Moksha-Marg Prakashak-Hindi (English transliteration). Tisara Adhyay.

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dUsarA adhikAr ][ 43
tathA jaise koI navIn vastra pahinatA hai, kuchh kAl tak pahine rahatA hai, phi ra usako
chhoDakar anya vastra pahinatA hai; usI prakAr jIv navIn sharIr dhAraN karatA hai, kuchh kAl
tak dhAraN kiye rahatA hai, phi ra usako chhoDakar anya sharIr dhAraN karatA hai. isaliye
sharIr-sambandhakI apekShA janmAdik hain. jIv janmAdi rahit nitya hI hai tathApi mohI jIvako
atIt-anAgatakA vichAr nahIn hai; isalie prApta paryAyamAtra hI apanI sthiti mAnakar paryAy
sambandhI kAryommen hI tatpar ho rahA hai.
is prakAr Ayuse paryAyakI sthiti jAnanA.
nAmakarmodayajanya avasthA
tathA nAmakarmase yah jIv manuShyAdi gatiyonko prApta hotA hai; us paryAyarUp apanI
avasthA hotI hai. vahAn tras-sthAvarAdi visheSh utpanna hote hain. tathA vahAn ekendriyAdi jAtiko
dhAraN karatA hai. is jAtikarmake udayako aur matignAnAvaraNake kShayopashamako nimitta-
naimittikapanA jAnanA. jaisA kShayopasham ho vaisI jAti prApta karatA hai.
tathA sharIronkA sambandha hotA hai; vahAn sharIrake paramANu aur AtmAke pradeshonkA ek
bandhAn hotA hai tathA sankoch-vistArarUp hokar sharIrapramAN AtmA rahatA hai. tathA nokarmarUp
sharIramen angopAngAdikake yogya sthAn pramANasahit hote hain. isIse sparshan, rasanA Adi dravya-
indriyAn utpanna hotI hain tathA hRudayasthAnamen ATh pankhuriyonke phU le hue kamalake AkAr dravyaman
hotA hai. tathA us sharIramen hI AkArAdikakA visheSh honA, varNAdikakA visheSh honA aur
sthUl-sUkShmatvAdikA honA ityAdi kArya utpanna hote hain; so ve sharIrarUp pariNamit paramANu is
prakAr pariNamit hote hain.
tathA shvAsochchhvAs aur svar utpanna hote hain; ve bhI pudgalake piNDa hain aur sharIrase
ek bandhAnarUp hain. inamen bhI AtmAke pradesh vyApta hain. vahAn shvAsochchhvAs to pavan hai.
jaise AhArakA grahaN kare aur nihArako nikAle tabhI jInA hotA hai; usI prakAr bAhya pavanako
grahaN kare aur abhyantar pavanako nikAle tabhI jIvitavya rahatA hai. isaliye shvAsochchhvAs
jIvitavyakA kAraN hai. is sharIramen jis prakAr hAD-mAnsAdik hain usI prakAr pavan jAnanA.
tathA jaise hastAdikase kArya karate hain vaise hI pavanase hI kArya karate hain. munhamen jo grAs
rakhA use pavanase nigalate hain, malAdik pavanase bAhar nikAlate hain, vaise hI anya jAnanA.
tathA nADI, vAyurog, vAyagolA ityAdiko pavanarUp sharIrake ang jAnanA.
svar hai vah shabda hai. so jaise vINAkI tAntako hilAne par bhAShArUp hone yogya
jo pudgalaskandh hain ve sAkShar yA anakShar shabdarUp pariNamit hote hain; usI prakAr tAlu, honTh

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44 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
ityAdi angonko hilAne par bhAShAparyAptimen grahaN kiye gaye jo pudgalaskandh hain ve sAkShar yA
anakShar shabdarUp pariNamit hote hain.
tathA shubh-ashubh gamanAdik hote hain. yahAn aisA jAnanA ki jaise do puruShonko ikadanDI
beDI hai. vahAn ek puruSh gamanAdik karanA chAhe aur dUsarA bhI gamanAdik kare to gamanAdik
ho sakate hain, donommense ek baiThA rahe to gamanAdik nahIn ho sakate, tathA donommen ek balavAn
ho to dUsareko bhI ghasIT le jAye. usI prakAr AtmAke aur sharIrAdikarUp pudgalake
ekakShetrAvagAharUp bandhAn hai; vahAn AtmA halan-chalanAdi karanA chAhe aur pudgal us shaktise
rahit huA halan-chalan na kare athavA pudgalamen to shakti pAI jAtI hai, parantu AtmAkI
ichchhA na ho to halan-chalanAdi nahIn ho sakate. tathA inamen pudgal balavAn hokar halan-
chalan kare to usake sAth binA ichchhAke bhI AtmA halan-chalan karatA hai. is prakAr halan-
chalanAdi kriyA hotI hai. tathA isake apayash Adi bAhya nimitta banate hain. — is prakAr
ye kArya utpanna hote hain, unase mohake anusAr AtmA sukhI-dukhI bhI hotA hai.
aise nAmakarmake udayase svayamev nAnAprakAr rachanA hotI hai, anya koI karanevAlA nahIn
hai. tathA tIrthankarAdi prakRiti yahAn hai hI nahIn.
gotrakarmodayajanya avasthA
gotrakarmase uchcha-nIch kulamen utpanna honA hotA hai; vahAn apanI adhikatA-hInatA prApta
hotI hai. mohake udayase AtmA sukhI-dukhI bhI hotA hai.
is prakAr aghAtikarmonke nimittase avasthA hotI hai.
is prakAr is anAdi sansAramen ghAti-aghAtikarmonke udayake anusAr AtmAke avasthA
hotI hai. so he bhavya! apane antarangamen vichArakar dekh ki aise hI hai ki nahIn. vichAr
karane par aisA hI pratibhAsit hotA hai. yadi aisA hai to tU yah mAn ki — ‘‘mere anAdi
sansAr-rog pAyA jAtA hai, usake nAshakA mujhe upAy karanA’’ — is vichArase terA kalyAN
hogA.
— iti shrI mokShamArgaprakAshak nAmak shAstramen sansAr-avasthAkA nirUpak
dvitIy adhikAr sampUrNa huA..2..
✾

