Moksha-Marg Prakashak-Hindi (English transliteration). Athava Adhyay.

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sAtavAn adhikAr ][ 263
jinhen karaN prArambha kiye dvitIyAdi samay hue hon, unake us samayavAlonke pariNAm to paraspar
samAn yA asamAn hote hain; parantu Uparake samayavAlonke pariNAm us samay samAn sarvathA nahIn
hote, apUrva hI hote hain. isaprakAr apUrvakaraN1 jAnanA.
tathA jisamen samAn samayavartI jIvonke pariNAm samAn hI hote hain, nivRutti arthAt paraspar
bhed usase rahit hote hain; jaise us karaNake pahale samayamen sarva jIvonke pariNAm paraspar samAn
hote hain, usI prakAr dvitIyAdi samayommen paraspar samAnatA jAnanA; tathA prathamAdi samayavAlonse
dvitIyAdi samayavAlonke anantagunI vishuddhatA sahit hote hain. isaprakAr anivRuttikaraN2
jAnanA.
is prakAr ye tIn karaN jAnanA.
vahAn pahale antarmuhUrta kAlaparyant adhakaraN hotA hai. vahAn chAr Avashyak hote hain —
samay-samay anantagunI vishuddhatA hotI hai; tathA ek ( — ek) antarmuhUrtase navIn bandhakI
sthiti ghaTatI jAtI hai, so sthitibandhApasaraN hai; tathA prashasta prakRitiyonkA anubhAg samay-
samay anantagunA baDhatA hai; aur aprashasta prakRitiyonkA anubhAg-bandha samay-samay anantaven bhAg
hotA hai — isaprakAr chAr Avashyak hote hain.
vahAn pashchAt apUrvakaraN hotA hai. usakA kAl adhakaraNake kAlake sankhyAtaven bhAg
hai. usamen ye Avashyak aur hote hain — ek-ek antarmuhUrtase sattAbhUt pUrvakarmakI sthiti thI,
usako ghaTAtA hai so sthitikANDakaghAt hai; tathA usase chhoTe ek-ek antarmuhUrtase pUrvakarmake
anubhAgako ghaTAtA hai so anubhAgakANDakaghAt hai; tathA guNashreNIke kAlamen kramasha asankhyAtagune
pramANasahit karmonko nirjarAke yogya karatA hai so guNashreNI nirjarA hai. tathA guN-sankramaN
yahAn nahIn hotA, parantu anyatra apUrvakaraN ho vahAn hotA hai.
1. samae samae bhiNNA bhAvA tamhA apuvvakaraNo hu..36.. (labdhisAr)
jamhA uvarimabhAvA heTThimabhAvehin Natthi sarisattan.
tamhA bidiyan karaNan apuvvakaraNetti NiddiTThan..51.. (labdhisAr)
karaNan pariNAmo apuvvANi cha tANi karaNANi cha apuvvakaraNANi,
asamANapariNAmA tti jan uttan hodi..
(dhavalA1-9-8-4)
2. egasamae vaTTantANan jIvANan pariNAmehi Na vijjade NiyaTTI NivvittI jattha te aNiyaTTIpariNAmA.
(dhavalA 1-9-8-4)
ekkamhi kAlasamaye sanThANAdIhin jah NivaTTanti.
Na NivaTTanti tahA viy pariNAmehin miho jehin..56..(gommaTasAr jIvakANDa)

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264 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
isaprakAr apUrvakaraN honeke pashchAt anivRuttikaraN hotA hai. usakA kAl apUrvakaraNake
bhI sankhyAtaven bhAg hai. usamen pUrvokta Avashyak sahit kitanA hI kAl jAneke bAd
antarakaraN1 karatA hai, jo anivRuttikaraNake kAl pashchAt uday Ane yogya aise mithyAtvakarmake
muhUrtamAtra niShek unakA abhAv karatA hai; un paramANuonko anya sthitirUp pariNamit karatA
hai. tathA antarakaraN karaneke pashchAt upashamakaraN karatA hai. antarakaraN dvArA abhAvarUp
kiye niShekonke UparavAle jo mithyAtvake niShek hain unako uday Aneke ayogya banAtA hai.
ityAdik kriyA dvArA anivRuttikaraNake antasamayake anantar jin niShekonkA abhAv kiyA thA,
unakA kAl Aye, tab niShekonke binA uday kisakA AyegA? isaliye mithyAtvakA uday
na honese prathamopasham samyaktvakI prApti hotI hai. anAdi mithyAdRuShTike samyaktva mohanIy aur
mishra mohanIyakI sattA nahIn hai, isaliye vah ek mithyAtvakarmakA hI upasham karake upasham
samyagdRuShTi hotA hai. tathA koI jIv samyaktva pAkar phi ra bhraShTa hotA hai, usakI dashA bhI
anAdi mithyAdRuShTi jaisI ho jAtI hai.
yahAn prashna hai ki parIkShA karake tattvashraddhAn kiyA thA, usakA abhAv kaise ho?
samAdhAn — jaise kisI puruShako shikShA dI. usakI parIkShA dvArA use ‘aise hI hai’ —
aisI pratIti bhI AyI thI; pashchAt kisI prakArase anyathA vichAr huA, isaliye us shikShAmen
sandeh huA ki isaprakAr hai yA isaprakAr? athavA ‘na jAne kis prakAr hai?’ athavA us
shikShAko jhUTh jAnakar usase viparItatA huI tab use apratIti huI aur usake us shikShAkI
pratItikA abhAv ho gayA. athavA pahale to anyathA pratIti thI hI, bIchamen shikShAke vichArase
yathArtha pratIti huI thI; parantu us shikShAkA vichAr kiye bahut kAl ho gayA, tab use bhUlakar
jaisI pahale anyathA pratIti thI vaisI hI svayamev ho gaI. tab us shikShAkI pratItikA abhAv
ho jAtA hai. athavA yathArtha pratIti pahale to kI, pashchAt na to koI anyathA vichAr kiyA,
na bahut kAl huA; parantu vaise hI karmodayase honahArake anusAr svayamev hI us pratItikA
abhAv hokar anyathApanA huA. aise anek prakArase us shikShAkI yathArtha pratItikA abhAv
1. kimantarakaraNan NAm? vivakkhiyakammANan heTThimovarimaTThidIo mottUN majjhe antomuhuttamettANan TThidINan
pariNAmaviseseN NisegANamabhAvIkaraNamantarakaraNamidi bhaNNade..(jayadhavalA, a0 pa0 953)
artha : — antarakaraNakA kyA svarUp hai? uttar : — vivakShitakarmonkI adhastan aur uparim sthitiyonko chhoDakar
madhyavartI antarmuhUrtamAtra sthitiyonke niShekonkA pariNAm visheShake dvArA abhAv karaneko antarakaraN kahate
hain.

