene ‘ekavidh’ padArthono avagrah thAy chhe.

kShipra–akShipra–vishuddhinA baLathI koI jIv ghaNo shIghra shabdane grahaN kare chhe tene ‘kShipra’ avagrah kahevAmAn Ave chhe.

vishuddhinI mandatA hovAthI shabdane grahaN karavAmAn jIvane DhIl thAy chhe tene ‘akShipra’ avagrah kahevAmAn Ave chhe.

anisRut–nisRut–vishuddhinA baLathI jIv jyAre kahyA vinA athavA batAvyA vinA shabdane grahaN kare chhe tyAre tene ‘anisRut padArthano avagrah kahevAmAn Ave chhe.

vishuddhinI mandatAne lIdhe moDhAmAnthI nIkaLelA shabdane jIv grahaN kare chhe tyAre ‘nisRut’ padArthano avagrah thayo kahevAmAn Ave chhe.

shankA– moDhethI pUrA shabdanA nIkaLavAne ‘nisRut’ kahyo, ane ‘ukta’no artha paN te ja thAy chhe to pachhI bemAnthI ek bhed kahevo joIe, banne kem kaho chho?

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a. 1. sUtra 16] [pa3

samAdhAna– jyAn koI anyanA kahevAthI shabdanun grahaN thAy chhe, jemake- koIe ‘go’ shabdanun evun uchchAraN karyun ke ‘ahIn A go shabda chhe,’ te uparathI je gnAn thAy chhe te ‘ukta’ gnAn chhe; ane te pramANe anyanA batAvyA vinA shabda sAme hoy tenun ‘A amuk shabda chhe’ em gnAn thavun te nisRut gnAn chhe.

anukta–ukta–je vakhate samasta shabdanun uchchAraN karavAmAn na Avyun hoy, paN moDhAmAnthI ek varNa nIkaLatAn ja vishudvatAnA baLavaDe abhiprAy mAtrathI samasta shabdane koI anyanA kahyA vagar grahaN karI le ke ‘te A kahevA mAge chhe’ -te samaye tene ‘anukta’ padArthano avagrah thayo kahevAy chhe.

vishuddhinI mandatAthI je samaye samasta shabda kahe tyAre koI anyanA kahevA uparathI jIv grahaN kare chhe te samaye ‘ukta’ padArthano avagrah thayo kahevAy chhe. athavA-

tantrI vA mRudangAdikamAn kyo svar gAvAmAn Avashe teno svar-sanchAr karyo na hoy te pahelAn ja kevaL te vAjintramAn gAvAmAn AvanAr svarano milAp thAy te ja samaye jIvane vishuddhinA baLathI evun gnAn thaI jAy ke ‘te A svar vAjintramAn vagADashe,’ te ja samaye ‘anukta’ padArthano avagrah thAy chhe.

vishuddhinI mandatAne kAraNe vAjintro dvArA te svarane gAvAmAn Ave te samaye jANavo te ‘ukta’ padArthano avagrah chhe.

dhruv–adhuv–vishuddhinA baLathI jIve je prakAre pratham samayamAn shabdane grahaN karyo te prakAre nishchayarUpathI keTalok kAL grahaN karavAnun chAlu rahe- temAn kinchit mAtra paN ochhun-adhik na thAy te ‘dhruv’ padArthano avagrah chhe.

vAramvAr thatA sankalesh tathA vishuddha pariNAmorUp kAraNothI jIvane shrotrendriyAdikanun k kAvaraN ane k kughAD (kShayopasham) paN rahe chhe, evI rIte shrotrendriyAdinA AvaraNanI kShayopashamarUp vishuddhinI k kprakarSha ane k kaprakarSha dashA rahe chhe, te vakhate adhikatA-hInatAthI jANavAne kAraNe k kchal- vichalapaNun rahe chhe tethI te ‘adhravu’ padArthano avagrah kahevAyachhe; tathA kyArek tat vagere ghaNA shabdonun grahaN karavun, kayArek thoDAnun, kayArek ghaNAnun, kayArek ghaNA prakAranA shabdonun grahaN karavun, kayArek ek prakAranun, kayArek jaladI, kayArek DhIlathI, kyArek anisRut shabdanun grahaN karavun, kyArek nisRutanun, kyArek anukta shabdanun grahaN karavun, kayArek uktanun- emaje chal-vichalapaNe shabdanun grahaN karavun te sarve ‘adhruvAvagrah’no viShay chhe.

