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a. 1 sUtra 6] [23 pravarte-em be paradvArothI pravarte te parokSha chhe.

pratyakSha kevaL AtmAthI ja pratinishchitapaNe pravarte te pratyakSha chhe. pramAN te sAchun gnAn chhe, tenA pAnch bhedo chhe-mati, shrut, avadhi, manaparyay ane kevaL. temAn mati ane shrut mukhyapaNe parokSha chhe, avadhi ane manaparyay e vikal (ansh) pratyakSha chhe ane kevaLagnAn te sakalapratyakSha chhe.

nay be prakAranA chhe-dravyArthik ane paryAyArthik. temAn je dravya-paryAyasvarUp vastumAn dravyano mukhyapaNe anubhav karAve te dravyArthikanay chhe ane je paryAyano mukhyapaNe anubhav karAve te paryAyArthikanay chhe.

shAstromAn ghaNe ThekANe dravyArthikanay ane paryAyArthikanay em be nayo vAparyA chhe, paN ‘guNArthikanay’ em kyAy vAparavAmAn Avyun nathI, tenun kAraN shun? te kahevAy chhe-

tarka– 1. dravyArthikanay kahetAn teno viShay guN ane paryAyArthikanay kahetAn teno viShay paryAy, tathA e banne bhegun thaIne pramAN te dravya, A rIte gaNIne guNArthikanay vAparyo nathI; A pramANe koI kahe-to e barAbar nathI. kemake ekalA guN te dravyArthikanayano viShay nathI.

tarka– ra. dravyArthikanayano viShay dravya ane paryAyArthikanayano viShay paryAy, tathA te paryAy guNano ansh hovAthI paryAyamAn guN AvI gayA, e rIte gaNIne guNArthikanay vAparyo nathI; A pramANe koI kahe-to tem paN nathI. kemake paryAyamAn Akho guN AvI jato nathI.

shAstromAn dravyArthik ane paryAyArthikanay e be ja nayo vAparavAmAn AvyA chhe, te be nayonun kharUn svarUp e chhe ke-

paryAyArthikanayano viShay jIvano apekShit bandh-mokShano paryAy chhe, ane te rahit (bandh-mokShanI apekShA rahit) trikALI guN ane trikALI nirapekSha paryAy sahit trikALI jIvadravyasAmAnya te dravyArthikanayano viShay chhe-A arthamAn shAstromAn dravyArthik

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24] [mokShashAstra ane paryAyArthikanay vAparavAmAn AvyA chhe, eTale guNArthikanayanI jarUr rahetI nathI. jIv sivAyanA pAnch dravyonA trikALI dhruvasvarUpamAn tenA guN samAI jAy chhe mATe judA guNArthikanayanI jarUr nathI.

shAstromAn dravyArthikanay vApare chhe temAn UnDun rahasya chhe. dravyArthikanayano viShay trikALI dravya chhe ane paryAyArthikanayano viShay kShaNik paryAy chhe. dravyArthikanayanA viShayamAn judo guN nathI kemake guNane judo pADI lakShamAn letAn vikalpa UThe chhe ane vikalpa te paryAyArthikanayano viShay chhe. +

dravyArthikanayane-nishchay, shuddha, satyArtha, paramArtha, bhUtArtha, svAlambI, svAshrit, svatantra, svAbhAvik, trikALI, dhruv, abhed ane svalakShI nay kahevAmAn Ave chhe.

paryAyArthikanayane-vyavahAr, ashuddha, asatyArtha, aparamArtha, abhUtArtha, parAlambI parAshrit, paratantra, nimittAdhIn, kShaNik, utpannadhvansI bhed ane paralakShI nay kahevAmAn Ave chhe.

samyagdraShTine dravyadraShTi, shuddhadraShTi, dharmadraShTi, nishchayadraShTi, paramArthadraShTi, antarAtmA vagere nAmo ApavAmAn Ave chhe.

mithyAdraShTine paryAyabuddhi, sanyogIbuddhi, paryAyamUDh, vyavahAradraShTi, vyavahAramUDh, sansAradraShTi, parAvalambIbuddhi, parAshritadraShTi, bahirAtmA vagere nAmo ApavAmAn Ave chhe.

vyavahAranay svadravya=paradravyane athavA tenA bhAvone athavA kAraN-kAryAdine koInA koImAn meLavI nirUpaN kare chhe tethI evAn ja shraddhAnathI mithyAtva chhe, mATe teno tyAg karavo.

nishchayanay svadravya-paradravyane athavA tenA bhAvone athavA kAraN-kAryAdine yathAvat nirUpaN kare chhe, tathA koIne koImAn meLavato nathI tethI evAn ja shraddhAnathI _________________________________________________________________ + nayanun visheSh svarUp jANavun hoy teNe pravachanasAramAn chhelle 47 nayo ApyA chhe teno

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a. 1 sUtra 6] [2p samyaktva thAy chhe, mATe tenun shraddhAn karavun. e banne nayone samakakShI (sarakhI hadanA) mAnavA te mithyAtva chhe.

vItarAge kahelo vyavahAr ashubhamAnthI bachAvI jIvane shubhabhAvamAn laI jAy chhe; tenun draShTAnt dravyalingI muni chhe; te bhagavAne kahelAn vrat vagere niratichAr pALe chhe ane tethI shubhabhAv vaDe navamI graiveyake jAy chhe, paN teno sansAr Ubho rahe chhe; ane bhagavAne kahelo nishchay shubh ane ashubh bannethI bachAvI jIvane shuddhabhAvamAn-mokShamAn laI jAy chhe, tenun draShTAnt samyagdraShTi chhe ke je niyamA (chokkas) mokSha prApta kare chhe.

jain shAstronA artha karavAnI paddhati- jainashAstromAn vastunun svarUp samajAvavAnA be prakAr chhe nishchayanay ane vyavahAranay.

(1) nishchayanay eTale ke vastu satyArthapaNe jem hoy tem ja kahevun te; mATe nishchayanayanI mukhyatAthI jyAn kathan hoy tyAn tene to ‘satyArtha em ja chhe’ em jANavun ane-

(ra) vyavahAranay eTale ke vastu satyArthapaNe tem na hoy paN par vastu sAtheno sambandh batAvavA mATe kathan hoy-jemake ‘ghIno ghaDo.’ ghaDo te ghIno nathI paN mATIno chhe, chhatAn ghI ane ghaDo banne ek jagyAe rahelAn chhe teTalun batAvavA tene ‘ghIno ghaDo’ kahevAmAn Ave chhe; e rIte jyAn vyavahArathI kathan hoy tyAn ‘kharekhar tem nathI paN nimittAdi batAvavA mATe upachArathI te kathan chhe’ em samajavun.

banne nayonA kathanane satyArtha jANavun arthAt ‘A pramANe paN chhe tathA A pramANe paN chhe’ em mAnavun te bhram chhe. mATe nishchay kathanane satyArtha jANavun ane vyavahArakathanane satyArtha na jANavun, paN nimittAdi batAvanArUn te kathan chhe-em samajavun.