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sAtavAn adhikAr ][ 265
hotA hai. usIprakAr jIvako jinadevakA tattvAdirUp upadesh huA; usakI parIkShA karake use
‘aise hI hai’ aisA shraddhAn huA, pashchAt jaise pahale kahe the vaise anek prakArase us yathArtha
shraddhAnakA abhAv hotA hai. yah kathan sthUlarUpase batalAyA hai; tAratamyase to kevalagnAnamen
bhAsit hotA hai ki — ‘is samay shraddhAn hai aur is samay nahIn hai;’ kyonki yahAn mUlakAraN
mithyAtvakarma hai. usakA uday ho tab to anya vichArAdi kAraN milen yA na milen, svayamev
samyak shraddhAnakA abhAv hotA hai. aur usakA uday na ho tab anya kAraN milen yA
na milen, svayamev samyak shraddhAn ho jAtA hai. so aisI antarang samay-samay sambandhI
sUkShmadashAkA jAnanA chhadmasthako nahIn hotA, isaliye ise apanI mithyA-samyak shraddhAnarUp
avasthAke tAratamyakA nishchay nahIn ho sakatA; kevalagnAnamen bhAsit hotA hai. — is apekShA
guNasthAnonkA palaTanA shAstramen kahA hai.
isaprakAr jo samyaktvase bhraShTa ho use sAdi mithyAdRuShTi kahate hain — usake bhI puna
samyaktvakI prAptimen pUrvokta pAnch labdhiyAn hotI hain. visheSh itanA ki yahAn kisI jIvake
darshanamohakI tIn prakRitiyonkI sattA hotI hai, so tInonkA upasham karake prathamopasham samyaktvI
hotA hai. athavA kisIke samyaktva mohanIyakA uday AtA hai, do prakRitiyonkA uday nahIn
hotA, vah kShayopasham samyaktvI hotA hai; usake guNashreNI Adi kriyA nahIn hotI tathA
anivRuttikaraN nahIn hotA. tathA kisIko mishramohanIyakA uday AtA hai, do prakRitiyonkA
uday nahIn hotA, vah mishraguNasthAnako prApta hotA hai, usake karaN nahIn hote. — isaprakAr
sAdi mithyAdRuShTike mithyAtva chhUTane par dashA hotI hai. kShAyik samyaktvako vedak samyagdRuShTi
hI prApta karatA hai, isaliye usakA kathan yahAn nahIn kiyA hai. isaprakAr sAdi mithyAdRuShTikA
jaghanya to madhyam antarmuhUrtamAtra, utkRuShTa kinchit nyUn arddhapudgalaparAvartanamAtra kAl jAnanA.
dekho, pariNAmonkI vichitratA! koI jIv to gyArahaven guNasthAnamen yathAkhyAtachAritra prApta
karake puna mithyAdRuShTi hokar kinchit nyUn arddhapudgalaparAvartan kAl paryanta sansAramen rulatA
hai aur koI nitya nigodase nikalakar manuShya hokar mithyAtva chhUTaneke pashchAt antarmuhUrtamen
kevalagnAn prApta karatA hai. aisA jAnakar apane pariNAm bigADanekA bhay rakhanA aur unake
sudhAranekA upAy karanA.
tathA us sAdi mithyAdRuShTike thoDe kAl mithyAtvakA uday rahe to bAhya jainIpanA naShTa
nahIn hotA, va tattvonkA ashraddhAn vyakta nahIn hotA, va vichAr kiye binA hI va thoDe vichArase
hI samyaktvakI prApti ho jAtI hai. tathA bahut kAl tak mithyAtvakA uday rahe to jaisI

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266 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
anAdi mithyAdRuShTikI dashA hotI hai vaisI isakI bhI dashA hotI hai. gRuhIt-mithyAtvako bhI
vah grahaN karatA hai aur nigodAdimen bhI rulatA hai. isakA koI pramAN nahIn hai.
tathA koI jIv samyaktvase bhraShTa hokar sAsAdan hotA hai aur vahAn jaghanya ek samay
utkRuShTa chhah AvalI pramAN kAl rahatA hai. usake pariNAmakI dashA vachan dvArA kahanemen nahIn
AtI. sUkShmakAl mAtra kisI jAtike kevalagnAnagamya pariNAm hote hain. vahAn anantAnubandhIkA
to uday hotA hai, mithyAtvakA uday nahIn hotA. so Agam-pramANase usakA svarUp jAnanA.
tathA koI jIv samyaktvase bhraShTa hokar mishraguNasthAnako prApta hotA hai. vahAn
mishramohanIyakA uday hotA hai, isakA kAl madhyam antarmuhUrtamAtra hai. so isakA bhI kAl
thoDA hai, isaliye isake bhI pariNAm kevalagnAnagamya hain. yahAn itanA bhAsit hotA hai ki
jaise kisIko shikShA dI; use vah kuchh satya aur kuchh asatya ek hI kAlamen mAne; usIprakAr
tattvonkA shraddhAn-ashraddhAn ek hI kAlamen ho vah mishradashA hai.
kitane hI kahate hain — ‘hamen to jinadev tathA anya dev sarva hI vandan karane yogya
hain’ — ityAdi mishrashraddhAnako mishraguNasthAn kahate hain, so aisA nahIn hai; yah to pratyakSha
mithyAtvadashA hai. vyavahArarUp devAdikakA shraddhAn hone par bhI mithyAtva rahatA hai, tab isake
to dev-kudevakA kuchh nirNay hI nahIn hai; isaliye isake to yah vinay mithyAtva pragaT hai —
aisA jAnanA.
isaprakAr samyaktvake sanmukh mithyAdRuShTiyonkA kathan kiyA, prasang pAkar anya bhI kathan
kiyA hai.
✾
isaprakAr jainamatavAle mithyAdRuShTiyonke svarUpakA nirUpaN kiyA.
yahAn chhoTeprakArake mithyAdRuShTiyonkA kathan kiyA hai. usakA prayojan yah jAnanA ki
un prakAronko pahichAnakar apanemen aisA doSh ho to use dUr karake samyakshraddhAnI honA auronke
hI aise doSh dekh-dekhakar kaShAyI nahIn honA; kyonki apanA bhalA-burA to apane pariNAmonse
hai. auronko to ruchivAn dekhen to kuchh upadesh dekar unakA bhI bhalA karen. isaliye apane
pariNAm sudhAranekA upAy karanA yogya hai; sarva prakArake mithyAtvabhAv chhoDakar samyagdRuShTi honA
yogya hai; kyonki sansArakA mUl mithyAtva hai, mithyAtvake samAn anya pAp nahIn hai.
ek mithyAtva aur usake sAth anantAnubandhIkA abhAv hone par ikatAlIs

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sAtavAn adhikAr ][ 267
prakRuttiyonkA✽ to bandha hI miT jAtA hai, sthiti antakoDAkoDI sAgarakI rah jAtI hai, anubhAg
thoDA hI rah jAtA hai, shIghra hI mokShapadako prApta karatA hai. tathA mithyAtvakA sadbhAv rahane
par anya anek upAy karane par bhI mokShamArga nahIn hotA. isaliye jis-tis upAyase
sarvaprakAr mithyAtvakA nAsh karanA yogya hai.
iti shrI mokShamArgaprakAshak nAmak shAstramen jainamatavAle mithyAdRuShTiyonkA
nirUpaN jisamen huA aisA (sAtavAn) adhikAr
sampUrNa huA..7..
❁
✽
1 prakRitiyonke nAm –
mithyAtva sambandhI 16 —
mithyAtva, hunDakasansthAn, napunsakaved, narakagati, narakagatyAnupUrvI, narakAyu, asamprAptAsRupATikAsanhanan, jAti
4 (ekendriy, dvIndriy, trIndriy, chaturindriy), sthAvar, AtAp, sUkShma, aparyApta, sAdhAraNa.
anantAnubandhI sambandhI 25 —
anantAnubandhI krodh, mAn, mAyA, lobh; styAnagRuddhi, nidrAnidrA, prachalAprachalA, durbhag, dusvar, anAdey,
aprashastavihAyogati, strIved, nIchagotra, tiryaggati, tiryaggatyAnupUrvI, tiryagAyu, udyot, sansthAn 4 (nyagrodh,
svAti, kubjak, vAman), sanhanan 4 (vajranArAch, nArAch ardhanArAch aur kIlit).