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 45
tIsarA adhikAr
sansAradukh tathA
mokShasukhakA nirUpaN
dohA — so nijabhAv sadA sukhad, apanaun karau prakAsh,
jo bahuvidhi bhavadukhanikau, karihai sattA nAsh ..
ab, is sansAr-avasthAmen nAnAprakArake dukh hain unakA varNan karate hain. kyonki yadi
sansAramen bhI sukh ho to sansAramen mukta honekA upAy kisaliye karen. is sansAramen anek dukh
hain, isaliye sansArase mukta honekA upAy karate hain.
jaise — vaidya rogakA nidAn aur usakI avasthAkA varNan karake, rogIko rogakA nishchay
karAkar, phi ra usakA ilAj karanekI ruchi karAtA hai. usI prakAr yahAn sansArakA nidAn
tathA usakI avasthAkA varNan karake, sansArIko sansAr-rogakA nishchay karAke, ab usakA upAy
karanekI ruchi karAte hain.
jaise — rogI rogase dukhI ho rahA hai, parantu usakA mUl kAraN nahIn jAnatA, sachchA
upAy nahIn jAnatA aur dukh sahA nahIn jAtA; tab jo use bhAsit ho vahI upAy karatA
hai, isaliye dukh dUr nahIn hotA, tab taDap-taDapakar paravash huA un dukhonko sahatA hai.
use vaidya dukhakA mUlakAraN batalAye, dukhakA svarUp batalAye, un upAyonko jhUThA batalAye,
tab sachche upAy karanekI ruchi hotI hai. usI prakAr sansArI sansArase dukhI ho rahA hai,
parantu usakA mUlakAraN nahIn jAnatA, tathA sachche upAy nahIn jAnatA aur dukh sahA bhI nahIn
jAtA; tab apaneko bhAsit ho vahI upAy karatA hai, isaliye dukh dUr nahIn hotA, tab
taDap-taDapakar paravash huA un dukhonko sahatA hai. use yahAn dukhakA mUlakAraN batalAte
hain, dukhakA svarUp batalAte hain aur un upAyonko jhUThe batalAyen to sachche upAy karanekI
ruchi ho. isaliye yah varNan yahAn karate hain.

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46 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
sansAradukh aur usakA mUlakAraN
(ka) karmonkI apekShAse
vahAn sab dukhonkA mUlakAraN mithyAdarshan, agnAn aur asanyam hai. jo darshan-mohake
udayase huA atattvashraddhAn – mithyAdarshan hai, usase vastusvarUpakI yathArtha pratIti nahIn ho sakatI,
anyathA pratIti hotI hai. tathA us mithyAdarshan hI ke nimittase kShayopashamarUp gnAn hai vah
agnAn ho rahA hai, usase yathArtha vastusvarUpakA jAnanA nahIn hotA, anyathA jAnanA hotA hai.
tathA chAritramohake udayase huA kaShAyabhAv usakA nAm asanyam hai, usase jaise vastusvarUp
hai vaisA nahIn pravartatA, anyathA pravRutti hotI hai.
isaprakAr ye mithyAdarshanAdik hain ve hI sarva dukhonkA mUl kAraN hain. kis prakAr?
so batalAte hain —
gnAnAvaraN aur darshanAvaraNake kShayopashamase honevAlA dukh aur usase nivRutti
mithyAdarshanAdikase jIvako sva-par vivek nahIn ho sakatA. svayam ek AtmA aur
ananta pudgalaparamANumay sharIr; inake sanyogarUp manuShyAdi paryAy utpanna hotI hai, usI paryAyako
sva mAnatA hai. tathA AtmAkA gnAn-darshanAdi svabhAv hai usake dvArA kinchit jAnanA-dekhanA
hotA hai; aur karmopAdhise hue krodhAdikabhAv unarUp pariNAm pAye jAte hain; tathA sharIrakA
sparsha, ras, gandha, varNa svabhAv hai vah pragaT hai aur sthUl-kRuShAdik honA tathA sparshAdikakA
palaTanA ityAdi anek avasthAyen hotI hain; — in sabako apanA svarUp jAnatA hai.
vahAn gnAn-darshanakI pravRutti indriy — manake dvArA hotI hai, isaliye yah mAnatA hai ki
ye tvachA, jIbh, nAsikA, netra, kAn man mere ang hain. inake dvArA main dekhatA-jAnatA hUn;
aisI mAnyatAse indriyommen prIti pAyI jAtI hai.
tathA mohake Aveshase un indriyonke dvArA viShay-grahaN karane kI ichchhA hotI hai.
aur un viShayonkA grahaN hone par us ichchhAke miTanese nirAkul hotA hai tab Ananda mAnatA
hai. jaise kuttA hI chabAtA hai, usase apanA lohU nikale usakA svAd lekar aisA mAnatA
hai ki yah hayionkA svAd hai. usI prakAr yah jIv viShayonko jAnatA hai, usase apanA
gnAn pravartatA hai, usakA svAd lekar aisA mAnatA hai ki yah viShayakA svAd hai. so viShayamen
to svAd hai nahIn. svayam hI ichchhA kI thI, use svayam hI jAnakar svayam hI Ananda mAn
liyA; parantu main anAdi-ananta gnAnasvarUp AtmA hUn — aisA nikeval(parase ke val bhinna)gnAnakA