A pramANe banne nayonA kathanano artha karavo te banne nayonun grahaN chhe. bannene AdaravAlAyak gaNavA te bhram chhe. satyArthane ja AdaravAlAyak gaNavun joIe.

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26] [mokShashAstra

je jIv AtmAnA trikALI svarUpane svIkAre paN vartamAn paryAyamAn potAne vikAr chhe te na svIkAre-te nishchayAbhAsI chhe, tene shuShkagnAnI paN kahevAmAn Ave chhe.

jIvane shubhabhAvathI dharma thAy em svIkAre, paN jIvanA trikALI dhruvasvabhAvane na svIkAre ane tethI te taraph potAnun valaN na pherave te vyavahArAbhAsI chhe; tene kriyAjaD paN kahevAmAn Ave chhe. sharIranI kriyAthI dharma thAy em mAne te to vyavahArAbhAsathI paN ghaNe dUr chhe.

nay ‘rAgavALA’ tathA ‘rAgavagaranA’ em be prakAranA chhe; temAn Agamano pratham abhyAs karatAn nayonun je gnAn thAy te rAgasahit nay chhe; tyAn te rAg hovA chhatAn rAgathI dharma nathI em jIv mAne to te nayanun gnAn sAchun chhe, paN jo rAgathI dharma thAy em mAne to te gnAn nayAbhAs chhe. banne nayonun sAchun gnAn karyA pachhI potAnA paryAy uparanun lakSha chhoDI potAnA trikALI shuddha chaitanyasvabhAv taraph jIv lakSha kare tyAre samyagdarshanAdi shuddhabhAv pragaTe chhe tethI te nay rAgarahit nay chhe; tene ‘shuddha nayano Ashray athavA shuddhanayanun avalamban’ paN kahevAmAn Ave chhe; te dashAne ‘nayAtikrAnt’ paN kahevAmAn Ave chhe, tene ja samyagdarshan ane samyaggnAn kahevAmAn Ave chhe ane ‘AtmAno anubhav’ paN tene ja kahevAmAn Ave chhe.

saptabhangI be prakAranI chhe. A sAt bhanganun svarUp chothA adhyAyanA upasanhAramAn Apel chhe tyAnthI jANI levun. be prakAranI saptabhangI chhe, temAn je saptabhangIthI ek guN ke paryAy dvArA Akhun dravya jANavAmAn Ave te pramAN- saptabhangI chhe; ane je saptabhangIthI kahevAmAn Avel guN athavA paryAy dvArA te guN ke paryAyanun gnAn thAy te nayasaptabhangI chhe. A saptabhangInun gnAn karatAn, darek dravya svatantra chhe ane ek dravya bIjA dravyanun kAI karI shake nahi-evI khAtarI thavAthI, anAdinI jIvanI UndhI mAnyatA TaLI jAy chhe.

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a. 1 sUtra 6] [27 mAnavo te bhUl chhe. mokShamArga be nathI parantu mokShamArganun nirUpaN be prakArathI chhe. jyAn sAchA mokShamArganuun nirUpaN karyun chhe te nishchayamokShamArga chhe; tathA je mokShamArga to nathI parantu mokShamArganun nimitta chhe-tene upachArathI mokShamArga kahevAmAn Ave chhe. A shAstramAn mukhyapaNe vyavahAranayathI kathan chhe, kemake temAn jignAsuone samajAvavA mATe bhedo ane nimittonA varNan dvArA kathan karavAmAn Avyun chhe. e lakShamAn rAkhavun ke vyavahAranayanAn shAstro bhedamAn rokavA mATe nathI paN bhedadvArA abhed AtmAne samajAve chhe. tethI tene vyavahAr shAstro kahevAmAn Ave chhe. jo AtmAnun abhedapaNun jIv na samaje ane mAtra bhedane ja jANe to tene rAg TaLe nahi ane dharma thAy nahi; mATe AtmAnun abhedapaNun samajavAnI jarUr chhe. jo bhed pADIne kahevAmAn na Ave to jIvo vastusvarUp samajI shake nahi, mATe bhedo dvArA vastusvarUp samajAvavAmAn Ave chhe.

jainashAstromAn anekAnta sAchA jIvAdI tattvonun nirUpaN chhe, tathA sAcho ratnatrayarUp mokShamArga batAvyo chhe; mATe jo jIv tenI oLakhAN kare to mithyAdraShTi rahe nahi, temAn vItarAgabhAv poShavAnun ja prayojan chhe, paN rAgabhAv (puNya- pApabhAv) poShavAnun prayojan nathI; mATe jeo rAgathI-puNyathI dharma thAy em mAne chhe teo jainashAstranA marmane jANatA nathI.

je manuShyasharIrane potAnun mAne, hun manuShya chhun em mAne, sharIr te hun chhun athavA sharIr mArun chhe em mAne chhe eTale ke sharIranun kAI kArya jIv karI shake em mAne chhe te AtmA ane anant rajakaNone ekarUp mAnato hovAthI (arthAt ‘anant’nA meLApane ‘ek’ mAnato hovAthI) mithyAdraShTi chhe; ane tenun gnAn te nishchayakunay chhe. hun manuShya chhun evI mAnyatA pUrvak vartan karavun te teno (mithyAdraShTino) vyavahAr chhe tethI te vyavahAr-kunay chhe. kharI rIte to te vyavahArane nishchay gaNe chhe jemake-‘sharIr te hun.’-A draShTAntamAn sharIr par chhe, te jIv sAthe mAtra ekakShetrAvagAhe chhe chhatAn tene potArUp mAnyun tethI teNe vyavahArane nishchay gaNyo. ‘hun te sharIr’ em paN te mAne chhe, tethI teNe nishchayane vyavahAr gaNyo chhe. par dravyonun pote karI shake ane par potAne lAbh-nukashAn karI shake em mAnatA hovAthI teo mithyA ekAntI chhe.