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268 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
AThavAn adhikAr
upadeshakA svarUp
ab mithyAdRuShTi jIvonko mokShamArgakA upadesh dekar unakA upakAr karanA yahI uttam
upakAr hai. tIrthankar, gaNadharAdik bhI aisA hI upakAr karate hain; isaliye is shAstramen bhI
unhInke upadeshAnusAr upadesh dete hain.
vahAn upadeshakA svarUp jAnaneke artha kuchh vyAkhyAn karate hain; kyonki upadeshako yathAvat
na pahichAne to anyathA mAnakar viparIt pravartan kare. isaliye upadeshakA svarUp kahate hain.
jinamatamen upadesh chAr anuyogake dvArA diyA hai. prathamAnuyog, karaNAnuyog,
charaNAnuyog, dravyAnuyog – yah chAr anuyog hain.
vahAn tIrthankar – chakravartI Adi mahAn puruShonke chAritrakA jisamen nirUpaN kiyA ho vah
prathamAnuyog1hai. tathA guNasthAn – mArgaNAdirUp jIvakA va karmonkA va trilokAdikakA jisamen
nirUpaN ho vah karaNAnuyog2 hai. tathA gRuhastha-munike dharma-AcharaN karanekA jisamen nirUpaN
ho vah charaNAnuyog3 hai. tathA ShaTdravya, saptatattvAdikakA va sva-parabhed-vignAnAdikakA jisamen
nirUpaN ho vah dravyAnuyog4 hai.
anuyogonkA prayojan
ab inakA prayojan kahate hain –
prathamAnuyogakA prayojan
prathamAnuyogamen to sansArakI vichitratA, puNya-pApakA phal, mahanta puruShonkI pravRutti ityAdi
nirUpaNase jIvonko dharmamen lagAyA hai. jo jIv tuchchhabuddhi hon ve bhI usase dharmasanmukh hote
hain; kyonki ve jIv sUkShma nirUpaNako nahIn pahichAnate, laukik kathAonko jAnate hain, vahAn
unakA upayog lagatA hai. tathA prathamAnuyogamen laukik pravRuttirUp nirUpaN honese use ve bhalI-
bhAnti samajh jAte hain. tathA lokamen to rAjAdikakI kathAommen pApakA poShaN hotA hai. yahAn
mahantapuruSh rAjAdikakI kathAen to hain, parantu prayojan jahAn-tahAn pApako chhuDAkar dharmamen lagAnekA
1. ratnakaraNDa 2-2; 2. ratnakaraNDa 2-3; 3. ratnakaraNDa 2-4; 4. ratnakaraNDa 2-5.

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AThavAn adhikAr ][ 269
pragaT karate hain; isaliye ve jIv kathAonke lAlachase to unhen paDhate-sunate hain aur phi ra pApako
burA, dharmako bhalA jAnakar dharmamen ruchivant hote hain.
isaprakAr tuchchhabuddhiyonko samajhAneke liye yah anuyog hai. ‘pratham’ arthAt ‘avyutpanna
mithyAdRuShTi’, unake artha jo anuyog so prathamAnuyog hai. aisA artha gommaTasArakI TIkAmen1
kiyA hai.
tathA jin jIvonke tattvagnAn huA ho, pashchAt is prathamAnuyogako paDhe – sunen to unhen
yah usake udAharaNarUp bhAsit hotA hai. jaise – jIv anAdinidhan hai, sharIrAdik sanyogI padArtha
hain, aisA yah jAnatA thA. tathA purANommen jIvonke bhavAntar nirUpaN kiye hain, ve us jAnaneke
udAharaN hue. tathA shubh-ashubh-shuddhopayogako jAnatA thA, va usake phalako jAnatA thA.
purANommen un upayogonkI pravRutti aur unakA phal jIvake huA so nirUpaN kiyA hai. vahI
us jAnanekA udAharaN huA. isIprakAr anya jAnanA.
yahAn udAharaNakA artha yah hai ki jis prakAr jAnatA thA, usIprakAr vahAn kisI
jIvake avasthA huI; — -isaliye yah us jAnanekI sAkShI huI.
tathA jaise koI subhaT hai – vah subhaTonkI prashansA aur kAyaronkI nindA jisamen ho, aisI
kinhIn purAN-puruShonkI kathA sunanese subhaTapanemen ati utsAhavAn hotA hai; usIprakAr dharmAtmA
hai – vah dharmAtmAonkI prashansA aur pApiyonkI nindA jisamen ho, aise kinhIn purAN-puruShonkI kathA
sunanese dharmamen ati utsAhavAn hotA hai.
isaprakAr yah prathamAnuyogakA prayojan jAnanA.
karaNAnuyogakA prayojan
tathA karaNAnuyogamen jIvonke va karmonke visheSh tathA trilokAdikakI rachanA nirUpit karake
jIvonko dharmamen lagAyA hai. jo jIv dharmamen upayog lagAnA chAhate hain ve jIvonke guNasthAn-
mArgaNA Adi visheSh tathA karmonke kAraN – avasthA – phal kis-kisake kaise-kaise pAye jAte hain
ityAdi visheSh tathA trilokamen narak-svargAdike ThikAne pahichAnakar pApase vimukh hokar dharmamen
lagate hain. tathA aise vichAramen upayog ram jAye tab pAp-pravRutti chhUTakar svayamev tatkAl dharma
utpanna hotA hai; us abhyAsase tattvagnAnakI bhI prApti shIghra hotI hai. tathA aisA sUkShma yathArtha
kathan jinamatamen hI hai, anyatra nahIn hai; isaprakAr mahimA jAnakar jinamatakA shraddhAnI hotA hai.
1. prathaman mithyAdRuShTimavratikamavyutpannan vA pratipAdyamAshritya pravRuttonuyogodhikAra prathamAnuyoga.
(jI0 pra0 TI0 gA0 361-62)

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270 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
tathA jo jIv tattvagnAnI hokar is karaNAnuyogakA abhyAs karate hain, unhen yah usake
visheShaNarUp bhAsit hotA hai. jo jIvAdik tattvonko Ap jAnate hai, unhInke visheSh
karaNAnuyogamen kiye hain; vahAn kitane hI visheShaN to yathAvat nishchayarUp hain, kitane hI
upachArasahit vyavahArarUp hain, kitane hI dravya-kShetra-kAl bhAvAdikake svarUp pramANAdirUp hain,
kitane hI nimitta – AshrayAdi apekShA sahit hain — ityAdi anek prakArake visheShaN nirUpit kiye
hain, unhen jyonkA tyon mAnatA huA us karaNAnuyogakA abhyAs karatA hai.
is abhyAsase tattvagnAn nirmal hotA hai. jaise – koI yah to jAnatA thA ki yah
ratna hai, parantu us ratnake bahutase visheSh jAnane par nirmal ratnakA pArakhI hotA hai; usIprakAr
tattvonko jAnatA thA ki yah jIvAdik hain, parantu un tattvonke bahut visheSh jAne to nirmal
tattvagnAn hotA hai. tattvagnAn nirmal hone par Ap hI visheSh dharmAtmA hotA hai.
tathA anya ThikAne upayogako lagAye to rAgAdikakI vRuddhi hotI hai aur chhadmasthakA
upayog nirantar ekAgra nahIn rahatA; isaliye gnAnI is karaNAnuyogake abhyAsamen upayogako
lagAtA hai, usase kevalagnAn dvArA dekhe gaye padArthonkA jAnapanA isake hotA hai; pratyakSha-
apratyakShakA hI bhed hai, bhAsit honemen viruddhatA nahIn hai.
isaprakAr yah karaNAnuyogakA prayojan jAnanA.
‘karaN’ arthAt gaNit-kAryake kAraNarUp sUtra, unakA jisamen ‘anuyog’ – adhikAr ho
vah karaNAnuyog hai. isamen gaNit varNanakI mukhyatA hai – aisA jAnanA.
charaNAnuyogakA prayojan
ab charaNAnuyogakA prayojan kahate hain. charaNAnuyogamen nAnAprakAr dharmake sAdhan nirUpit
karake jIvonko dharmamen lagAte hain. jo jIv hit-ahitako nahIn jAnate, hinsAdik pApakAryommen
tatpar ho rahate hain; unhen jis prakAr pApakAryonko chhoDakar dharmakAryommen lagen, us prakAr upadesh
diyA hai; use jAnakar jo dharma-AcharaN karaneko sanmukh hue, ve jIv gRuhasthadharma va munidharmakA
vidhAn sunakar Apase jaisA sadhe vaise dharma-sAdhanamen lagate hain.
aise sAdhanase kaShAy manda hotI hai aur usake phalamen itanA to hotA hai ki kugatimen
dukh nahIn pAte, kintu sugatimen sukh prApta karate hain; tathA aise sAdhanase jinamatakA nimitta
banA rahatA hai, vahAn tattvagnAnakI prApti honA ho to ho jAtI hai.
tathA jo jIv tattvagnAnI hokar charaNAnuyogakA abhyAs karate hain, unhen yah sarva AcharaN