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 47
to anubhavan hai nahIn. tathA mainne nRitya dekhA, rAg sunA, phU la sUnghe, (padArthakA svAd liyA,
padArthakA sparsha kiyA) shAstra jAnA, mujhe yah jAnanA; — is prakAr gneyamishrit gnAnakA anubhavan
hai, usase viShayonkI hI pradhAnatA bhAsit hotI hai. is prakAr is jIvako mohake nimittase
viShayonkI ichchhA pAyI jAtI hai.
vahAn ichchhA to trikAlavartI sarvaviShayonko grahaN karanekI hai. main sarvakA sparsha karUn,
sarvakA svAd lUn, sarvako sUnghUn, sarvako dekhUn, sarvako sunUn, sarvako jAnUn; ichchhA to itanI hai.
parantu shakti itanI hI hai ki indriyonke sanmukh AnevAle vartamAn sparsha, ras, gandha, varNa,
shabda; unamense kisIko kinchit mAtra grahaN kare tathA smaraNAdikase man dvArA kinchit jAne,
so bhI bAhya anek kAraN milane par siddha ho. isalie ichchhA kabhI pUrNa nahIn hotI.
aisI ichchhA to kevalagnAn hone par sampUrNa ho.
kShayopashamarUp indriyonse to ichchhA pUrNa hotI nahIn hai, isaliye mohake nimittase indriyonko
apane-apane viShay-grahaNakI nirantar ichchhA hotI hI rahatI hai; usase Akulit hokar dukhI
ho rahA hai. aisA dukhI ho rahA hai ki kisI ek viShayake grahaNake artha apane maraNako
bhI nahIn ginatA hai. jaise hAthIko kapaTakI hathinIkA sharIr sparsha karanekI, machchhako bansImen
lagA huA mAnsakA svAd lenekI, bhramarako kamal-sugandha sUnghanekI, patangeko dIpakakA varNa dekhanekI
aur hariNako rAg sunanekI ichchhA aisI hotI hai ki tatkAl maranA bhAsit ho tathApi maraNako
nahIn ginate. viShayonkA grahaN karane par usake maraN hotA thA, viShayasevan nahIn karane par
indriyon kI pIDA adhik bhAsit hotI hai. in indriyonkI pIDAse pIDitarUp sarva jIv
nirvichAr hokar jaise koI dukhI parvatase gir paDe vaise hI viShayommen chhalAng lagAte hain. nAnA
kaShTase dhan utpanna karate hain, use viShayake artha khote hain. tathA viShayonke artha jahAn maraN
honA jAnate hain vahAn bhI jAte hain. narakAdike kAraN jo hinsAdik kArya unhen karate hain tathA
krodhAdi kaShAyonko utpanna karate hain.
ve karen kyA? indriyonkI pIDA sahI nahIn jAtI, isaliye anya vichAr kuchh AtA
nahIn. isI pIDAse pIDit hue indrAdik hain; ve bhI viShayommen ati Asakta ho rahe hain.
jaise khAj-rogase pIDit huA puruSh Asakta hokar khujAtA hai, pIDA na ho to kisaliye
khujAye; usI prakAr indriyarogase pIDit hue indrAdik Asakta hokar viShay sevan karate hain.
pIDA na ho to kisaliye viShay sevan karen?
is prakAr gnAnAvaraN-darshanAvaraNake kShayopashamase huA indriyajanit gnAn hai, vah
mithyAdarshanAdike nimittase ichchhAsahit hokar dukhakA kAraN huA hai.

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48 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
ab, is dukhake dUr honekA upAy yah jIv kyA karatA hai so kahate hain. indriyonse
viShayonkA grahaN hone par merI ichchhA pUrNa hogI aisA jAnakar pratham to nAnAprakArake bhojanAdikonse
indriyonko prabal karatA hai aur aisA hI jAnatA hai ki indriyonke prabal rahanese mere viShay-grahaNakI
shakti visheSh hotI hai. tathA vahAn anek bAhya kAraN chAhie unakA nimitta milAtA hai.
tathA indriyAn hain ve viShay-sanmukh hone par unako grahaN karatI hain, isalie anek
bAhya upAyon dvArA viShayonkA tathA indriyonkA sanyog milAtA hai. nAnAprakArake vastrAdikakA,
bhojanAdikakA, puShpAdikakA, mandir-AbhUShaNAdikakA tathA gAn-vAditrAdikakA sanyog milAneke
artha bahut khedakhinna hotA hai.
tathA in indriyonke sanmukh viShay rahatA hai tab tak us viShayakA kinchit spaShTa
jAnapanA rahatA hai, pashchAt man dvArA smaraNamAtra rah jAtA hai. kAl vyatIt hone par smaraN
bhI mand hotA jAtA hai, isalie un viShayonko apane AdhIn rakhanekA upAy karatA hai aur
shIghra-shIghra unakA grahaN kiyA karatA hai. tathA indriyonke to ek kAlamen ek viShayakA hI
grahaN hotA hai, kintu yah bahut grahaN karanA chAhatA hai, isaliye Akulit hokar shIghra-
shIghra ek viShayako chhoDakar anyako grahaN karatA hai, tathA use chhoDakar anyako grahaN karatA
hai — aise jhapaTTe mAratA hai.
is prakAr jo upAy ise bhAsit hote hain so karatA hai, parantu ve jhUThe hain. kyonki
pratham to in sabakA aisA hI honA apane AdhIn nahIn hai, mahAn kaThin hai; tathA kadAchit
uday anusAr aisI hI vidhi mil jAye to indriyonko prabal karanese kahIn viShay-grahaNakI
shakti baDhatI nahIn hai; vah shakti to gnAn-darshan baDhAne par baDhatI hai so yah karmake kShayopashamake
AdhIn hai. kisIkA sharIr puShTa hai usake aisI shakti kam dekhI jAtI hai, kisIkA sharIr
durbal hai usake adhik dekhI jAtI hai. isalie bhojanAdi dvArA indriyAn puShTa karanese kuchh
siddhi hai nahIn. kaShAyAdi ghaTanese karmakA kShayopasham hone par gnAn-darshan baDhe tab viShayagrahaNakI
shakti baDhatI hai.
tathA viShayonkA jo sanyog milAtA hai vah bahut kAl tak nahIn rahatA athavA sarva
viShayonkA sanyog milatA hI nahIn hai, isaliye yah AkulatA banI hI rahatI hai. tathA un
viShayonko apane AdhIn rakhakar shIghra-shIghra grahaN karatA hai, kintu ve AdhIn rahate nahIn hain.
ve bhinna dravya to apane AdhIn pariNamit hote hain yA karmodayake AdhIn hain. aise karmakA
bandha yathAyogya shubhabhAv hone par hotA hai aur pashchAt uday AtA hai vah pratyakSha dekhate
hain. anek upAy karane par bhI karmake nimitta binA sAmagrI nahIn milatI.