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pa4] [mokShashAstra

shankA–‘bahu’ shabdonA avagrahamAn tat Adi shabdonun grahaN mAnyun ane ‘bahuvidh’ shabdonA avagrahamAn paN tat Adi shabdonun grahaN mAnyun to temAn shun pher chhe?

uttara– jem vAchALatArahit koI vidvAn ghaNA shAstronA visheSh visheSh artha karato nathI ane ek sAmAnya (sankShep) artha ja pratipAdan kare chhe, anya vidvAn ghaNA shAstromAn rahelA ekabIjAthI pher batAvanArA ghaNA prakAranA arthone pratipAdan kare chhe. tem bahu ane bahuvidh banne prakAranA avagrahamAn sAmAnyarUpe tat Adi shabdonun grahaN chhe topaN je avagrahamAn tat Adi shabdonA ek be, chAr, sankhyAt, asankhyAt ke annat prakAranA bhedonun grahaN chhe arthAt anek prakAranA bhed- prabhedayukta tat Adi shabdonun grahaN chhe te bahuvidh-bahu prakAranA shabdone grahaN karavAvALo avagrah kahevAy chhe; ane je avagrahamAn bhed-prabhed rahit sAmAnyarUpathI tat Adi shabdonun grahaN chhe te bahu shabdono avagrah kahevAy chhe.

bahu–ek-je samaye vishudvinA baLathI jIv dhoLA, kALA lIlA Adi varNone (rangone) grahaN kare chhe te samaye tene ‘bahu’ padArthono avagrah thAy chhe. je samaye mandatAnA kAraNe jIv ek varNane grahaN kare chhe te samaye tene ‘ek’ padArthano avagrah thAy chhe.

bahuvidh–ekavidh–je samaye vishudvinA baLathI jIv shukla-kRuShNAdi harek varNanA be, traN, chAr, sankhyAt, asankhyAt ane anant bhed-prabhedone grahaN kare chhe te samaye tene ‘bahuvidh’ padArthano avagrah thAy chhe.

je samaye mandatAnA kAraNe jIv shukla, kRuShNAdi varNomAnthI ek prakAranA varNane grahaN kare chhe te samaye tene ‘ekavidh’ padArthano avagrah thAy chhe.

kShipra–akShipra–je samaye tIvra kShayopasham (vishudvi) nA baLathI jIv shuklAdivarNane jaladI grahaN kare chhe te samaye tene ‘kShipra’ padArthano avagrah chhe.

vishudvinI mandatAnA kAraNe je samaye DhIlathI padArthane grahaN kare chhe te samaye tene ‘akShipra’ padArthano avagrah thAy chhe.

anisRut–nisRut–je samaye vishudvinA baLe jIv koI pacharangI vastra, kAmaLI, chitra vagerenA ekavAr koI bhAgamAnthI pAnch rangane dekhe chhe te samaye joke sheSh bhAganun pacharangIpaNun tene dIThun nathI tathA te samaye tenI sAme Akhuun vastra khullun karyA vagaranun

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a. 1. sUtra 16] [pap ja rAkhyun chhe topaN te vastranA samasta bhAgone pacharangIpaNun chhe em te grahaN kare chhe te ‘anisRut’ padArthano avagrah chhe.

je samaye vishudvinI mandatAne kAraNe jIvanI sAme bahAr kADhIne rAkhel pacharangI vastranA pAnche rangone jIv grahaN kare chhe te samaye tene ‘nisRut’ padArthano avagrah thAy chhe.