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AThavAn adhikAr ][ 271
apane vItarAgabhAvake anusAr bhAsit hote hain. ekadesh va sarvadesh vItarAgatA hone par aisI
shrAvakadashA – munidashA hotI hai; kyonki inake nimitta-naimittikapanA pAyA jAtA hai. aisA jAnakar
shrAvak – munidharmake visheSh pahichAnakar jaisA apanA vItarAgabhAv huA ho vaisA apane yogya dharmako
sAdhate hain. vahAn jitane anshamen vItarAgatA hotI hai use kAryakArI jAnate hain, jitane anshamen rAg
rahatA hai use hey mAnate hain; sampUrNa vItarAgatAko param dharma mAnate hain.
aisA charaNAnuyogakA prayojan hai.
dravyAnuyogakA prayojan
ab dravyAnuyogakA prayojan kahate hain. dravyAnuyogamen dravyonkA va tattvonkA nirUpaN karake
jIvonko dharmamen lagAte hain. jo jIv jIvAdik dravyonko va tattvonko nahIn pahichAnate, Apako –
parako bhinna nahIn jAnate; unhen hetu – dRuShTAnta – yukti dvArA va pramAN-nayAdi dvArA unakA svarUp
is prakAr dikhAyA hai jisase unako pratIti ho jAye. usake abhyAsase anAdi agnAnatA
dUr hotI hai. anyamat kalpit tattvAdik jhUTh bhAsit hon tab jinamat kI pratIti ho aur
unake bhAvako pahichAnanekA abhyAs rakhen, to shIghra hI tattvagnAnakI prApti ho jAye.
tathA jinake tattvagnAn huA ho ve jIv dravyAnuyogakA abhyAs karen to unhen apane
shraddhAnake anusAr vah sarva kathan pratibhAsit hote hain. jaise – kisIne koI vidyA sIkh lI,
parantu yadi usakA abhyAs karatA rahe to vah yAd rahatI hai, na kare to bhUl jAtA hai.
isaprakAr isako tattvagnAn huA, parantu yadi usake pratipAdak dravyAnuyogakA abhyAs karatA
rahe to vah tattvagnAn rahatA hai, na kare to bhUl jAtA hai. athavA sankSheparUpase tattvagnAn
huA thA, vah nAnA yukti – hetu – dRuShTAntAdi dvArA spaShTa ho jAye to usamen shithilatA nahIn ho
sakatI. tathA is abhyAsase rAgAdi ghaTanese shIghra mokSha sadhatA hai.
isaprakAr dravyAnuyogakA prayojan jAnanA.
anuyogonke vyAkhyAnakA vidhAn
ab in anuyogommen kis prakAr vyAkhyAn hai, so kahate hain –
prathamAnuyogake vyAkhyAnakA vidhAn
prathamAnuyogamen jo mUl kathAen hain; ve to jaisI hain, vaisI hI nirUpit karate hain. tathA
unamen prasangopAt vyAkhyAn hotA hai; vah koI to jyonkA tyon hotA hai, koI granthakartAke
vichArAnusAr hotA hai; parantu prayojan anyathA nahIn hotA.

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udAharaNa — jaise – tIrthankar devonke kalyANakommen indra Aye, yah kathA to satya hai.
tathA indrane stutikI, usakA vyAkhyAn kiyA; so indrane to anya prakArase hI stuti kI thI
aur yahAn granthakartAne anya hI prakArase stuti karanA likhA hai; parantu stutirUp prayojan anyathA
nahIn huA. tathA paraspar kinhInke vachanAlAp huA; vahAn unake to hI anya prakAr akShar
nikale the, yahAn granthakartAne anya prakAr kahe; parantu prayojan ek hI dikhalAte hain. tathA
nagar, van, sangrAmAdikake nAmAdik to yathAvat hI likhate hain aur varNan hInAdhik bhI
prayojanakA poShaN karatA huA nirUpit karate hain. – ityAdi isI prakAr jAnanA.
tathA prasangarUp kathA bhI granthakartA apane vichArAnusAr kahate hain. jaise – dharmaparIkShAmen
mUrkhonkI kathA likhI; so vahI kathA manovegane kahI thI aisA niyam nahIn hai; parantu mUrkhapanekA
poShaN karanevAlI koI kathA kahI thI aise abhiprAyakA poShaN karate hain. isIprakAr anyatra
jAnanA.
yahAn koI kahe – ayathArtha kahanA to jain-shAstramen sambhav nahIn hai?
uttara — anyathA to usakA nAm hai jo prayojan anyakA anya pragaT kare. jaise –
kisIse kahA ki tU aisA kahanA, usane ve hI akShar nahIn kahe, parantu usI prayojan sahit
kahe to use mithyAvAdI nahIn kahate – aisA jAnanA. yadi jaisekA taisA likhanekA sampradAy ho
to kisIne bahut prakArase vairAgya chintavan kiyA thA usakA sarva varNan likhanese grantha baDh
jAyegA, tathA kuchh na likhanese usakA bhAv bhAsit nahIn hogA, isaliye vairAgyake ThikAne
thoDA-bahut apane vichArake anusAr vairAgya-poShak hI kathan karenge, sarAg-poShak kathan nahIn
karenge. vahAn prayojan anyathA nahIn huA isaliye ayathArtha nahIn kahate. isIprakAr anyatra
jAnanA.
tathA prathamAnuyogamen jisakI mukhyatA ho usIkA poShaN karate hain. jaise – kisIne upavAs
kiyA, usakA to phal alpa thA, parantu use anya dharmapariNatikI visheShatA huI, isaliye
visheSh uchchapadakI prApti huI, vahAn usako upavAsakA hI phal nirUpit karate hain. isIprakAr
anya jAnanA.
tathA jis prakAr kisIne shIlAdikakI pratignA dRuDh rakhI va namaskAramantrakA smaraN
kiyA va anya dharma-sAdhan kiyA, usake kaShTa dUr hue, atishay pragaT hue; vahAn unhInkA
vaisA phal nahIn huA hai, parantu anya kisI karmake udayase vaise kArya hue hain; tathApi unako
un shIlAdikakA hI phal nirUpit karate hain. usI prakAr koI pApakArya kiyA, usako usIkA

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AThavAn adhikAr ][ 273
to vaisA phal nahIn huA hai, parantu anya karmake udayase nIchagatiko prApta huA athavA kaShTAdik
hue; use usI pApakAryakA phal nirUpit karate hain. – ityAdi isI prakAr jAnanA.
yahAn koI kahe – aisA jhUTh phal dikhalAnA to yogya nahIn hai; aise kathanako pramAN
kaise karen?
samAdhAna – jo agnAnI jIv bahut phal dikhAye binA dharmamen na lagen va pAp se na
Daren, unakA bhalA karaneke artha aisA varNan karate hain. jhUTh to tab ho, jab dharmake phalako
pApakA phal batalAyen, pApake phalako dharmakA phal batalAyen, parantu aisA to hai nahIn. jaise –
das puruSh milakar koI kArya karen, vahAn upachArase ek puruShakA bhI kiyA kahA jAye to
doSh nahIn hai. athavA jisake pitAdikane koI kArya kiye hon, use ek jAti-apekShA upachArase
putrAdikakA kiyA kahA jAye to doSh nahIn hai. usI prakAr bahut shubh va ashubh kAryonkA
ek phal huA, use upachArase ek shubh va ashubhakAryakA phal kahA jAye to doSh nahIn
hai. athavA anya shubh va ashubhakAryakA phal jo huA ho use ek jAti-apekShA upachArase
kisI anya hI shubhakAryakA phal kahen to doSh nahIn hai.
upadeshamen kahIn vyavahAravarNan hai, kahIn nishchayavarNan hai. yahAn upachArarUp vyavahAravarNan
kiyA hai, isaprakAr ise pramAN karate hain. isako tAratamya nahIn mAn lenA; tAratamyakA to
karaNAnuyogamen nirUpaN kiyA hai, so jAnanA.
tathA prathamAnuyogamen upachArarUp kisI dharmakA ang hone par sampUrNa dharma huA kahate
hain. jaise – jin jIvonke shankA-kAnkShAdik nahIn hue, unako samyaktva huA kahate hain; parantu kisI
ek kAryamen shankA-kAnkShA na karanese hI to samyaktva nahIn hotA, samyaktva to tattvashraddhAn hone
par hotA hai; parantu nishchayasamyaktvakA to vyavahArasamyaktvamen upachAr kiyA aur
vyavahArasamyaktvake kisI ek angamen sampUrNa vyavahArasamyaktvakA upachAr kiyA – isaprakAr upachAr
dvArA samyaktva huA kahate hain.
tathA kisI jainashAstrakA ek ang jAnane par samyaggnAn huA kahate hain. so sanshayAdi
rahit tattvagnAn hone par samyaggnAn hotA hai; parantu yahAn pUrvavat upachArase samyaggnAn kahate hain.
tathA koI bhalA AcharaN hone par samyakchAritra huA kahate hain. vahAn jisane jainadharma
angIkAr kiyA ho va koI chhoTI-moTI pratignA grahaN kI ho; use shrAvak kahate hain. so
shrAvak to panchamaguNasthAnavartI hone par hotA hai; parantu pUrvavat upachArase ise shrAvak kahA
hai. uttarapurANamen shreNikako shrAvakottam kahA hai so vah to asanyat thA; parantu jain thA
isaliye kahA hai. isIprakAr anyatra jAnanA.