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 49
tathA ek viShayako chhoDakar anyakA grahaN karatA hai – aise jhapaTTe mAratA hai usase kyA
siddhi hotI hai? jaise maNakI bhUkhavAleko kaN mile to kyA bhUkh miTatI hai? usI prakAr
jise sarvake grahaNakI ichchhA hai use ek viShayakA grahaN hone par kyA ichchhA miTatI hai?
ichchhA miTe binA sukh nahIn hotA, isalie yah upAy jhUThA hai.
koI pUchhatA hai ki is upAyase kaI jIv sukhI hote dekhe jAte hain, sarvathA jhUTh
kaise kahate ho?
samAdhAna — sukhI to nahIn hote hain, bhramase sukh mAnate hain. yadi sukhI hue hon to
anya viShayonkI ichchhA kaise rahegI? jaise — rog miTane par anya auShadhiko kyon chAhe? usI
prakAr dukh miTane par anya viShayonko kyon chAhe? isaliye viShayake grahaN dvArA ichchhA ruk
jAye to ham sukh mAnen. parantu jab tak jis viShayakA grahaN nahIn hotA tab tak to
usakI ichchhA rahatI hai aur jis samay usakA grahaN huA usI samay anya viShay-grahaNakI
ichchhA hotI dekhI jAtI hai, to yah sukh mAnanA kaise hai? jaise koI mahA kShudhAvAn rank
usako ek annakA kaN milA usakA bhakShaN karake chain mAne; usI prakAr yah mahA tRuShNAvAn
usako ek viShayakA nimitta milA usakA grahaN karake sukh mAnatA hai, paramArthase sukh hai
nahIn.
koI kahe ki jis prakAr kaN-kaN karake apanI bhUkh miTAye, usI prakAr ek-
ek viShayakA grahaN karake apanI ichchhA pUrNa kare to doSh kyA?
uttara — yadi ve kaN ekatrit hon to aisA hI mAn len, parantu jab dUsarA kaN milatA
hai tab pahale kaNakA nirgaman ho jAye to kaise bhUkh miTegI? usI prakAr jAnanemen viShayonkA
grahaN ekatrit hotA jAye to ichchhA pUrNa ho jAye, parantu jab dUsarA viShay grahaN karatA
hai tab pUrvamen jo viShay grahaN kiyA thA usakA jAnanA nahIn rahatA, to kaise ichchhA pUrNa
ho? ichchhA pUrNa hue binA AkulatA miTatI nahIn hai aur AkulatA miTe binA sukh kaise
kahA jAy?
tathA ek viShayakA grahaN bhI mithyAdarshanAdikake sadbhAvapUrvak karatA hai, isaliye
AgAmI anek dukhonkA kAraN karma bandhate hain. isaliye yah varttamAnamen sukh nahIn hai, AgAmI
sukhakA kAraN nahIn hai, isaliye dukh hI hai. yahI pravachanasAramen kahA hai —
saparan bAdhAsahiyan vichchhiNNan bandhakAraNan visaman.
jan indiehin laddhan tan sokkhan dukkhamev tahA..76..

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50 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
artha — jo indriyonse prApta kiyA sukh hai vah parAdhIn hai, bAdhAsahit hai, vinAshIk
hai, bandhakA kAraN hai, viSham hai; so aisA sukh is prakAr dukh hI hai.
is prakAr is sansArI jIv dvArA kiye upAy jhUThe jAnanA.
to sachchA upAy kyA hai? jab ichchhA to dUr ho jAye aur sarva viShayonkA yugapat
grahaN banA rahe tab yah dukh miTe. so ichchhA to moh jAne par miTe aur sabakA yugapat
grahaN kevalagnAn hone par ho. inakA upAy samyagdarshanAdik hai aur vahI sachchA upAy
jAnanA.
is prakAr to mohake nimittase gnAnAvaraN-darshanAvaraNakA kShayopasham bhI dukhadAyak hai,
usakA varNan kiyA.
yahAn koI kahe ki — gnAnAvaraN-darshanAvaraNake udayase jAnanA nahIn huA, isaliye use
dukhakA kAraN kaho; kShayopashamako kyon kahate ho?
samAdhAn : — yadi jAnanA na honA dukhakA kAraN ho to pudgalake bhI dukh Thahare,
parantu dukhakA mUlakAraN to ichchhA hai aur ichchhA kShayopashamase hI hotI hai, isaliye kShayopashamako
dukhakA kAraN kahA hai; paramArthase kShayopasham bhI dukhakA kAraN nahIn hai. jo mohase viShay-
grahaNakI ichchhA hai, vahI dukhakA kAraN jAnanA.
mohanIy karmake udayase honevAlA dukh aur usase nivRutti
mohakA uday hai so dukharUp hI hai, kis prakAr so kahate hain —
darshanamohase dukh aur usase nivRutti
pratham to darshanamohake udayase mithyAdarshan hotA hai; usake dvArA jaisA isake shraddhAn
hai vaisA to padArtha hotA nahIn hai, jaisA padArtha hai vaisA yah mAnatA nahIn hai, isaliye isako
AkulatA hI rahatI hai.
jaise — pAgalako kisIne vastra pahinA diyA. vah pAgal us vastrako apanA ang
jAnakar apaneko aur vastrako ek mAnatA hai. vah vastra pahinAnevAleke AdhIn honese kabhI
vah phADatA hai, kabhI joDatA hai, kabhI khonsatA hai, kabhI nayA pahinAtA hai — ityAdi charitra
karatA hai. vah pAgal use apane AdhIn mAnatA hai, usakI parAdhIn kriyA hotI hai, usase
vah mahA khedakhinna hotA hai. usI prakAr is jIvako karmodayane sharIr-sambandha karAyA. yah
jIv us sharIrako apanA ang jAnakar apaneko aur sharIrako ek mAnatA hai. vah sharIr
karmake AdhIn kabhI kRuSh hotA hai, kabhI sthUl hotA hai, kabhI naShTa hotA hai, kabhI navIn