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28] [mokShashAstra

samasta sAchI vidyAnA mULarUp potAnA bhagavAn AtmAnA svabhAvane prApta thavun, AtmAnA svabhAvanI bhAvanAmAn joDAvun ane AtmasvabhAvamAn sthiratA vadhAravI te samyak anekAntadraShTi chhe. samyagdraShTi jIv potAnA ekarUp-dhruvasvabhAvarUp AtmAno Ashray kare chhe te teno nishchay-sunay chhe, ane achalit chaitanyavilAsarUp AtmavyavahAr (shuddhaparyAy) je pragaT thAy te teno vyavahAr-sunay chhe.

samyagdarshan te shraddhAguNano shuddhaparyAy chhe, teno viShay AtmAno trikALI shuddha chaitanyabhAv chhe. samyaggnAn te gnAnaguNano shuddha paryAy chhe, teno viShay AtmAno trikALI chaitanyabhAv tathA vartamAn paryAy e banne chhe. samyakchAritra te chAritraguNano shuddha paryAy chhe, tenun kArya samyagdarshan-gnAnapUrvak potAnA svarUpamAn sthiratA karavI ane siddhadashArUp kAryane utpanna karavun te chhe.

darek vastu svadravya, svakShetra, svakAL ane svabhAve potAthI chhe ane par vastunA dravya-kShetra-kAL-bhAve te vastu nathI, tethI darek vastu potAnun ja kArya karI shake-em jANavun te kharI nIti chhe. jinendradeve kahelun anekAntasvarUp, pramAN ane nishchay vyavahArarUp nay e ja nIti chhe. je satyapurUSho anekAnta sAthe susangat draShTi vaDe anekAntamay vastusthitine dekhe chhe teo syAdvAdanI shuddhine pAmIne-jANIne eTale ke jineshvaranA mArgane-nyAyane nahi ullanghatA thakA gnAnasvarUp thAy chhe.

nondha– (1) anekAntane samajAvavAnI rItane ‘syAdvAd’ kahevAmAn Ave chhe. (ra) samyak-anekAntane pramAN kahevAmAn Ave chhe te TUnkun kathan chhe; kharI rIte samyak-anekAntanun gnAn te pramAN chhe. tem ja samyak ekAntane nay kahevAmAn Ave chhe te TUnkun kathan chhe, kharI rIte samyak ekAntanun gnAn te nay chhe.

mithyA ekAntadraShTine vItarAg bhagavAn parigrah kahe chhe, ane te samyak anekAntadraShTi vaDe dUr thaI shake chhe.

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a. 1 sUtra 6] [29 paN vaparAy chhe; jem ke sarva jIvo dravyaapekShAe siddhasamAn chhe, 1 AtmAnA siddha paryAyane ‘nishchayaparyAy’ra kahevAmAn Ave chhe, ane AtmAmAn thatAn vikArI bhAvane ‘nishchayabandh’3 kahevAmAn Ave chhe.

potAnA dravya ke paryAyane jyAre nishchay kahevAmAn Ave chhe tyAre, AtmAnI sAthe paradravyano je sambandh hoy tene AtmAnA kahevAmAn Ave te vyavahAr chhe-te upachAr-kathan chhe; jem ke jaD-karmane AtmAnAn kahevAn te vyavahAr chhe; jaD karma te paradravyanI avasthA chhe, AtmAnI avasthA nathI-chhatAn tene AtmAnAn kahevAmAn Ave chhe, te kathan nimitta-naimittik sambandh batAvavA mATe hovAthI te vyavahAranay chhe- upachArakathan chhe.

A adhyAyanA 33 mA sUtramAn ApelA nay te AtmAne tathA darek dravyane lAgu paDatA hovAthI tene vyavahArashAstramAn nishchayanayanA vibhAg gaNavAmAn Ave chhe. e sAt nayomAnthI pahelA traN, dravyArthikanayanA vibhAg chhe ane pachhInA chAr, paryAyArthikanayanA vibhAg chhe; paN te sAte nayo bhed hovAthI, ane tenA lakShe rAg thato hovAthI ane te rAg TALavA yogya hovAthI adhyAtma shAstromAn te badhAne vyavahAranayanA peTA vibhAgo gaNavAmAn Ave chhe.

shuddha dravyArthikanayanI draShTie AtmA trikAL shuddha chaitanyasvarUp chhe-ahIn (trikAL shuddha kahevAmAn) vartamAn vikArI paryAy gauN karavAmAn Ave chhe. te vikArI paryAyaavasthA hovAthI te paryAyArthikanayano viShay chhe; ane jyAre te vikArI dashA AtmAmAn thAy chhe em batAvavun hoy tyAre, te vikArI paryAy ashuddhadravyArthikanayano viShay thAy chhe. te paryAy paradravyanA sanyoge thAy chhe em batAvavun hoy tyAre te vikArI paryAy vyavahAranayano viShay thAy chhe.

AtmAno adhUro paryAy paN vyavahArano viShay chhe, tyAn vyavahArano artha bhed thAy chhe-em samajavun.

ratnatray jIvathI abhinna chhe em gnAn karavun te dravyArthikanayanun svarUp chhe tathA ratnatray jIvathI bhinna chhe em gnAn karavun te paryAyArthikanayanun svarUp chhe, ane ratnatrayamAn abhedapUrvak pravRutti hovI te nishchayanayathI mokShamArga chhe, tathA bhedapUrvak pravRutti hovI te vyavahAranayathI mokShamArga chhe.

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30] [mokShashAstra

nishchayaratnatrayanun je samarthan karavAmAn Ave chhe tenun tAtparya e chhe ke- bhedapravRutti te vyavahAraratnatray chhe ane abhed pravRutti te nishchayaratnatray chhe.

he jIv! pratham tAre dharma karavo chhe ke nahi te nakkI kar. jo dharma karavo hoy to ‘parane Ashraye mAro dharma nathI’ evI shraddhA dvArA parAshray upar abhiprAyamAn pratham kAp mUk. parathI je je potAmAn thatun mAnyun chhe te te mAnyatAne sAchA bhAnavaDe bALI nAkh. jem sAt (puNya-pAp sahit nav) tattvone jANI temAnthI jIvano ja Ashray karavo bhUtArtha chhe, tem adhigamanA upAyo je pramAN, nay, nikShep chhe tene jANI, temAnthI ek jIvano ja Ashray karavo bhUtArtha chhe ane te ja samyagdarshan chhe- em samajavun. 6.

svAmitva, sAdhan, adhikaraN, sthiti ane vidhAn-tenAthI paN samyagdarshanAdi tathA jIvAdik tattvono vyavahAr thAy chhe.