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tathA jo samyaktvarahit muniling dhAraN kare, va dravyase bhI koI pratichAr lagAtA ho,
use muni kahate hain. so muni to ShaShThAdi guNasthAnavartI hone par hotA hai; parantu pUrvavat upachArase
use muni kahA hai. samavasaraNasabhAmen muniyonkI sankhyA kahI, vahAn sarva hI shuddha bhAvalingI
muni nahIn the; parantu muniling dhAraN karanese sabhIko muni kahA. isIprakAr anyatra jAnanA.
tathA prathamAnuyogamen koI dharmabuddhise anuchit kArya kare usakI bhI prashansA karate hain.
jaise – viShNukumArane muniyonkA upasarga dUr kiyA so dharmAnurAgase kiyA; parantu munipad chhoDakar
yah kArya karanA yogya nahIn thA; kyonki aisA kArya to gRuhasthadharmamen sambhav hai aur gRuhasthadharmase
munidharma UnchA hai; so UnchA dharma chhoDakar nIchA dharma angIkAr kiyA vah ayogya hai; parantu
vAtsalya angakI pradhAnatAse viShNukumArajIkI prashansA kI hai. is chhalase auronko UnchA dharma
chhoDakar nIchA dharma angIkAr karanA yogya nahIn hai.
tathA jis prakAr gvAlene muniko agnise tapAyA, so karuNAse yah kArya kiyA; parantu
Aye hue upasargako to dUr kare, sahaj avasthAmen jo shItAdikakA parIShah hotA hai, use
dUr karane par rati mAnanekA kAraN hotA hai aur unhen rati karanA nahIn hai, tab ulTA upasarga
hotA hai. isIse vivekI unake shItAdikakA upachAr nahIn karate. gvAlA avivekI thA,
karuNAse yah kArya kiyA, isaliye usakI prashansA kI hai, parantu chhalase auronko dharmapaddhatimen
jo viruddha ho vah karanA yogya nahIn hai.
tathA jaise – vajrakaraN rAjAne sinhodar rAjAko naman nahIn kiyA, mudrikAmen pratimA rakhI;
so baDe-baDe samyagdRuShTi rAjAdikako naman karate hain, usamen doSh nahIn hai; tathA mudrikAmen pratimA
rakhanemen avinay hotI hai, yathAvat vidhise aisI pratimA nahIn hotI, isaliye is kAryamen doSh
hai; parantu use aisA gnAn nahIn thA, use to dharmAnurAgase ‘main aur ko naman nahIn karUngA’
aisI buddhi huI; isaliye usakI prashansA kI hai. parantu is chhalase auronko aise kArya karanA
yogya nahIn hai.
tathA kitane hI puruShonne putrAdikakI prAptike artha athavA rog – kaShTAdi dUr karaneke
artha chaityAlay pUjanAdi kArya kiye, stotrAdi kiye, namaskAramantra smaraN kiyA; parantu aisA
karanese to nikAnkShitaguNakA abhAv hotA hai, nidAnabandha nAmak ArtadhyAn hotA hai, pApakA
hI prayojan antarangamen hai, isaliye pApakA hI bandha hotA hai; parantu mohit hokar bahut
pApabandhakA kAraN kudevAdikA to pUjanAdi nahIn kiyA, itanA usakA guN grahaN karake usakI
prashansA karate hain. is chhalase auronko laukik kAryonke artha dharma-sAdhan karanA yukta nahIn hai.
isIprakAr anyatra jAnanA.

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isI prakAr prathamAnuyogamen anya kathan bhI hon, unhen yathAsambhav jAnakar bhramarUp nahIn
honA.
karaNAnuyogake vyAkhyAnakA vidhAn
ab, karaNAnuyogamen kisaprakAr vyAkhyAn hai so kahate hain –
jaisA kevalagnAn dvArA jAnA vaisA karaNAnuyogamen vyAkhyAn hai. tathA kevalagnAn dvArA
to bahut jAnA, parantu jIvake kAryakArI jIv – karmAdikakA va trilokAdikakA hI nirUpaN
isamen hotA hai. tathA unakA bhI svarUp sarva nirUpit nahIn ho sakatA, isaliye jis prakAr
vachanagochar hokar chhadmasthake gnAnamen unakA kuchh bhAv bhAsit ho, us prakAr sankuchit karake
nirUpaN karate hain. yahAn udAharaN – jIvake bhAvonkI apekShA guNasthAn kahe hain, ve bhAv
anantasvarUpasahit vachanagochar nahIn hain, vahAn bahut bhAvonkI ek jAti karake chaudah guNasthAn
kahe hain. tathA jIvonko jAnaneke anek prakAr hain, vahAn mukhya chaudah mArgaNAkA nirUpaN kiyA
hai. tathA karmaparamANu ananta prakAr shaktiyukta hain, unamen bahutonko ek jAti karake ATh
va ek sau aDatAlIs prakRitiyAn kahI hain. tathA trilokamen anek rachanAen hain, vahAn kuchh mukhya
rachanAonkA nirUpaN kahate hain. tathA pramANake ananta bhed hain, vahAn sankhyAtAdi tIn bhed va
inake ikkIs bhed nirUpit kiye hain. isIprakAr anyatra jAnanA.
tathA karaNAnuyogamen yadyapi vastuke kShetra, kAl, bhAvAdik akhanDit hain; tathApi chhadmasthako
hInAdik gnAn honeke artha pradesh, samay, avibhAg-pratichchhedAdikakI kalpanA karake unakA pramAN
nirUpit karate hain. tathA ek vastumen bhinna-bhinna guNonkA va paryAyonkA bhed karake nirUpaN
karate hain. tathA jIv-pudgalAdik yadyapi bhinna-bhinna hain; tathApi sambandhAdik dvArA anek dravyase
utpanna gati, jAti Adi bhedonko ek jIvake nirUpit karate hain, – ityAdi vyAkhyAn
vyavahAranayakI pradhAnatA sahit jAnanA, kyonki vyavahArake binA visheSh nahIn jAn sakatA.
tathA kahIn nishchayavarNan bhI pAyA jAtA hai. jaise – jIvAdik dravyonkA pramAN nirUpaN kiyA,
vahAn bhinna-bhinna itane hI dravya hain. vah yathAsambhav jAn lenA.
tathA karaNAnuyogamen jo kathan hain ve kitane hI to chhadmasthake pratyakSha-anumAnAdigochar
hote hain, tathA jo na hon unhen AgnApramAN dvArA mAnanA. jis prakAr jIv-pudgalake sthUl
bahut kAlasthAyI manuShyAdi paryAyen va ghaTAdi paryAyen nirUpit kIn, unake to pratyakSha anumAnAdi
ho sakate hain; parantu pratisamay sUkShmapariNamanakI apekShA gnAnAdikake va snigdha-rUkShAdikake ansh
nirUpit kiye hain ve AgnAse hI pramAN hote hain. isI prakAr anyatra jAnanA.