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 51
utpanna hotA hai — ityAdi charitra hote hain. yah jIv use apane AdhIn mAnatA hai, usakI
parAdhIn kriyA hotI hai, usase mahA khedakhinna hotA hai.
tathA jaise — jahAn vah pAgal ThaharA thA vahAn manuShya, ghoDA, dhanAdik kahInse Akar
utare, vah pAgal unhen apanA jAnatA hai. ve to unhInke AdhIn koI Ate hain, koI jAte
hai; koI anek avasthArUp pariNaman karate hain; vah pAgal unhen apane AdhIn mAnatA hai,
unakI parAdhIn kriyA ho tab khedakhinna hotA hai. usI prakAr yah jIv jahAn paryAy dhAraN
karatA hai vahAn svayamev putra, ghoDA, dhanAdik kahInse Akar prApta hue, yah jIv unhen apanA
jAnatA hai. ve to unhInke AdhIn koI Ate hain, koI jAte hain, koI anek avasthArUp
pariNaman karate hain; yah jIv unhen apane AdhIn mAnatA hai, aur unakI parAdhIn kriyA ho
tab khedakhinna hotA hai.
yahAn koI kahe ki — kisI kAlamen sharIrakI tathA putrAdikakI kriyA is jIvake AdhIn
bhI to hotI dikhAI detI hai, tab to yah sukhI hotA hai?
samAdhAna — sharIrAdikake bhavitavyakI aur jIvakI ichchhAkI vidhi milane par kisI
ek prakAr jaise vah chAhatA hai vaise koI pariNamit hotA hai, isaliye kisI kAlamen usIkA
vichAr hone par sukhakAsA AbhAs hotA hai; parantu sarva hI to sarva prakArase jaise yah chAhatA
hai vaise pariNamit nahIn hote, isaliye abhiprAyamen to anek AkulatA sadAkAl rahA hI karatI
hai.
tathA kisI kAlamen kisI prakAr ichchhAnusAr pariNamit hote dekhakar kahIn yah jIv
sharIr, putrAdikamen ahankAr-mamakAr karatA hai; so is buddhise unako utpanna karanekI, baDhAnekI,
tathA rakShA karanekI chintAse nirantar vyAkul rahatA hai. nAnA prakAr kaShTa sahakar bhI unakA
bhalA chAhatA hai.
tathA jo viShayonkI ichchhA hotI hai, kaShAy hotI hai, bAhya-sAmagrImen iShTa-aniShTapanA mAnatA
hai, anyathA upAy karatA hai, sachche upAyakI shraddhA nahIn karatA, anyathA kalpanA karatA hai;
so in sabakA mUlakAraN ek mithyAdarshan hai. usakA nAsh hone par sabakA nAsh ho jAtA
hai, isaliye sab dukhonkA mUl yah mithyAdarshan hai.
tathA us mithyAdarshanake nAshakA upAy bhI nahIn karatA. anyathA shraddhAnako satyashraddhAn
mAne tab upAy kisaliye kare?
tathA sangnI panchendriy kadAchit tattvanishchay karanekA upAy vichAre, vahAn abhAgyase kudev-

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52 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
kuguru-kushAstrakA nimitta bane to atattvashraddhAn puShTa ho jAtA hai. vah to jAnatA hai ki
inase merA bhalA hogA; parantu ve aisA upAy karate hain jisase yah achet ho jAya.
vastusvarUpakA vichAr karaneko udyamI huA thA so viparIt vichAramen dRuDh ho jAtA hai aur
tab viShay-kaShAyakI vAsanA baDhanese adhik dukhI hotA hai.
tathA kadAchit sudev-suguru-sushAstrakA bhI nimitta ban jAye to vahAn unake nishchay-
upadeshakA to shraddhAn nahIn karatA, vyavahArashraddhAnase atattvashraddhAnI hI rahatA hai. vahAn mandakaShAy
ho tathA viShayakI ichchhA ghaTe to thoDA dukhI hotA hai, parantu phi ra jaisekA taisA ho jAtA
hai; isaliye yah sansArI jo upAy karatA hai ve bhI jhUThe hI hote hain.
tathA is sansArIke ek yah upAy hai ki svayamko jaisA shraddhAn hai usI prakAr padArthonko
pariNamit karanA chAhatA hai. yadi ve pariNamit hon to isakA sachchA shraddhAn ho jAye. parantu
anAdinidhan vastuen bhinna-bhinna apanI maryAdA sahit pariNamit hotI hain, koI kisIke AdhIn
nahIn hain, koI kisIke pariNamit karAnese pariNamit nahIn hotIn. unhen pariNamit karAnA chAhe
vah koI upAy nahIn hai, vah to mithyAdarshan hI hai.
to sachchA upAy kyA hai? jaisA padArthonkA svarUp hai vaisA shraddhAn ho jAye to sarva
dukh dUr ho jAyen. jis prakAr koI mohit hokar murdeko jIvit mAne yA jilAnA chAhe
to Ap hI dukhI hotA hai. tathA use murdA mAnanA aur yah jilAnese jiyegA nahIn aisA
mAnanA so hI us dukhake dUr honekA upAy hai. usI prakAr mithyAdRuShTi hokar padArthonko
anyathA mAne, anyathA pariNamit karanA chAhe to Ap hI dukhI hotA hai. tathA unhen yathArtha
mAnanA aur yah pariNamit karAnese anyathA pariNamit nahIn honge aisA mAnanA so hI us
dukhake dUr honekA upAy hai. bhramajanit dukhakA upAy bhram dUr karanA hI hai. so bhram
dUr honese samyakshraddhAn hotA hai, vahI satya upAy jAnanA.
chAritramohase dukh aur usase nivRutti
chAritramohake udayase krodhAdi kaShAyarUp tathA hAsyAdi nokaShAyarUp jIvake bhAv hote
hain, tab yah jIv kleshavAn hokar dukhI hotA huA vihval hokar nAnAprakArake kukAryommen
pravartatA hai. so hI dikhAte hain —
jab isake krodh kaShAy utpanna hotI hai tab dUsarekA burA karanekI ichchhA hotI hai
aur usake artha anek upAy vichAratA hai, marmachchhedI gAlI pradAnAdirUp vachan bolatA hai.