1–nirdesh-vastusvarUpanA kathanane nirdesh kahe chhe. ra–svAmitva-vastunA adhikArIpaNAne svAmitva kahe chhe. 3–sAdhan-vastunI utpattinA kAraNane sAdhan kahe chhe. 4–adhikaraN-vastunA AdhArane adhikaraN kahe chhe. pa–sthiti-vastunA kALanI avadhine sthiti kahe chhe. 6–vidhAn-vastunA bhedone vidhAn kahe chhe. upar kahyA te chha prakAre samyagdarshananun varNan nIche pramANe chhe 1–nirdesh-jIvAdi sAt tattvonI yathArtha shraddhApUrvak nij shuddhAtmAno pratibhAs-vishvAs-pratIti.

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a. 1 sUtra 7] [31 (antarangakAraN) to potAnA shuddhAtmAnA trikALI gnAyakabhAv (pAriNAmikabhAv) no Ashray chhe; ane bAhya kAraN judA judA prakAranA hoy chhe. tiryanch ane manuShyagatimAn 1-jAtismaraN, ra-dharmashravaN agar 3-jinabimbadarshan-e nimitto hoy chhe; devagatimAn bAramA svarga pahelAn 1-jAtismaraN, ra-dharmashravaN, 3-jin- kalyANakadarshan agar 4-devaRuddhidarshan hoy chhe ane tenAthI AgaL soLamA svarga sudhI 1-jAti smaraN, 2-dharmashravaN agar 3-jinakalyANak darshan hoy chhe. nav graiveyakomAn 1-jAtismaraN agar ra-dharma-shravaN hoy chhe. narakagatimAn trIjI narak sudhI jAtismaraN, dharma-shravaN agar dukhAnubhav nimitta hoy chhe ane chothAthI sAtamI narak sudhI jAtismaraN agar dukhAnubhav nimitta hoy chhe.

nondha– upar je dharmashravaN jaNAvyun chhe te dharmashravaN samyaggnAnIo pAsethI karyun hovun joIe.

shankA– sarve nArakI jIvo vibhangagnAn dvArA ek, be yA traNAdi bhav jANe chhe tethI badhAne jAtismaraN thAy chhe mATe badhA nArakI jIvo samyagdraShTi thaI javA joIe ne?

samAdhAna– sAmAnyarUpe bhavasmaraN dvArA samyakatvanI prApti thatI nathI, paN pUrvabhavamAn dharmabuddhithI karelAn anuShThAno UndhAn (viphaL) hatAn evI pratIti pratham samyakatvanI utpattinun kAraN thAy chhe, e lakShamAn rAkhI bhavasmaraNane samyakatvanI utpattinun kAraN kahyun chhe. nArakI jIvone pUrvabhavanun smaraN hovA chhatAn upar kahelA upayogano ghaNAne abhAv hoy chhe. upar kahelA prakAravALun jAtismaraN pratham samyakatvanI utpattinun kAraN thAy chhe.

shankA– nArakI jIvone dharmashravaN kevI rIte sambhave chhe, tyAn to RuShionA (sAdhuonA) gamanano abhAv chhe?

samAdhAna– potAnA pUrvabhavanA sambandhIone dharma utpanna karAvavAmAn pravRutta ane tamAm bAdhAo rahit samyagdraShTi devonun tyAn (trIjI narak sudhI) gaman hoy chhe.

shankA– jo vedanAno anubhav samyaktvanI utpattinun kAraN hoy to badhA nArakIone vedanAno anubhav chhe mATe badhAne samyaktva thavun joIe ne?

samAdhAna– vedanA sAmAnya samyaktvanI utpattinun kAraN nathI; paN je jIvone evo upayog hoy chhe ke-A vedanA mithyAtvane kAraNe utpatti thai chhe-te jIvone vedanA samyakatvanI utpattinun kAraN thAy chhe; bIjA jIvone vedanA, samyakatvanI

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32] [mokShashAstra utpattinun kAraN thatun nathI. (shrI dhavalA pustak chhaThThun, pRuShTha 4rar-4ra3)

vALe tene) nidhatta ane nikAchitarUp mithyAtvAdi karmakalApano paN kShay dekhavAmAn Ave chhe; tethI jinabimbadarshan pratham samyakatvanI utpattinun kAraN thAy chhe. (shrI dhavalA. pustak chhaThThun, pRuShTha 4ra7-4ra8]

4–adhikaraNa– samyagdarshananun Abhyantar adhikaraN AtmA chhe ane bAhya adhikaraN trasanADI chhe. [lokAkAshanI madhyamAn chaud rAju lAmbI ane ek rAju pahoLI je saLang jagyA chhe tene trasanADI kahevAy chhe.)

pa–sthiti– traNe prakAranA samyagdarshananI nAnAmAn nAnI sthiti antarmuhUrta chhe. aupashamikanI utkRuShTa sthiti paN teTalI ja chhe, kShAyopashamikanI utkRuShTa sthiti 66 sAgar chhe ane kShAyikanI sthiti sAdi-anant chhe, tathA sansAramAn rahevAnI apekShAe tenI utkRuShTa sthiti 33 sAgar tathA antarmuhUrta sahit ATh varSha kam-be kroDIpUrva chhe.

6–vidhAna– samyagdarshan ek prakAre, athavA svaparyAyanI lAyakAtanI apekShAe traN prakAre-aupashamik, kShAyopashamik ane kShAyik; athavA AgnA, mArga, bIj, upadesh, sUtra, sankShep, vistAr, artha, avagADh ane param-avagADh em dash prakAre chhe.।। 7।।

sat, sankhyA, kShetra, sparshan, kAL, antar, bhAv ane alpabahutva e ATh anuyog dvArA paN padArthanun gnAn thAy chhe.

sat ane sankhyA–te dravya, guN, paryAyanA sattvanI apekShAe peTA bhed chhe. sat sAmAnya chhe, sankhyA visheSh chhe.