3–4–pa. ghrANendriy. rasanendriy ane sparshanendriy

ghrAN, rasanA ane sparshan e traN indriyo dvArA uparyukat bAr prakAranA avagrahanA bhedo shrotra ane chakShu indviyanI mAphak samajI levA.

chAlu sUtranun mathALun ‘avagrahAdinA viShayabhUt padArtha’ em chhe; temAn avagrah Adi kahetAn, jevI rIte bAr bhed avagrahanA kahyA tevI ja rIte IhA, avAy ane dhAraNA gnAnono paN viShay mAnavo.

shankA– je indriyo padArthane sparshIne gnAn karAve chhe te padArthonA jeTalA bhAgo (avayavo) sAthe sambandh thAy teTalA ja bhAgonun gnAn karAvI shake, adhik avayavonun nahi. shrotra, ghrAN, sparshan ane rasanA e chAr indriyo prApyakArI chhe, mATe jeTalA avayavonI sAthe te bhiDAy teTalA ja avayavonun gnAn karAvI shake, adhikanun nahi. chhatAn anisRut ane anuktamAn tem thatun nathI kemake tyAn padArthono ek bhAg dekhI levAthI ke kahevAthI samasta padArthanun gnAn mAnavAmAn Ave chhe, tethI shrotra vagere chAr indriyothI je anisRut tathA anukta padArthono avagrah, ihAdik mAn chhe te vyartha chhe?

samAdhAna– e shankA ThIk nathI. jem kIDI Adi jIvonA nAk tathA jIbh sAthe goL Adi dravyono bhiDAv nathI thato, topaN tenAn gandh ane rasanun gnAn kIDI Adine thAy chhe; kemake tyAn atyant sUkShma-jene ApaNe dekhI shakatA nathI-tevA goL vagerenA avayavonI sAthe kIDI Adi jIvonA nAk tathA jIbh indriyono ek bIjA sAthe svAbhAvik sanyogasambandh rahe chhe; te sambandhamAn koI bIjA padArthanI apekShA rahetI nathI, tethI sUkShma avayavonI sAthe sambandh rahevAthI te prApta thaI ne ja padArtha ne grahaN kare chhe. tevI rIte anisRut ane anukta padArthonA avagrah vageremAn paN anisRut ane anakta padArthonA sUkShma avayavonI sAthe shrotra Adi indriyono potAnI utpattimAn par padArthonI apekShA nahi rAkhavAvALo svAbhAvik sanyogasambandh chhe, tethI anisRut ane anukta sthaLo par paN prApta thaIne indriyo padArthonun gnAn karAve chhe, aprApta thaIne nahi.

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pa6] [mokShashAstra

anukta–ukta–saphed-kALA athavA saphed-pILA Adi rangonI meLavaNI karatA koI puruShane dekhIne ‘te A prakAranA rangone meLavIne amuk prakArano rang taiyAr karavAno chhe.’-em, vishuddhinA baLathI kahyA vinA ja jANI le chhe? te samaye tene ‘anukta’ padArthano avagrah thAy chhe; athAv-

bIjA deshamAn banelA koI pacharangI padArthane kahetI vakhate, kahenAr puruSh kahevAno prayatna ja karI rahyo chhe, paN tenA kahyA pahelAn ja, vishuddhinA baLathI jIv je samaye te vastunA pAnch rangone jANI le chhe te samaye tene paN ‘anukta’ padArthano avagrah thAy chhe.

vishuddhinI mandatAne kAraNe pacharangI padArthane kahevAthI je samaye jIv pAnch rangone jANe chhe tyAre tene ‘ukta’ padArthano avagrah thAy chhe.

dhruv–adhruv–sankalesh pariNAm rahit ane yathAyogya vishuddhatA sahit jIv jem pahelAmAn pahelo rangane je je prakAre grahaN kare chhe te ja prakAre nishchaLarUpathI k kkAL tevA rangane grahaN karavAnun banyun rahe chhe, kAI paN ochhun-vadhAre thatun nathI, te vakhate tene ‘dhruv’ padArthano avagrah thAy chhe.

vAramvAr thatA sankalesh pariNAm ane vishuddhi pariNAmone kAraNe jIvane je vakhate k kAvaraN rahe chhe ane k kughAD paN rahe chhe tathA ughAD k kutkRuShTa k kanutkRuShTa evI be dashA rahe chhe tyAre, je samaye k khInatA ane k kaghikatAne kAraNe chal-vichalapaNun rahe chhe te samaye tene ‘adhruv’ avagrah thAy chhe. athavA-

kRiShNa Adi ghaNA rangone jANavA athavA ek rangane jANavo, bahuvidh rangone jANavA ke ekavidh rangane jANavo, jaladI rangane jANavA ke DhIlathI jANavA, anisRut rangane jANavo ke nisRut rangane jANavo, anuktarUpane jANavo ke uktarUpane jANavo-evo je chal-vichalarUpe jIv jANe chhe, te adhruv avagrahano viShay chhe.