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tathA karaNAnuyogamen chhadmasthonkI pravRuttike anusAr varNan nahIn kiyA hai, keval- gnAnagamya
padArthonkA nirUpaN hai. jis prakAr kitane hI jIv to dravyAdikakA vichAr karate hain va
vratAdik pAlate hain; parantu unake antarang samyaktvachAritra shakti nahIn hai, isaliye unako
mithyAdRuShTi – avratI kahate hain. tathA kitane hI jIv dravyAdikake va vratAdikake vichAr rahit
hain, anya kAryommen pravartate hain, va nidrAdi dvArA nirvichAr ho rahe hain; parantu unake samyaktvAdi
shaktikA sadbhAv hai, isaliye unako samyaktvI va vratI kahate hain.
tathA kisI jIvake kaShAyonkI pravRutti to bahut hai aur usake antarang kaShAyashakti thoDI
hai, to use mandakaShAyI kahate hain. tathA kisI jIvake kaShAyonkI pravRutti to thoDI hai aur unake
antarang kaShAyashakti bahut hai, to use tIvrakaShAyI kahate hain. jaise – vyantarAdik dev kaShAyonse
nagar nAshAdi kArya karate hain, tathApi unake thoDI kaShAyashaktise pIt leshyA kahI hai. aur
ekendriyAdik jIv kaShAyakArya karate dikhAI nahIn dete, tathApi unake bahut kaShAyashaktise kRuShNAdi
leshyA kahI hai. tathA sarvArthasiddhike dev kaShAyarUp thoDe pravartate hain, unake bahut kaShAyashaktise
asanyam kahA hai. aur pancham guNasthAnI vyApAr, abrahmAdi kaShAyakAryarUp bahut pravartate hain;
unake mandakaShAyashaktise deshasanyam kahA hai. isI prakAr anyatra jAnanA.
tathA kisI jIvake man-vachan-kAyakI cheShTA thoDI hotI dikhAI de, tathApi karmAkarShaN
shaktikI apekShA bahut yog kahA hai. kisIke cheShTA bahut dikhAI de, tathApi shaktikI hInatAse
alpa yog kahA hai. jaise – kevalI gamanAdi kriyArahit hue, vahAn bhI unake yog bahut kahA
hai. dvIndriyAdik jIv gamanAdi karate hain, tathApi unake yog alpa kahA hai. isIprakAr
anyatra jAnanA.
tathA kahIn jisakI vyaktatA kuchh bhAsit nahIn hotI, tathApi sUkShmashaktike sadbhAvase
usakA vahAn astitva kahA hai. jaise – munike abrahma kArya kuchh nahIn hai, tathApi navaven
guNasthAnaparyanta maithun sangnA kahI hai. ahamindronke dukhakA kAraN vyakta nahIn hai, tathApi kadAchit
asAtAkA uday kahA hai. isIprakAr anyatra jAnanA.
tathA karaNAnuyog samyagdarshan-gnAn-chAritrAdik dharmakA nirUpaN karmaprakRitiyonke
upashamAdikakI apekShAsahit, sUkShmashakti jaise pAyI jAtI hai vaise guNasthAnAdimen nirUpaN karatA
hai va samyagdarshanAdike viShayabhUt jIvAdikonkA bhI nirUpaN sUkShmabhedAdi sahit karatA hai. yahAn
koI karaNAnuyog anusAr Ap udyam kare to ho nahIn sakatA; karaNAnuyogamen to yathArtha padArtha
batalAnekA mukhya prayojan hai, AcharaN karAnekI mukhyatA nahIn hai. isaliye yah to

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charaNAnuyogAdikake anusAr pravartan kare, usase jo kArya honA hai vah svayamev hI hotA hai.
jaise – Ap karmoke upashamAdi karanA chAhe to kaise honge? Ap to tattvAdikakA nishchay karanekA
udyam kare, usase svayamev hI upashamAdi samyaktva hote hain. isIprakAr anyatra jAnanA.
ek antarmuhUrtamen gyArahaven guNasthAnase girakar kramasha mithyAdRuShTi hotA hai aur chaDhakar
kevalagnAn utpanna karatA hai. so aise samyaktvAdike sUkShmabhAv buddhigochar nahIn hote. isaliye
karaNAnuyogake anusAr jaisekA taisA jAn to le, parantu pravRutti buddhigochar jaise bhalA ho vaisI kare.
tathA karaNAnuyogamen kahIn upadeshakI mukhyatA sahit vyAkhyAn hotA hai, use sarvathA usI
prakAr nahIn mAnanA. jaise – hinsAdikake upAyako kumatignAn kahA hai; anya matAdikake
shAstrAbhyAsako kushrutagnAn kahA hai; burA dikhe, bhalA na dikhe, use vibhangagnAn kahA hai; so inako
chhoDaneke artha upadesh dvArA aisA kahA hai. tAratamyase mithyAdRuShTike sabhI gnAn kugnAn hain,
samyagdRuShTike sabhI gnAn sugnAn hain. isIprakAr anyatra jAnanA.
tathA kahIn sthUl kathan kiyA ho use tAratamyarUp nahIn jAnanA. jis prakAr vyAsase
tInagunI paridhi kahI jAtI hai, parantu sUkShmatAse kuchh adhik tInagunI hotI hai. isIprakAr anyatra
jAnanA.
tathA kahIn mukhyatAkI apekShA vyAkhyAn ho use sarvaprakAr nahIn jAnanA. jaise – mithyAdRuShTi
aur sAsAdan guNasthAnavAlonko pApajIv kahA hai, asanyatAdi guNasthAnavAlonko puNyajIv kahA
hai, so mukhyapanese aisA kahA hai; tAratamyase dononke pAp-puNya yathAsambhav pAye jAte hain.
isIprakAr anyatra jAnanA.
aise hI aur bhI nAnAprakAr pAye jAte hain, unhen yathAsambhav jAnanA.
is prakAr karaNAnuyogamen vyAkhyAnakA vidhAn batalAyA.
charaNAnuyogake vyAkhyAnakA vidhAn
ab, charaNAnuyogamen vyAkhyAnakA vidhAn batalAte hain –
charaNAnuyogamen jisaprakAr jIvonke apanI buddhigochar dharmakA AcharaN ho vaisA upadesh
diyA hai. vahAn dharma to nishchayarUp mokShamArga hai vahI hai, usake sAdhanAdik upachArase dharma
hain. isaliye vyavahAranayakI pradhAnatAse nAnAprakAr upachAr-dharmake bhedAdikonkA isamen nirUpaN
kiyA jAtA hai; kyonki nishchayadharmamen to kuchh grahaN-tyAgakA vikalpa nahIn hai aur isake nichalI
avasthAmen vikalpa chhUTatA nahIn hai; isaliye is jIvako dharmavirodhI kAryonko chhuDAnekA aur
dharmasAdhanAdi kAryoko grahaN karAnekA upadesh isamen hai.