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 53
apane angonse tathA shastra-pAShANAdikase ghAt karatA hai. anek kaShTa sahanakar tathA dhanAdi
kharcha karake va maraNAdi dvArA apanA bhI burA karake anyakA burA karanekA udyam karatA hai
athavA auronse burA honA jAne to auronse burA karAtA hai. svayam hI usakA burA hotA
ho to anumodan karatA hai. usakA burA honese apanA kuchh bhI prayojan siddha na ho tathApi
usakA burA karatA hai. tathA krodh hone par koI pUjya yA iShTajan bhI bIchamen Ayen to
unhen bhI burA kahatA hai, mArane lag jAtA hai, kuchh vichAr nahIn rahatA. tathA anyakA burA
na ho to apane antarangamen Ap hI bahut santApavAn hotA hai aur apane hI angonkA ghAt
karatA hai tathA viShAdise mar jAtA hai. — aisI avasthA krodh honese hotI hai.
tathA jab isake mAn kaShAy utpanna hotI hai tab auronko nIchA va apaneko UnchA
dikhAnekI ichchhA hotI hai aur usake artha anek upAy sochatA hai. anyakI nindA karatA
hai, apanI prashansA karatA hai va anek prakArase auronkI mahimA miTAtA hai, apanI mahimA karatA
hai. mahAkaShTase jo dhanAdikakA sangrah kiyA use vivAhAdi kAryommen kharcha karatA hai tathA karja
lekar bhI kharchatA hai. maraneke bAd hamArA yash rahegA aisA vichArakar apanA maraN karake
bhI apanI mahimA baDhAtA hai. yadi koI apanA sanmAnAdik na kare to use bhayAdik dikhAkar
dukh utpanna karake apanA sanmAn karAtA hai. tathA mAn hone par koI pUjya – baDe hon unakA
bhI sanmAn nahIn karatA, kuchh vichAr nahIn rahatA. yadi anya nIchA aur svayam UnchA dikhAI
na de, to apane antarangamen Ap bahut santApavAn hotA hai aur apane angonkA ghAt karatA
hai tathA viSh Adise mar jAtA hai. — aisI avasthA mAn hone par hotI hai.
tathA jab isake mAyA kaShAy utpanna hotI hai tab chhal dvArA kArya siddha karanekI
ichchhA hotI hai. usake artha anek upAy sochatA hai, nAnAprakAr kapaTake vachan kahatA hai,
sharIrakI kapaTarUp avasthA karatA hai, bAhya vastuonko anyathA batalAtA hai, tathA jinamen apanA
maraN jAne aise bhI chhal karatA hai. kapaT pragaT hone par svayamkA bahut burA ho, maraNAdik
ho unako bhI nahIn ginatA. tathA mAyA hone par kisI pUjya va iShTakA bhI sambandha bane
to unase bhI chhal karatA hai, kuchh vichAr nahIn rahatA. yadi chhal dvArA kAryasiddhi na ho
to svayam bahut santApavAn hotA hai, apane angonkA ghAt karatA hai tathA viSh Adise mar
jAtA hai. — aisI avasthA mAyA hone par hotI hai.
tathA jab isake lobh kaShAy utpanna ho tab iShTa padArthake lAbhakI ichchhA honese usake
artha anek upAy sochatA hai. usake sAdhanarUp vachan bolatA hai, sharIrakI anek cheShTA karatA