visheSh samAdhAn– AgamamAn kahyun chhe ke-chakShu, shrotra, ghrAN, rasanA, sparshan ane man-e chha prakAranun labdhyakShar shrutagnAn chhe. ‘labdhi’ eTale kShAyopashamik (ughADarUp) shakti ane ‘akShar’ no artha avinAshI chhe; je kShAyopashamik shaktino kadI nAsh na thAy tene labdhyakShar kahevAmAn Ave chhe, A uparathI siddha thaI jAy chhe ke anisRut ane anukta padArthonun paN avagrahAdi gnAn thAy chhe. labdhyakShar gnAn e shrutagnAnano ghaNo sUkShma bhed chhe. jyAre e gnAnane mAnavAmAn Ave chhe tyAre anisRut ane anukta padArthonA avagrahAdi mAnavAmAn koI doSh nathI.

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a. 1. sUtra 17-18] [pa7

chhe. ।। 16।।

vastunA) chhe.

A bhedo vyakta padArthanA kahyA chhe; avyakta padArthane mATe aDhAramun sUtra kaheshe. koI kahe ke-‘rUpAdi guNo ja indriyo dvArA grahaN karI shakAy chhe, mATe rUpAdi guNono ja avagrah thAy chhe- nahi ke dravyono.’ A kahevun barAbar nathI- em ahIn batAvyun chhe. ‘indriyo dvArA rUpAdi jaNAy chhe’ em bolavAno mAtra vyavahAr chhe; rUpAdiguN dravyathI abhinna chhe tethI evo vyavahAr thayo chhe ke ‘men rUp joyun, men gandh sUnghI;’ paN guN-paryAy dravyathI judA nahi hovAthI padArthanun gnAn thAy chhe indriyono sambandh padArtho sAthe thAy chhe, mAtra guN-paryoyo sAthe thato nathI. ।। 17।।

avagrah-gnAn thAy chhe-ihAdik traN gnAn thatAn nathI.

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pa8] [mokShashAstra

1-chAmaDIne chopaDI sparshI tyAre thoDok vakhat (te vastunun gnAn sharU thavA chhatAn) te gnAn potAne pragaTarUp hotun nathI, tethI te chopaDInun gnAn jIvane avyakta- apragaT hovAthI te gnAnane vyanjanAvagrah kahevAmAn Ave chhe.

2- chopaDI upar draShTi paDatAn, pratham je gnAn pragaTarUp thAy chhe te vyakat athavA pragaT padArthano avagrah (arthAvagrah) kahevAy chhe.

vyanjanAvagrah chakShu ane man sivAyanI chAr indriyo dvArA hoy chhe; vyanjanAvagrah pachhI gnAn potAne pragaTarUp thAy chhe tene arthAvagrah kahe chhe. chakShu ane man dvArA arthAvagrah ja thAy chhe.

jem ek mATInA korA vAsaNane pANInA chhAnTA nAkhI bhInjAvavun sharU karavAmAn Ave tyAre thoDAk chhAnTA paDavA chhatAn paN te evA sUkAI jAy chhe ke jonAr te ThAmane bhInjAelun kahI shakatA nathI, topaN yuktithI to ‘te bhInun chhe’ e vAt mAnavI ja paDe chhe; tevI rIte kAn, nAk, jIbh ane tvachA e chAr indriyo potAnA viShayo sAthe bhiDAvAthI gnAn pedA thaI shake chhe tethI pratham ja, thoDA vakhat sudhI viShayano mand sambandh raheto hovAthI gnAn (thavAnI sharUAt thayA chhatAn) pragaT jaNAtun nathI, topaN viShayano sambandh sharU thaI gayo chhe tethI gnAnanun thavun paN sharU thaI gayun chhe-e vAt yuktithI avashya mAnavI paDe chhe. tene (te sharU thaI gayelA gnAn ne) avyakta gnAn athavA vyanjanAvagrah kahe chhe

jyAre vyanjanAvagrahamAn viShayanun svarUp ja spaShTa jANavAmAn nathI Avatun tyAre pachhI visheShatAnI shankA tathA samAdhAnarUp ihAdignAn to kyAthi ja thaI shake? tethI avyaktano avagrahamAtra ja hoy chhe-ihAdik hotAn nathI.

man tathA chakShu dvArA thatun gnAn viShay sAthe bhiDAIne (sparshAIne) thatun nathI paN dUr rahevAthI ja thAy chhe; tethI man ane chakShu dvArA je gnAn thAy te gnAn ‘vyakta’ kahevAy chhe. chakShu tathA man dvArA thatun gnAn avyakta hotun ja nathI, tethI te dvArA arthAvagrah ja thAy chhe.