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278 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
vah upadesh do prakArase diyA jAtA hai – ek to vyavahArakA hI upadesh dete hain, ek
nishchayasahit vyavahArakA upadesh dete hain.
vahAn jin jIvonke nishchayakA gnAn nahIn hai va upadesh dene par bhI nahIn hotA dikhAI
detA aise mithyAdRuShTi jIv kuchh dharmasanmukh hone par unhen vyavahArakA hI upadesh dete hain.
tathA jin jIvonko nishchay – vyavahArakA gnAn hai va upadesh dene par unakA gnAn hotA dikhAI
detA hai – aise samyagdRuShTi jIv va samyaktvasanmukh mithyAdRuShTi jIv unako nishchayasahit vyavahArakA
upadesh dete hain; kyonki shrIguru sarva jIvonke upakArI hain.
so asangnI jIv to upadesh grahaN karane yogya nahIn hain, unakA to upakAr itanA
hI kiyA ki aur jIvonko unakI dayAkA upadesh diyA.
tathA jo jIv karmaprabalatAse nishchayamokShamArgako prApta nahIn ho sakate, unakA itanA hI
upakAr kiyA ki unhen vyavahAradharmakA upadesh dekar kugatike dukhonke kAraN pApakArya chhuDAkar
sugatike indriyasukhonke kAraNarUp puNyakAryommen lagAyA. vahAn jitane dukh miTe utanA hI upakAr
huA.
tathA pApIko to pApavAsanA hI rahatI hai aur kugatimen jAtA hai, vahAn dharmakA nimitta
nahIn hai, isaliye paramparAse dukh hI prApta karatA rahatA hai. tathA puNyavAnako dharmavAsanA rahatI
hai aur sugatimen jAtA hai, vahAn dharmake nimitta prApta hote hain, isaliye paramparAse sukhako prApta
karatA hai; athavA karma shaktihIn ho jAye to mokShamArgako bhI prApta ho jAtA hai; isaliye
vyavahAr-upadesh dvArA pApase chhuDAkar puNyakAryommen lagAte hain.
tathA jo jIv mokShamArgako prApta hue va prApta hone yogya hain; unakA aisA upakAr
kiyA ki unako nishchayasahit vyavahArakA upadesh dekar mokShamArgamen pravartit kiyA.
shrIguru to sarvakA aisA hI upakAr karate hain; parantu jin jIvonkA aisA upakAr na
bane to shrIguru kyA karen? – jaisA banA vaisA hI upakAr kiyA; isaliye do prakArase upadesh
dete hain.
vahAn vyavahAr-upadeshamen to bAhya kriyAonkI hI pradhAnatA hai; unake upadeshase jIv
pApakriyA chhoDakar puNyakriyAommen pravartatA hai, vahAn kriyAke anusAr pariNAm bhI tIvrakaShAy
chhoDakar kuchh mandakaShAyI ho jAte hain, so mukhyarUpase to is prakAr hai; parantu kisIke na
hon to mat hoo, shrIguru to pariNAm sudhAraneke artha bAhya kriyAonkA upadesh dete hain.

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AThavAn adhikAr ][ 279
tathA nishchayasahit vyavahArake upadeshamen pariNAmonkI hI pradhAnatA hai; usake upadeshase
tattvagnAnake abhyAs dvArA va vairAgya-bhAvanA dvArA pariNAm sudhAre vahAn pariNAmake anusAr
bAhyakriyA bhI sudhar jAtI hai. pariNAm sudharane par bAhyakriyA sudharatI hI hai; isaliye shrIguru
pariNAm sudhAranekA mukhya upadesh dete hain.
isaprakAr do prakArake upadeshamen jahAn vyavahArakA hI upadesh ho vahAn samyagdarshanake artha
arahantadev, nirgrantha guru, dayA-dharmako hI mAnanA aurako nahIn mAnanA; tathA jIvAdik tattvonkA
vyavahArasvarUp kahA hai usakA shraddhAn karanA; shankAdi pachchIs doSh na lagAnA; nishankitAdi
ang va samvegAdik guNonkA pAlan karanA ityAdi upadesh dete hain.
tathA samyaggnAnake artha jinamatake shAstronkA abhyAs karanA, artha – vyanjanAdi angonkA
sAdhan karanA ityAdi upadesh dete hain. tathA samyakchAritrake artha ekadesh va sarvadesh hinsAdi
pAponkA tyAg karanA, vratAdi angonkA pAlan karanA ityAdi upadesh dete hain. tathA kisI jIvake
visheSh dharmakA sAdhan na hotA jAnakar ek AkhaDI AdikakA hI upadesh dete hain. jaise –
bhIlako kauekA mAns chhuDavAyA, gvAleko namaskAramantra japanekA upadesh diyA, gRuhasthako chaityAlay,
pUjA-prabhAvanAdi kAryakA upadesh dete hain, – ityAdi jaisA jIv ho use vaisA upadesh dete hain.
tathA jahAn nishchayasahit vyavahArakA upadesh ho, vahAn samyagdarshanake artha yathArtha tattvonkA
shraddhAn karAte hain. unakA to nishchayasvarUp hai so bhUtArtha hai, vyavahArasvarUp hai so upachAr
hai – aise shraddhAnasahit va sva-parake bhedagnAn dvArA paradravyamen rAgAdi chhoDaneke prayojanasahit un
tattvonkA shraddhAn karanekA upadesh dete hain. aise shraddhAnase arahantAdike sivA anya devAdik
jhUTh bhAsit hon tab svayamev unakA mAnanA chhUT jAtA hai, usakA bhI nirUpaN karate hain.
tathA samyaggnAnake artha sanshayAdirahit unhIn tattvonko usI prakAr jAnanekA upadesh dete hain,
vah jAnaneko kAraN jinashAstronkA abhyAs hai. isaliye us prayojanake artha jinashAstronkA
bhI abhyAs svayamev hotA hai; usakA nirUpaN karate hain. tathA samyakchAritrake artha rAgAdi
dUr karanekA upadesh dete hain; vahAn ekadesh va sarvadesh tIvrarAgAdikakA abhAv hone par unake
nimittase jo ekadesh va sarvadesh pApakriyA hotI thI vah chhUTatI hai, tathA mandarAgase shrAvak –
munike vratonkI pravRutti hotI hai aur mandarAgakA bhI abhAv hone par shuddhopayogakI pravRutti hotI
hai, usakA nirUpaN karate hain.
tathA yathArtha shraddhAn sahit samyagdRuShTiyonke jaise koI yathArtha AkhaDI hotI hai yA bhakti
hotI hai yA pUjA-prabhAvanAdi kArya hote hain yA dhyAnAdik hote hain unakA upadesh dete hain.
jinamatamen jaisA sachchA paramparAmArga hai vaisA upadesh dete hain.

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is tarah do prakArase charaNAnuyogamen upadesh jAnanA.
tathA charaNAnuyogamen tIvra kaShAyonkA kArya chhuDAkar mandakaShAyarUp kArya karanekA upadesh
dete hain. yadyapi kaShAy karanA burA hI hai, tathApi sarva kaShAy na chhUTate jAnakar jitane kaShAy
ghaTen utanA hI bhalA hogA — aisA prayojan vahAn jAnanA. jaise — jin jIvonke ArambhAdik
karanekI va mandirAdi banavAnekI, va viShay sevanakI va krodhAdi karanekI ichchhA sarvathA dUr
hotI na jAne, unhen pUjA-prabhAvanAdik karanekA va chaityAlayAdi banavAnekA va jinadevAdikake
Age shobhAdik, nRitya-gAnAdik karanekA va dharmAtmA puruShonkI sahAy Adi karanekA upadesh
dete hain; kyonki inamen paramparA kaShAyakA poShaN nahIn hotA. pApakAryommen paramparA kaShAyakA
poShaN hotA hai, isaliye pApakAryonse chhuDAkar in kAryommen lagAte hain. tathA thoDA-bahut jitanA
chhUTatA jAne utanA pApakArya chhuDAkar unhen samyaktva va aNuvratAdi pAlanekA upadesh dete hain.
tathA jin jIvonke sarvathA ArambhAdikakI ichchhA dUr huI hai, unako pUrvokta pUjAdik kArya
va sarva pApakArya chhuDAkar mahAvratAdi kriyAonkA upadesh dete hain. tathA kinchit rAgAdik chhUTate
jAnakar unhen dayA, dharmopadesh, pratikramaNAdi kArya karanekA upadesh dete hain. jahAn sarva rAg
dUr huA ho vahAn kuchh karanekA kArya hI nahIn rahA; isaliye unhen kuchh upadesh hI nahIn hai. –
aisA kram jAnanA.
tathA charaNAnuyogamen kaShAyI jIvonko kaShAy utpanna karake bhI pApako chhuDAte hain aur
dharmamen lagAte hain. jaise – pApakA phal narakAdikake dukh dikhAkar unako bhay kaShAy utpanna
karake pApakArya chhuDavAte hain, tathA puNyake phal svargAdikake sukh dikhAkar unhen lobh kaShAy
utpanna karake dharmakAryommen lagAte hain. tathA yah jIv indriyaviShay, sharIr, putra, dhanAdikake
anurAgase pAp karatA hai, dharma-parAngmukh rahatA hai; isaliye indriyaviShayonko maraN, kleshAdike
kAraN batalAkar unamen arati kaShAy karAte hain. sharIrAdiko ashuchi batalAkar vahAn jugupsA
kaShAy karAte hain; putrAdikako dhanAdikake grAhak batalAkar vahAn dveSh karAte hain; tathA dhanAdikako
maraN, kleshAdikakA kAraN batalAkar vahAn aniShTabuddhi karAte hain. – ityAdi upAyonse viShayAdimen
tIvra rAg dUr honese unake pApakriyA chhUTakar dharmamen pravRutti hotI hai. tathA nAmasmaraN,
stutikaraN, pUjA, dAn, shIlAdikase is lokamen dAridray kaShTa dUr hote hain, putra-dhanAdikakI
prApti hotI hai, – isaprakAr nirUpaN dvArA unake lobh utpanna karake un dharmakAryommen lagAte hain.
isI prakAr anya udAharaN jAnanA.
yahAn prashna hai ki koI kaShAy chhuDAkar koI kaShAy karAnekA prayojan kyA?