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54 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
hai, bahut kaShTa sahatA hai, sevA karatA hai, videshagaman karatA hai. jisamen maraN honA jAne
vah kArya bhI karatA hai. jinamen bahut dukh utpanna ho aise prArambha karatA hai. tathA lobh
hone par pUjya va iShTakA bhI kArya ho vahAn bhI apanA prayojan sAdhatA hai, kuchh vichAr nahIn
rahatA. tathA jis iShTa vastukI prApta huI hai usakI anek prakArase rakShA karatA hai. yadi
iShTa vastukI prApti na ho yA iShTakA viyog ho to svayam santApavAn hotA hai, apane angonkA
ghAt karatA hai tathA viSh Adise mar jAtA hai. — aisI avasthA lobh hone par hotI hai.
is prakAr kaShAyonse pIDit huA in avasthAommen pravartatA hai.
tathA in kaShAyonke sAth nokaShAy hotI hain. vahAn jab hAsya kaShAy hotI hai tab
svayam vikasit praphu llit hotA hai; vah aisA jAnanA jaise sannipAtake rogIkA hansanA; nAnA
rogonse svayam pIDit hai to bhI koI kalpanA karake hansane lag jAtA hai. isI prakAr yah
jIv anek pIDA sahit hai; tathApi koI jhUThI kalpanA karake apaneko suhAtA kArya mAnakar
harSha mAnatA hai, paramArthata dukhI hotA hai. sukhI to kaShAy-rog miTane par hogA.
tathA jab rati utpanna hotI hai tab iShTa vastumen ati Asakta hotA hai. jaise billI
chUheko pakaDakar Asakta hotI hai, koI mAre to bhI nahIn chhoDatI; so yahAn kaThinatAse prApta
honeke kAraN tathA viyog honeke abhiprAyase AsaktatA hotI hai, isaliye dukh hI hai.
tathA jab arati utpanna hotI hai tab aniShTa vastukA sanyog pAkar mahA vyAkul hotA
hai. aniShTakA sanyog huA vah svayamko suhAtA nahIn hai, vah pIDA sahI nahIn jAtI, isaliye
usakA viyog karaneko taDapatA hai; vah dukh hI hai.
tathA jab shok utpanna hotA hai tab iShTakA viyog aur aniShTakA sanyog honese ati
vyAkul hokar santAp paidA karatA hai, rotA hai, pukAr karatA hai, asAvadhAn ho jAtA hai,
apane angakA ghAt karake mar jAtA hai; kuchh siddhi nahIn hai tathApi svayam hI mahA dukhI
hotA hai.
tathA jab bhay utpanna hotA hai tab kisIko iShTa-viyog va aniShTa-sanyogakA kAraN
jAnakar DaratA hai, ativihval hotA hai, bhAgatA hai, chhipatA hai, shithil ho jAtA hai, kaShTa
honeke sthAn par pahunch jAtA hai va mar jAtA hai; so yah dukharUp hI hai.
tathA jab jugupsA utpanna hotI hai tab aniShTa vastuse ghRuNA karatA hai. usakA to
sanyog huA aur yah ghRuNA karake bhAganA chAhatA hai yA use dUr karanA chAhatA hai aur
khedakhinna hokar mahA dukh pAtA hai.

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 55
tathA tInon vedonse jab kAm utpanna hotA hai tab puruShavedase strIke sAth ramaN karanekI,
strIvedase puruShake sAth ramaN karanekI aur napunsakavedase dononke sAth ramaN karanekI ichchhA
hotI hai. usase ati vyAkul hotA hai, AtAp utpanna hotA hai, nirlajja hotA hai, dhan kharcha
karatA hai, apayashako nahIn ginatA, paramparA dukh ho va daNDa Adi ho use nahIn ginatA.
kAmapIDAse pAgal ho jAtA hai, mar jAtA hai. rasagranthommen kAmakI das dashAen kahI hain.
vahAn pAgal honA, maraN honA likhA hai. vaidyakashAstrommen jvarake bhedommen kAmajvarako maraNakA
kAraN likhA hai. pratyakSha hI kAmase maraN tak hote dekhe jAte hain. kAmAndhako kuchh vichAr
nahIn rahatA. pitA putrI tathA manuShya tiryanchinI ityAdise ramaN karane lag jAte hain. aisI
kAmakI pIDA hai so mahAdukharUp hai.
is prakAr kaShAyon aur nokaShAyonse avasthAen hotI hain.
yahAn aisA vichAr AtA hai ki yadi in avasthAommen na pravarte to krodhAdik pIDA
utpanna karate hain aur in avasthAommen pravarte to maraNaparyanta kaShTa hote hain. vahAn maraNaparyanta
kaShTa to svIkAr karate hain, parantu krodhAdikakI pIDA sahanA svIkAr nahIn karate. isase yah
nishchit huA ki maraNAdikase bhI kaShAyonkI pIDA adhik hai.
tathA jab isake kaShAyakA uday ho tab kaShAy kiye binA rahA nahIn jAtA.
bAhyakaShAyonke kAraN milen to unake Ashray kaShAy karatA hai, yadi na milen to svayam kAraN
banAtA hai. jaise — vyApArAdi kaShAyonkA kAraN na ho to juA khelanA va krodhAdikake kAraN
anya anek khel khelanA, duShTa kathA kahanA-sunanA ityAdi kAraN banAtA hai. tathA kAm-
krodhAdi pIDA karen aur sharIramen unarUp kArya karanekI shakti na ho to auShadhi banAtA hai
aur anya anek upAy karatA hai. tathA koI kAraN bane hI nahIn to apane upayogamen
kaShAyonke kAraNabhUt padArthonkA chintavan karake svayam hI kaShAyonrUp pariNamit hotA hai.
is prakAr yah jIv kaShAyabhAvonse pIDit huA mahAn dukhI hotA hai.
tathA jis prayojanake liye kaShAyabhAv huA hai us prayojanakI siddhi ho to merA
yah dukh dUr ho aur mujhe sukh ho — aisA vichArakar us prayojan siddhi honeke artha anek
upAy karanA use dukhake dUr honekA upAy mAnatA hai.
ab yahAn kaShAyabhAvonse jo dukh hotA hai vah to sachchA hI hai, pratyakSha svayam hI
dukhI hotA hai; parantu yah jo upAy karatA hai ve jhUThe hain. kyon? so kahate hain —
krodhamen to anyakA burA karanA, mAnamen auronko nIchA dikhAkar svayam UnchA honA, mAyAmen