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a. 1. sUtra 18] [pa9 bhAsavA lAge chhe tyArathI te gnAnane vyaktagnAn kahe chhe-tenun nAm arthAvagrah chhe. A arthAvagrah (artha sahit avagrah) badhI indriyo tathA man dvArA thAy chhe.

te arthAvagrah pachhI IhA thAy chhe. arthAvagrahagnAnamAn koI padArthanI jeTalI visheShatA bhAsI chUkI chhe tenAthI adhik jANavAnI ichchhA thAy to te gnAn satya (nakkI karavA) taraph vadhAre jhUke chhe tene IhAgnAn kahevAmAn Ave chhe; te (IhA) sudraDh hotI nathI. IhAmAn prApta thayel satya viShayano joke pUrNa nishchay nathI hoto topaN gnAnano adhikAnsh tyAn thAy chhe. te (gnAnanA adhikAnsh) viShayanA satyArthagrAhI ja hoy chhe, tethI IhAne satya gnAnomAn gaNAvAmAn Avyun chhe.

‘avAy’ no artha nishchay athavA nirNay thAy chhe; IhA pachhInA kAL sudhI IhAnA viShay par lakShya rahe to gnAn sudraDh thaI jAy chhe ane tene avAy kahe chhe. gnAnanA avagrah, IhA ane avAy e traNe bhedomAnthI avAy utkRuShTa athavA sarvathI adhik visheShagnAn chhe.

dhAraNA e avAy pachhI thAy chhe, paratun temAn k kadhik draDhatA utpanna thavA sivAy bIjI visheShatA nathI. dhAraNA nI sudraDhatAne kAraNe ek evo sanskAr utpanna thAy chhe ke je thaI javAthI pUrvanA anubhavanun smaraN thaI shake chhe.

avagrah thayA pachhI IhA thAy agar na paN thAy. avagrah pachhI IhA thAy to ek IhA ja thaI chhUTI jAy ane kyArek kyArek avAy paN thAy. avAy thayA pachhI dhAraNA thAy agar na paN thAy.

je gnAnamAn be viShay evA AvI paDe ke jemAn ek satya hoy ane bIjo mithyA hoy, to (tevA prasange) je anshanI upar gnAn karavAnun adhik dhyAn hoy tene anusAr e gnAnane satya ke mithyA mAnI levun joIe. jem-ek chandramAne dekhatAn jo be chandramAnun gnAn thAy ane tyAn jo dekhanAranun lakShya kevaL chandramAne samajI levAnI taraph hoy to te gnAnane satya mAnavun joIe, ane jo dekhanAranun lakShya ek-be sankhyA nakkI karavA taraph hoy to te gnAnane asatya (mithyA) mAnavun joIe.

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60] [mokShashAstra

A niyamane anusarIne IhAmAn gnAnano adhikAnsh viShayano satyAnshagrAhI ja hoy chhe tethI IhAne satyagnAnamAn gaNavAmAn Avyun chhe.

shankA–dhAraNA nAm koI upayog gnAnanun chhe ke sanskAranun? shankAkAranI dalIla– jo upayogarUp gnAnanun nAm dhAraNA hoy to, te dhAraNA smaraNane utpanna karavAne samartha nahi thAy, kemake kArya-kAraNarUp padArthomAn paraspar kALanun antar rahI shakatun nathI. dhAraNA kyAre thAy chhe ane smaraN kyAre, temAn kALanun moTun ja antar paDe chhe; jo tene (dhAraNAne) sanskArarUp mAnI smaraNanA samay sudhI vidyamAn mAnavAnI kalpanA karIe to te pratyakShanobhed thato nathI. kemake sanskArarUp gnAn paN smaraNanI apekShAe malin chhe; smaraN upayogarUp hovAthI potAnA samayamAn te bIjo upayog thavA detun nathI ane pote k kvisheSh gnAn utpanna kare chhe; parantu dhAraNA sanskArarUp hovAthI tenA rahevA chhatAn paN anya-anya anek gnAno utpanna thatA rahe chhe ane svayam te dhAraNA to arthanun gnAn ja karAvI shakatI nathI. [A shankAkAranI dalIl chhe, have tenun samAdhAn kare chhe.)