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AThavAn adhikAr ][ 281
samAdhAna – jaise rog to shItAng bhI hai aur jvar bhI hai; parantu kisIkA shItAngase
maraN hotA jAne, vahAn vaidya usako jvar honekA upAy karatA hai aur jvar honeke pashchAt
usake jInekI AshA ho tab bAdamen jvarako bhI miTAnekA upAy karatA hai. usI prakAr
kaShAy to sabhI hey hain; parantu kinhIn jIvonke kaShAyonse pApakArya hotA jAne, vahAn shrIguru
unako puNyakAryake kAraNabhUt kaShAy honekA upAy karate hain, pashchAt usake sachchI dharmabuddhi
huI jAnen tab bAdamen vah kaShAy miTAnekA upAy karate hain. aisA prayojan jAnanA.
tathA charaNAnuyogamen jaise jIv pAp chhoDakar dharmamen lagen vaise anek yuktiyon dvArA varNan
karate hain. vahAn laukik dRuShTAnta, yukti, udAharaN, nyAyavRuttike dvArA samajhAte hain va kahIn
anyamatake bhI udAharaNAdi kahate hain. jaise – ‘sUktamuktAvalI’ men lakShmIko kamalavAsinI kahI
va samudramen viSh aur lakShmI utpanna hue us apekShA use viShakI bhaginI kahI hai. isIprakAr
anyatra kahate hain.
vahAn kitane hI udAharaNAdi jhUThe bhI hain; parantu sachche prayojanakA poShaN karate hain, isaliye
doSh nahIn hai.
yahAn koI kahe ki jhUThakA to doSh lagatA hai?
usakA uttara — yadi jhUTh bhI hai aur sachche prayojanakA poShaN kare to use jhUTh nahIn
kahate. tathA sach bhI hai aur jhUThe prayojanakA poShaN kare to vah jhUTh hI hai.
alankAr – yukti – nAmAdikamen vachan apekShA jhUTh-sach nahIn hai, prayojan apekShA jhUTh-sach
hai. jaise – tuchchha shobhAsahit nagarIko indrapurIke samAn kahate hain so jhUTh hai, parantu shobhAke
prayojanakA poShaN karatA hai, isaliye jhUTh nahIn hai. tathA ‘is nagarImen chhatrako hI danD hai
anyatra nahIn hai’ – aisA kahA so jhUTh hai; anyatra bhI daNDa denA pAyA jAtA hai, parantu vahAn
anyAyavAn thoDe hain aur nyAyavAnako daNDa nahIn dete, aise prayojanakA poShaN karatA hai, isaliye
jhUTh nahIn hai. tathA bRuhaspatikA nAm ‘suraguru’ likhA hai va mangalakA nAm ‘kuj’ likhA hai
so aise nAm anyamat apekShA hain. — inakA akSharArtha hai so jhUThA hai; parantu vah nAm us
padArthakA artha pragaT karatA hai, isaliye jhUTh nahIn hai.
isaprakAr anya matAdikake udAharaNAdi dete hain so jhUTh hain; parantu udAharaNAdikakA
to shraddhAn karAnA hai nahIn, shraddhAn to prayojanakA karAnA hai aur prayojan sachchA hai, isaliye
doSh nahIn hai.
tathA charaNAnuyogamen chhadmasthakI buddhigochar sthUlapanekI apekShAse lokapravRuttikI mukhyatA

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sahit upadesh dete hain; parantu kevalagnAnagochar sUkShmapanekI apekShA nahIn dete; kyonki usakA
AcharaN nahIn ho sakatA. yahAn AcharaN karanekA prayojan hai.
jaise – aNuvratIke trasahinsAkA tyAg kahA hai aur usake strI-sevanAdi kriyAommen trasahinsA
hotI hai. yah bhI jAnatA hai ki jinavANImen yahAn tras kahe hain; parantu isake tras mAranekA
abhiprAy nahIn hai aur lokamen jisakA nAm trasaghAt hai use nahIn karatA hai; isaliye us
apekShA usake trasahinsAkA tyAg hai.
tathA munike sthAvarahinsAkA bhI tyAg kahA hai; parantu muni, pRithvI, jalAdimen gamanAdi
karate hain vahAn sarvathA trasakA bhI abhAv nahIn hai; kyonki tras jIvonkI bhI avagAhanA itanI
chhoTI hotI hai ki jo dRuShTigochar na ho aur unakI sthiti pRithvI, jalAdikamen hI hai – aisA
muni jinavANIse jAnate hain va kadAchit avadhignAnAdi dvArA bhI jAnate hain; parantu unake pramAdase
sthAvar-trasahinsAkA abhiprAy nahIn hai. tathA lokamen bhUmi khodanA tathA aprAsuk jalase kriyA
karanA ityAdi pravRuttikA nAm sthAvarahinsA hai aur sthUl tras jIvonko pIDit karanekA nAm
trasahinsA hai – use nahIn karate; isaliye muniko sarvathA hinsAkA tyAg kahate hain. tathA isIprakAr
asatya, stey, abrahma, parigrahakA tyAg kahA hai.
kevalagnAnake jAnanekI apekShA to asatyavachanayog bArahaven guNasthAnaparyanta kahA hai,
adattakarmaparamANu Adi paradravyakA grahaN terahaven guNasthAnaparyanta hai, vedakA uday navaven guNasthAn-
paryanta hai, antarang parigrah dasaven guNasthAnaparyanta hai, bAhyaparigrah samavasaraNAdi kevalIke bhI hotA
hai; parantu (muniko) pramAdase pAparUp abhiprAy nahIn hai aur lokapravRuttimen jin kriyAon dvArA
‘yah jhUTh bolatA hai, chorI karatA hai, kushIl sevan karatA hai, parigrah rakhatA hai’ – ityAdi nAm
pAtA hai, ve kriyAen inake nahIn hai; isaliye asatyAdikA inake tyAg kahA jAtA hai.
tathA jis prakAr munike mUlaguNommen panchendriyonke viShayakA tyAg kahA hai; parantu indriyonkA
jAnanA to miTatA nahIn hai aur viShayommen rAg-dveSh sarvathA dUr huA ho to yathAkhyAtachAritra
ho jAye so huA nahIn hai; parantu sthUlarUpase viShayechchhAkA abhAv huA hai aur bAhyaviShayasAmagrI
milAnekI pravRutti dUr huI hai; isaliye unake indriyaviShayakA tyAg kahA hai.
isIprakAr anyatra jAnanA.
tathA vratI jIv tyAg va AcharaN karatA hai so charaNAnuyogakI paddhati anusAr va
lokapravRuttike anusAr tyAg karatA hai. jaise – kisIne trasahinsAkA tyAg kiyA, vahAn
charaNAnuyogamen va lokamen jise trasahinsA kahate hain usakA tyAg kiyA hai, kevalagnAnAdi dvArA
jo tras dekhe jAte hain unakI hinsAkA tyAg banatA hI nahIn. vahAn jis trasahinsAkA tyAg