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a. 1 sUtra 8] [33

bhAv ane alpabahutva–te bhAvanA peTA bhed chhe. bhAv sAmAnya chhe, alpabahutva visheSh chhe.

sat–vastunA astitvane sat kahe chhe. sankhyA–vastunA parimANonI gaNatarIne sankhyA kahe chhe. kShetra–vastunA vartamAn kALanA nivAsane kShetra kahe chhe. sparshan–vastunA traNekAL sambandhI nivAsane sparshan kahe chhe. kAL–vastunI sthir rahevAnI maryAdAne kAL kahe chhe. antar–vastunA virahakALane antar kahe chhe. bhAv–guNane athavA aupashamik, kShAyik Adi pAnch bhAvone bhAv kahe chhe. alpabahutva–anya padArthanI apekShAthI vastunI hInatA-adhikatAnA varNanane alpabahutva kahe chhe.

anuyog–bhagavAne kahelo upadesh viShay anusAr judA judA adhikAramAn Avelo chhe, te darek adhikArane anuyog kahe chhe. samyakgnAnano upadesh ApavA arthe pravRutta thayelo adhikAr te anuyog chhe.

jo ‘sat’ shabda sAmAnyathI samyagdarshanAdinun hovApaNun kahenAro hoy to nirdeshamAn teno samAvesh thaI jAy, paN gati, Indriy, kAy, yog vagere chaud mArgaNAo chhe temAn kaI jagyAe kyA prakAranun samyagdarshan chhe ane kyA prakAranun nathI te prakAranA visheShanun gnAn ‘sat’thI thAy chhe, ‘nirdesh’thI e gnAn thatun nathI; e pramANe sat ane nirdeshamAn taphAvat chhe.

‘sat’ shabdanun evun sAmarthya chhe ke, te anadhikRut padArthonun (jeno adhikAr na hoy tevA padArthonun) paN gnAn karAvI shake chhe. jo ‘sat’ shabda na vAparyo hot to AgalA sUtramAn samyagdarshan vagere tathA jIv Adi sAt tattvonun ja astitva (‘nirdesh’ shabdane kAraNe) chhe evun gnAn thAt, ane jIvanA krodh, mAn Adi paryAy tathA pudgalanA varNa, gandh Adi tathA ghaT paT Adi paryAy-jeno A adhikAr nathI- tenun astitva nathI-evo artha thAt; mATe jIvamAn krodhAdi chhe tathA pudgalamAn varNAdi chhe evA anadhikRut padArtho chhe evun gnAn karAvavA mATe ‘sat’ shabda A sUtramAn vAparyo chhe.

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prakAranI gaNanA te vidhAn chhe ane te bhedanI gaNanAne (bhedane) sankhyA kahe chhe; jemake samyagdraShTinA traN prakAr chhe-(1) aupashamik samyagdraShTi (ra) kShAyopashamik samyagdraShTi ane (3) kShAyik samyagdraShTi. e traN to prakAr chhe, tenI gaNatarI karavI ke aupashamik samyagdraShTi keTalA, kShAyopashamik samyagdraShTi keTalA athavA kShAyik samyagdraShTi keTalA-e bhedagaNanA chhe. A visheShatAnun gnAn ‘sankhyA’ shabdathI thAy chhe; bhedonI gaNatarInI visheShatA jaNAvavAnun je kAraN thAy chhe, te ‘sankhyA’ chhe.

‘vidhAn’ shabdamAn mUL padArthanA bhedo grahaN karavA ja mAnyA chhe, tethI bhedonA anek prakAranA bhedonun grahaN karavA mATe ‘sankhyA’ shabda vaparAy chhe.

‘vidhAn’ kahevAthI bhed-prabhed AvI jAy em gaNavAmAn Ave to, visheSh spaShTatA mATe ‘sankhyA’ shabda vAparavAmAn Avyo chhe em samajavun.

‘adhikaraN’ shabda thoDIk jagyA sUchave chhe tethI te vyApya chhe. ‘kShetra’ shabda vyApak chhe, te adhik jagyA sUchave chhe. ‘adhikaraN’ kahevAthI sampUrNa padArthonun gnAn thatun nathI. kShetra kahevAthI sampUrNa padArthonun gnAn thAy chhe; mATe samasta padArthonA gnAn mATe ‘kShetra’ shabda A sUtramAn vAparyo chhe.

‘kShetra’ shabda adhikaraNathI visheShatA sUchave chhe, to paN te ekadeshano viShay kare chhe ane ‘sparshan’ shabda sarvadeshano viShay kare chhe. jem-koIe pUchhayun ke ‘rAjA kyAn rahe chhe?’ uttar Apyo ke ‘amuk nagaramAn rahe chhe.’ ahIn sampUrNa nagaramAn rAjA raheto nathI parantu nagaranA ek deshamAn rahe chhe tethI rAjAno nivAs nagaranA ekadeshamAn hovAthI ‘nagar’ kShetra chhe. koIe pUchhayun ke ‘tel kyAn chhe?’ uttar Apyo ke ‘tel talamAn rahe chhe.’ ahIn sarvatra tel rahevAnA kAraNe tal te telanun sparshan chhe; evI rIte kShetra ane sparshan vachche ek taphAvat chhe.

kShetra vartamAn kALano viShay chhe, sparshan trikALagochar viShay chhe. vartamAn apekShAe jaL ghaDAmAn chhe, paN te trikAL nathI. traNekAL je jagyAe padArthanI sattA rahe tenun nAm sparshan chhe; evI rIte kShetra ane sparshanano bIjo taphAvat chhe.

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a. 1 sUtra 8] [3p shabda vyApak chhe, te badhA padArthonI maryAdA batAve chhe. ‘sthiti’ thoDA ja padArthonun gnAn karAve chhe. ‘kAL’ sarva padArthonun gnAn karAve chhe. ‘kAL’nA be prakAr chhe- (1) nishchayakAL, (ra) vyavahArakAL. nishchayakAL te mukhyakAL chhe, ane paryAyavishiShTa padArthonI had batAvanAro arthAt kalAk, ghaDI, paL Adi vyavahArakAL chhe-em ‘kAL’ shabda batAve chhe. ‘sthiti’no artha kALanI maryAdA chhe arthAt ‘amuk padArtha amuk jagyAe ATalo kAL rahe’ te vAtane ‘sthiti’ shabda batAve chhe; eTale kAL ane sthiti e bemAn taphAvat chhe.