samAdhAna– ‘dhAraNA’ upayogarUp gnAnanun nAm paN chhe ane sanskAranun paN nAm chhe. dhAraNAne pratyakSha gnAnamAn gaNI chhe ane tenI utpatti paN avAyanI pachhI ja thAy chhe; tenun svarUp paN avAyanI apekShAe adhik draDharUp chhe, tethI tene upayogarUp gnAnamAn garbhit karavun joIe.

te dhAraNA smaraNane utpanna kare chhe ane kAryanA pUrva kShaN mAn kAraN rahevun ja joIe mATe tene sanskArarUp paN kahI shakAy chhe. tAtparya e chhe ke je smaraNanA samay sudhI rahe chhe tene koI koI jagyAe dhAraNAthI judun gaNAvyun chhe ane koI koI jagyAe dhAraNAnA nAmathI kahyun chhe. dhAraNA tathA te sanskAramAn kAraN-kArya sambandh chhe. tethI jyAn bhedavivakShA mukhya hoy tyAn judAn gaNavAmAn Ave chhe ane jyAn abhed- vivakShA mukhya hoy tyAn judAn nahi gaNatAn kevaL dhAraNAne ja smaraNanun kAraN kahyun chhe.

e rIte avagrah, IhA, avAy ane dhAraNA e chAr matignAnanA bhedo chhe; tenun svarUp uttarottar taratam-vadhAre vadhAre shuddha hoy chhe ane tene pUrva-pUrva gnAnanun kArya samajavun joIe. ek viShayanI uttarottar visheShatA tenA dvArA jANavAmAn Ave chhe, tethI te chAre gnAnone ek ja gnAnanA visheSh prakAr paN kahI shakAy chhe. mati-smRuti

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a. 1. sUtra 19-20] [61 AdinI mAphak temAn kALano asambandh nathI tathA buddhi-medhAdinI mAphak viShayano asambandh temAn nathI. 18.

matignAnanA 288 bhed 16 mA sUtramAn ApyA chhe. ane vyanjanAvagrah chAr indriyo dvArA thAy chhe tethI tenA bahu, bahuvidh Adi 12 bhed gaNAtAn 48 bhed thAy chhe; e rIte matignAnanA 336 prabhed thAy chhe. 19.

pachhI thAy chhe; te shrutagnAn [द्वयनेकद्वादशभेदम्] be, anek ane bAr bhedavALun chhe.

lagatun sUtra chhe- em samajavun. mithyAshrutagnAn sambandhamAn 31mun sUtra chhe.

(2) shrutagnAna– matignAnathI grahaN karavAmAn AvelA padArthathI, tenAthI judA padArthane grahaN karanArun gnAn shrutagnAn chhe. tenAn daShTAnto-

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62] [mokShashAstra (3) matignAn dvArA jANelA viShayanun avalamban laI je uttar tarkaNA (bIjA viShay

(4) shrutagnAn te gnAnaguNano paryAy chhe, te thavAmAn matignAn nimittamAtra chhe.

(pa) prashna– jagatamAn kAraNanI samAn kArya thAy chhe, tethI matignAn samAn shrutagnAn

uttara– upAdAn kAraNanI samAn kArya thAy chhe, paN nimittakAraN samAn kArya thatun nathI. jem ghaDo thavAmAn danD, chakra, kumbhAr, AkAsh Adi nimitta kAraNo chhe, paN utpanna thayelo ghaDo te danD, chakra, kumbhAr, AkAsh AdinI samAn nathI, bhinna svarUpe ja (mATI svarUpe ja) chhe. tem shrutagnAnanA utpanna thavAmAn mati nAm (phakta nAm) mAtra bAhya kAraN chhe, vaLI tenun svarUp shrutagnAnathI bhinna chhe. (6) shrutagnAn ekavAr thayA pachhI vichAr lambAy tyAre bIjun shrutagnAn matignAn