‘bhAv’ shabda nikShepanA sUtramAn chhe chhatAn ahIn shA mATe?

nikShepanA sUtra (sUtra-pa) mAn ‘bhAv’no artha evo chhe ke-vartamAnamAn je avasthA mojUd hoy tene bhAvanikShep jANavo ane bhaviShyamAn je avasthA thavAnI hoy tene vartamAnamAn chhe-em kahevun te dravyanikShep chhe; ane ahIn(sUtra-8 mAn) ‘bhAv’ shabdanA ullekhathI aupashamik, kShAyik Adi bhAvonun grahaN chhe. jemake aupashamik paN samyagdarshan ane kShAyik Adi paN samyagdarshan kahevAy chhe; em banne ThekANe (sUtra pa mAn tathA sUtra 8 mAn) ‘bhAv’ shabdanun judun judun prayojan chhe.

keTalAk shiShyo to thoDun kahevAthI visheSh tAtparya samajI le chhe; ane keTalAk shiShyo evA hoy chhe ke jyAre vistArathI kahevAmAn Ave tyAre te samajI shake. param kalyANamay AchAryano uddesh harekane tattvonun svarUp samajAvavAno chhe. pramAN-nayathI ja samasta padArthonun gnAn thai shake chhe chhatAn vistArakathanathI samajI shake tevA jIvone nirdesh Adi tathA sat sankhyAdinun gnAn karAvavA mATe judAn judAn sUtro kahyAn chhe; mATe ‘ek sUtramAn bIjAno samAvesh thai jAy chhe mATe vistAr vyartha chhe’ evI shankA vyAjabI nathI.

prashna– jinabimb(jinapratimA) nA darshanathI samyagdarshanarUp phaL thavun shAstramAn kahyun chhe to darshan karanAr badhAnne te phaL thavun joie, chhatAn badhAnne e phaL kem thatun nathI?

uttara– sarvagnanI sattA (hovApaNA) no jeNe nirNay karyo hoy chhe tene jinapratimAnA darshanathI samyagdarshan phaL thAy chhe, bIjAne thatun nathI bIjAoe sarvagnano nishchay to karyo nathI, paN mAtra kuLapaddhatithI, sampradAyanA AshrayathI agar mithyAdharmabuddhithI darshan-pUjanAdirUp teo pravarta chhe, keTalAk matapakShanA haThAgrahIpaNAthI anyadevane mAnatA nathI, mAtra jinadevAdinA sevak banI rahyA chhe. e badhAne niyamathI potAnA AtmakalyANarUp kAryanI siddhi thatI nathI.

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prashna– sarvagnanI sattAno nishchay amArAthI na thayo tethI shun thayun? e dev to sAchA chhe mATe pUjanAdi karavAn aphaL thoDAn ja jAy chhe?

uttara– kinchit mandakaShAyarUp pariNati thashe to puNyabandh thashe, parantu jinamatamAn to devanA darshanathI samyagdarshanarUp phaL thavun kahyun chhe te to niyamathI sarvagnanI sattA jANavAthI ja thashe, anya prakAre nahi thAy. tethI jene sAchA jainI thavun chhe teNe to satdev, satguru ane satshAstrane Ashraye sarvagnanI sattAno tattvanirNay karavo yogya chhe; paN jeo tattvanirNay to nathI karatAn ane pUjA, stotra, darshan, tyAg, tap, vairAgya, sanyam, santoSh Adi badhay kAryo kare chhe tenAn e badhAy kAryo asatya chhe. mATe sat Agamanun sevan, yuktinun avalamban, parApar sadguruono upadesh ane svAnubhav dvArA tattvanirNay karavo yogya chhe.

prashna– mithyAdraShTi dev chAr kAraNothI pratham aupashamik samyakatva pragaT kare chhe, em kahyun-temAn ek kAraN ‘jinamahimA’ kahyun chhe, paN jinabimbadarshan na kahyun tenun shun kAraN?

uttara– jinabimbadarshanano jinamahimAdarshanamAn samAvesh thaI jAy chhe kemake jinabimb vinA jinamahimAnI utpatti thatI nathI.

prashna– svargAvataraN, janmAbhiShek ane pariniShkramaNarUp jinamahimA jinabimb vinA karavAmAn Ave chhe tethI jinamahimAdarshanamAn jinabimbapaNAnun avinAbhAvIpaNun na Avyun?

uttara– svargAvataraN, janmAbhiShek ane pariniShkramaNarUp jinamahimAmAn paN bhAvI jinabimbanun darshan thAy chhe. bIjI rIte jotAn e mahimAmAn utpanna thatun pratham samyakatva mATe jinabimbadarshan nimitta nathI paN jinaguNashravaN nimitta chhe.

prashna– devaRuddhidarshanamAn jAtismaraNano samAvesh kem na thAy? uttara– potAnI aNimAdik Ruddhione dekhIne jyAre evo vichAr utpanna thAy chhe ke-A Ruddhio jinabhagavAne upadeshelA dharmAnuShThAnathI utpanna thaI chhe, tyAre pratham samyakatvanI prApti mATe jAtismaraNanimitta thAy chhe; paN jyAre saudharmAdik devonI mahARuddhio dekhIne evun gnAn utpanna thAy chhe ke-samyagdarshan sahitanA sanyamanA phaLathI-shubhabhAvathI-te utpanna thaI chhe ane hun samyakatvarahitanA dravyasanyamanA phaLathI vAhanAdik nIch devomAn utpanna thayo chhun tyAre pratham samyakatvanun grahaN devaRuddhidarshan nimittak thAy chhe, A rIte jAtismaraN ane devaRuddhidarshan e be kAraNomAn pher chhe.

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a. 1 sUtra 9] [37

nondha– nArakIomAn jAtismaraN ane vedanArUp kAraNomAn paN A vivek lAgu pADI levo.

prashna– ANat, prANat, AraN ane achyut A chAr kalponA mithyAdraShTi devone pratham samyakatvamAn devaRuddhidarshan kAraN kem kahyun nathI?

uttara– e chAr kalpomAn mahARuddhivALA uparanA devonun Agaman hotun nathI, tethI tyAn mahARuddhidarshanarUp pratham samyakatvanI utpattinun kAraN kahevAmAn Avyun nathI, te ja kalpomAn sthit devonI mahARuddhinun darshan pratham samyakatvanI utpattinun nimitta thatun nathI; kemake te Ruddhione vAramvAr jovAthI vismay thatun nathI. vaLI te kalpomAn shuklaleshyAnA sadbhAvane kAraNe mahARuddhinA darshanathI koI sankaleshabhAv utpanna thato nathI.

nav graiveyakomAn mahARuddhidarshan nathI, kemake tyAn uparanA devonA Agamanano abhAv chhe. jinamahimAdarshan paN tyAn nathI, kemake te vimAnavAsI devo nandIshvarAdik mahotsav jovA jatA nathI. avadhignAnathI jinamahimAo teo dekhe chhe, toy te devone rAg ochho hovAthI jinamahimAdarshanathI temane vismay utpanna thato nathI.

jignAsu jIvoe jIvAdi dravyo tathA tattvone pichhANavAn; tyAgavAyogya evAn mithyAtva-rAgAdi tathA grahaN karavA yogya evAn samyakdarshanAdikanun svarUp oLakhavun, pramAN-nayovaDe tattvagnAn prApta karavun, tathA nirdesh, svAmitvAdivaDe ane sat- sankhyAdivaDe temanA visheSho jANavA. 8.

मतिश्रुतावधिमनःपर्ययकेवलानि ज्ञानम्।। ९।।

manaparyay ane kevaL e pAnch [ज्ञानम्] gnAn chhe.

matignAn– pAnch Indriyo ane man dvArA (potAnI shakti anusAr) je gnAn thAy te matignAn chhe.

shrutagnAn–matignAn dvArA jANavAmAn AvelA padArthane visheSharUpathI jANavo te shrutagnAn chhe.

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avadhignAn–je Indriy ke mananA nimitta vinA rUpI padArthone dravya, kShetra, kAL ane bhAvanI maryAdAsahit pratyakSha jANe te avadhignAn chhe.

manaparyayagnAn–je Indriy ke mananA nimitta vinA ja anya puruShanA manamAn sthit rUpI padArthone dravya, kShetra, kAL ane bhAvanI maryAdA sahit pratyakSha jANe te manaparyayagnAn chhe.

kevaLagnAn–je sarva dravyo ane tenA sarva paryAyone yugapat (ek sAthe) pratyakSha jANe te kevaLagnAn chhe.

gnAnaguN ek chhe; tenA paryAyanA A pAnch prakAr chhe; temAn ek prakAr jyAre upayogarUp hoy tyAre bIjo prakAr upayogarUp hoy nahi, tethI e pAnchamAnthI ek samaye ek ja gnAnano prakAr upayogarUp hoy chhe.

samyaggnAn samyagdarshanapUrvak hoy chhe; samyagdarshan kAraN chhe ane samyaggnAn kArya chhe. samyaggnAn e AtmAnA gnAnaguNano shuddha paryAy chhe, AtmAthI koI judI te chIj nathI. samyaggnAnanun svarUp nIche pramANe chhe-

gnAnamAn e traNe sharato pUrI paDatI hoy te samyaggnAn chhe; arthAt jo gnAnamAn viShayapratibodh sAthe sAthe potAnun svarUp pratibhAsit thAy ane te paN yathArtha hoy to te gnAn samyaggnAn chhe.

shrI jinendradeve kahelA gnAnanA samasta bhedane jANIne, parabhAvone chhoDIne, nijasvarUpamAn sthir thaI, jIv-je chaitanyachamatkAr mAtra chhe-temAn je praveshe chhe te turat ja mokShane pAme chhe. 9.

(sAchAn gnAn) chhe.

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a. 1 sUtra 10] [39

navamA sUtramAn kahyAn te pAnch gnAn ja pramAN chhe, bIjAn koI paN pramAN-gnAn nathI. tenA (pramANanA) be bhed chhe-(1) pratyakSha ane (ra) parokSha. Indriyo ke Indriyo ane padArthono sambandh (sannikarSha) e koI pramAN nathI-em samajavun; eTale ke IndriyothI gnAn thatun nathI agar to Indriyo ane padArthonA sambandhathI gnAn thatun nathI paN upar kahelAn mati Adi gnAn potAthI thAy chhe mATe gnAn pramAN chhe.

prashna– Indriyo pramAN chhe kemake te vaDe gnAn thAy chhe? uttara– nahi, Indriyo jaD chhe ane gnAn to chetanano paryAy chhe te jaD nathI; mATe AtmA vaDe ja gnAn thAy chhe.

prashna– sAmo gney padArtha hoy tenAthI gnAn thAy-e to kharun ne? uttara– te sAchun nathI; jo sAmo padArtha (gney) ane AtmA e be maLIne gnAn thAy to gnAtA ane gney e bannenun phaL gnAn thayun-to bannene gnAn thavun joIe, paN tem thatun nathI.

upAdAn ane nimitta e be thaIne ek kArya kare to upAdAn ane nimittanun svatantrapaNun rahyun nahi; upAdAn nimittane kAI kare nahi ane nimitta upAdAnane kAI kare nahi. te vakhate ekabIjAne anukUL darek potapotAthI potapotAne kAraNe potA mATe hAjar hoy chhe. upAdAn nimitta banne bhegAn thaIne kAm kare to banne upAdAn thaI jAy-paN tem bane nahi.

A bAbatamAn evo niyam chhe ke-apUrNa gnAnano ughAD je vakhate potAno vyApAr kare tyAre tene lAyak bAhya padArtho eTale ke Indriyo, ajavALun, gney padArtho, guru, shAstra vagere (par dravyo) potapotAne kAraNe hAjar hoy ja, gnAnane tenI vAT jovI paDe nahi. nimitta-1 naimittikano tathA raupAdAn-nimittano evo meL hoy chhe.

prashna– samyaggnAnanun phaL tame adhigam kaho chho, paN te (adhigam) to gnAn _________________________________________________________________

1. je kArya thayun tene nimitta apekShAe kahevun hoy tyAre te kArya naimittik kahevAy chhe. ra. je kArya thayun tenA nishchay ane vyavahAr kAraNo batAvavAn hoy tyAre ‘upAdAn-nimitta’ kahevAy chhe.

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ja chhe, tethI samyaggnAnanun kAI phaL na hoy tem lAge chhe? uttara– Anand (santoSh), upekShA (rAg-dveSh rahitapaNun) ane agnAnano nAsh e samyaggnAnanun phaL chhe. (sarvArthasiddhi pAnun-334)

navamA sUtramAn kahelAn pAnch samyaggnAn e ja pramAN chhe, te sivAy bIjAo judAn judAn pramANo kahe chhe paN te vAt kharI nathI. je jIvane samyaggnAn thayun hoy te potAnA samyakmati ane samyakshrutagnAn vaDe potAne samyaktva thayAno nirNay karI shake chhe, ane te gnAn pramAN arthAt sAchun gnAn chhe. 10.

parokSha pramAN chhe.

ahIn pramAN arthAt sAchAn gnAnanA bhedomAnthI sharUAtanA be eTale ke matignAn ane shrutagnAn te parokSha pramAN chhe. e gnAn parokSha chhe tethI sanshayavALAn ke bhUlavALAn chhe-em mAnavun nahi; e to tadna sAchAn ja chhe. e gnAnanA upayog vakhate indriy ke man nimitta chhe tethI par apekShAe tene parokSha kahyAn chhe, sva apekShAe pAnche prakAranAn gnAn pratyakSha chhe.

prashna– tyAre samyakmatignAnavALo jIv potAne samyaggnAn ane samyagdarshan chhe em jANI shake?

uttara– gnAn samyak chhe mATe potAne samyaggnAn thayAno nirNay barAbar karI shake, ane samyaggnAn hoy tyAn samyagdarshan avinAbhAvI chhe mATe teno nirNay karI shake ja. jo nirNay na karI shake to potAno anirNay eTale anadhyavasAy thayo, ane em thAy to tevun gnAn mithyAgnAn chhe.

prashna– samyakmatignAnI darshanamohanIy prakRitinA pudgalone pratyakSha joI shakato nathI ane tenAn pudgalo udayarUp hoy ane jIv temAn joDAto hoy to tenI bhUl na thAy?

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a. 1 sUtra 11] [41

uttara– jo bhUl thAy to gnAn viparIt thayun ane tethI te gnAn ‘samyak’ na kahevAy. jem sharIr bagaDatAn ashAtAvedanIyano uday chhe ane shAtAvedanIyano uday nathI tevun karmanA rajakaNo pratyakSha dekhyA vagar shrutagnAnanA baLavaDe sAchun jANI shake chhe, tem potAnA gnAn-anubhavathI shrutagnAnanA baL vaDe darshanamohanIy karma udayarUp nathI em samyak (yathArtha) jANI shake chhe.

prashna– samyakmatignAn bIjo jIv bhavya chhe ke abhavya chhe te jANI shake? uttara– A bAbatamAn shrI dhavalAshAstramAn (pustak chhaThThun-pAnun 17) nIche pramANe jaNAvyun chhe-

“avagrahathI grahaN karavAmAn Avel arthane visheSh jANavAnI AkAnkShA te ‘IhA’ chhe. jem koI puruShane dekhI ‘shun A bhavya chhe ke abhavya chhe?’ e prakAranI visheSh parIkShA karavAne ‘IhAgnAn’ kahe chhe. IhAgnAn sandeharUp nathI, kemake IhAtmak vichArabuddhithI sandehano vinAsh thaI jAy chhe. sandehathI upar ane avAyathI nIche tathA antarALamAn pravRutta thatI vichArabuddhinun nAm IhA chhe.

IhAgnAnathI jANelA padArthaviShayak sandehanun dUr thaI javun te ‘avAy’ (nirNay) chhe. pahelAn IhAgnAnathI ‘shun A bhavya chhe ke abhavya chhe’ e prakAre je sandeharUpI buddhi dvArA viShay karavAmAn Avelo jIv chhe te ‘abhavya nathI, bhavya ja chhe, kemake temAn bhavyatvanA avinAbhAvI samyagdarshan-gnAn-chAritra guN pragaTayA chhe’-e prakAre utpanna thayel ‘chay’ (nishchay) gnAnanun nAm ‘avAy’ chhe.

A uparathI siddha thAy chhe ke samyakmatignAn potAne tathA parane samyagdarshan chhe-em yathArthapaNe nakkI karI shake chhe.

A mokShashAstra vyavahArashAstra hovAthI samyagdraShTi jIvano upayog par taraph rokAyo hoy tyAre je mati-shrutagnAn thAy chhe te sambandhanun A sUtra chhe.

samyagdraShTino te vakhatano gnAn-upayog parokSha chhe. gauNapaNe te banne gnAno nirvikalpatA vakhate pratyakSha chhe e temAn AvI jAy chhe. samyagdraShTi je vakhate potAnA upayogamAn joDAyo hoy tyAre te matignAn ane shrutagnAn pratyakSha chhe. A dashA chothA guNasthAnathI hoy chhe. mati-shrutAtmak bhAvaman svAnubhUti vakhate visheSh dashAvALun chhe, chhatAn shreNisamAn to nahi paN potAnI bhUmikAne yogya nirvikalpa hoy chhe; tethI mati-shrutAtmak bhAvaman svAnubhUti samaye pratyakSha mAnavAmAn Avyun chhe. mati-shrutagnAn

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42] [mokShashAstra vinA kevaLagnAnanI utpatti thatI nathI tenun A kAraN chhe. (avadhi-manaparyayagnAn vinA kevaLagnAnanI utpatti thaI shake chhe.) [panchAdhyAyI bhAg pahelo, gAthA 708 thI 719 sudhI A sUtranI charchA karI chhe. devakInandan shAstrIkRut panchAdhyAyI pAnun 363 thI 368]

avagrah, IhA, avAy ane dhAraNArUp matignAnane ‘sAmvyavahArik pratyakSha’ paN kahevAmAn Ave chhe. “ghaDAnA rUpane men pratyakSha dIThun” em loko kahe chhe tethI te gnAn sAmvyavahArik pratyakSha chhe.

shrutagnAnamAn traN prakAr paDe chhe-(1) sampUrNa parokSha, (ra) anshe parokSha ane (3) parokSha bilakul nahi paN pratyakSha.

(1) shabdarUp shrutagnAn chhe te parokSha ja chhe; tem ja dUr evAn svarga-narakAdi bAhya viShayonun gnAn karAvavAvALun vikalparUp je gnAn chhe te paN parokSha ja chhe.

(ra) AbhyantaramAn sukh-dukhanA vikalparUp je gnAn thAy chhe te, athavA “hun anant gnAnAdirUp chhun” evun je gnAn te IShat-parokSha chhe. (IShat = kinchit).

(3) je nishchay bhAvashrutagnAn chhe te shuddhAtmAnI sanmukh hovAthI sukhasamvitti (gnAn) svarUp chhe. te gnAn joke potAne jANe chhe to paN Indriyo tathA manathI utpanna thatA vikalponA samUhathI rahit hovAnA kAraNe nirvikalpa chhe; (abhedanaye) tene ‘AtmagnAn’ shabdathI oLakhavAmAn Ave chhe; te joke kevaLagnAnanI apekShAe parokSha chhe topaN chhadmasthone kShAyik gnAnanI prApti na hovAthI, kShAyopashamik hovA chhatAn tene ‘pratyakSha’ kahevAmAn Ave chhe.

prashna– A sUtramAn mati ane shrutagnAnane parokSha kahel chhe chhatAn upar tame tene ‘pratyakSha’ kem kaho chho?

uttara– A sUtramAn shrutane parokSha kahyun chhe te sAmAnya kathan chhe; upar je bhAvashrutagnAnane pratyakSha kahyun te visheSh kathan chhe. pratyakShanun kathan visheShanI apekShAe chhe em samajavun.

A sUtramAn jo utsarga kathan na hot to matignAnane parokSha na kahet; matignAn jo parokSha ja hot to tarkashAstramAn tene sAmvyavahArik pratyakSha kem kahet? tethI jem visheSh kathanamAn te matignAnane pratyakSha gnAn kahevAmAn Ave chhe tem ja nij Atma-