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56 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
chhalase kAryasiddhi karanA, lobhamen iShTakI prApti karanA, hAsyamen vikasit honekA kAraN banA
rahanA, ratimen iShTa sanyogakA banA rahanA, aratimen aniShTakA dUr honA, shokamen shokakA kAraN
miTanA, bhayamen bhayakA kAraN miTanA, jugupsAmen jugupsAkA kAraN dUr honA, puruShavedamen strIse
ramaN karanA, strIvedamen puruShase ramaN karanA, napunsakavedamen dononke sAth ramaN karanA — aise
prayojan pAye jAte hain.
yadi inakI siddhi ho to kaShAyakA upashaman honese dukh dUr ho jAye, sukhI ho;
parantu unakI siddhi isake kiye upAyonke AdhIn nahIn hai, bhavitavyake AdhIn hai; kyonki
anek upAy karate hain, parantu siddhi nahIn hotI. tathA upAy honA bhI apane AdhIn nahIn
hai, bhavitavyake AdhIn hai; kyonki anek upAy karanekA vichAr karatA hai aur ek bhI
upAy nahIn hotA dekhate hain.
tathA kAkatAlIy nyAyase bhavitavya aisA hI ho jaisA apanA prayojan ho, vaisA hI
upAy ho, aur usase kAryakI siddhi bhI ho jAye — to us kArya sambandhI kisI kaShAyakA
upasham ho; parantu vahAn rukAv nahIn hotA. jab tak kArya siddha nahIn huA thA tab tak
to us kArya sambandhI kaShAy thI; aur jis samay kArya siddha huA usI samay anya kArya
sambandhI kaShAy ho jAtI hain, ek samayamAtra bhI nirAkul nahIn rahatA. jaise koI krodhase
kisIkA burA sochatA thA aur usakA burA ho chukA, tab anya par krodh karake usakA
burA chAhane lagA. athavA thoDI shakti thI tab chhoTonkA burA chAhatA thA, bahut shakti huI
tab baDonkA burA chAhane lagA. usI prakAr mAn-mAyA-lobhAdik dvArA jo kArya sochatA thA
vah siddha ho chukA tab anyamen mAnAdik utpanna karake usakI siddhi karanA chAhatA hai. thoDI
shakti thI tab chhoTe kAryakI siddhi karanA chAhatA thA, bahut shakti huI tab baDe kAryakI
siddhi karanekI abhilAShA huI. kaShAyommen kAryakA pramAN ho to us kAryakI siddhi hone
par sukhI ho jAye; parantu pramAN hai nahIn, ichchhA baDhatI hI jAtI hai.
yahI AtmAnushAsanamen kahA hai —
AshAgarta pratiprANI yasmin vishvamaNUpamam.
kasya kin kiyadAyAti vRuthA vo viShayaiShitA..36..
artha — AshArUpI gaDDhA pratyek prANImen pAyA jAtA hai. anantAnanta jIv hain un sabake
AshA pAyI jAtI hai. tathA vah AshArUpI kUp kaisA hai ki us ek gaDDhemen samasta lok
aNu samAn hai aur lok to ek hI hai to ab yahAn kaho kisako kitanA hissemen Aye?
isaliye tumhen jo yah viShayonkI ichchhA hai so vRuthA hI hai.

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 57
ichchhA pUrNa to hotI nahIn hai, isaliye koI kArya siddha hone par bhI dukh dUr nahIn
hotA. athavA koI kaShAy miTe to usIsamay anya kaShAy ho jAtI hai. jaise — kisIko
mAranevAle bahut hon to koI ek jab nahIn mAratA tab anya mArane lag jAtA hai. usI
prakAr jIvako dukh denevAle anek kaShAy hain; va jab krodh nahIn hotA tab mAnAdik ho
jAte hain, jab mAn na ho tab krodhAdik ho jAte hain. is prakAr kaShAyakA sadbhAv banA
hI rahatA hai, koI ek samay bhI kaShAy rahit nahIn hotA. isaliye kisI kaShAyakA koI
kArya siddha hone par bhI dukh kaise dUr ho? aur isakA abhiprAy to sarva kaShAyonkA sarva
prayojan siddha karanekA hai, vah ho to yah sukhI ho; parantu vah kadApi nahIn ho sakatA,
isaliye abhiprAyamen sarvadA dukhI hI rahatA hai. isaliye kaShAyonke prayojanako sAdhakar dukh
dUr karake sukhI honA chAhatA hai; so yah upAy jhUThA hI hai.
tab sachchA upAy kyA hai? samyagdarshan — gnAnase yathAvat shraddhAn aur jAnanA ho tab
iShTa-aniShTa buddhi miTe, tathA unhInke balase chAritramohakA anubhAg hIn ho. aisA hone par
kaShAyonkA abhAv ho, tab unakI pIDA dUr ho aur tab prayojan bhI kuchh nahIn rahe, nirAkul
honese mahA sukhI ho. isaliye samyagdarshanAdik hI yah dukh meTanekA sachchA upAy hai.
antarAyakarmake udayase honevAle dukh aur usase nivRutti
tathA jIvake moh dvArA dAn, lAbh, bhog, upabhog, vIryashaktikA utsAh utpanna hotA
hai; parantu antarAyake udayase ho nahIn sakatA, tab param AkulatA hotI hai. so yah dukharUp
hai hI.
isakA upAy yah karatA hai ki jo vighnake bAhya kAraN sUjhate hain unhen dUr karanekA
udyam karatA hai, parantu vah upAy jhUThA hai. upAy karane par bhI antarAyakA uday honese
vighna hotA dekhA jAtA hai. antarAyakA kShayopasham hone par binA upAy bhI vighna nahIn hotA.
isaliye vighnonkA mUl kAraN antarAy hai.
tathA jaise kutteko puruSh dvArA mArI huI lAThI lagI, vahAn vah kuttA lAThIse vRuthA
hI dveSh karatA hai; usI prakAr jIvako antarAyase nimittabhUt kiye gaye bAhya chetan-achetan
dravyon dvArA vighna hue, yah jIv un bAhya dravyonse vRuthA dveSh karatA hai. anya dravya ise
vighna karanA chAhen aur isake na ho; tathA anya dravya vighna karanA na chAhen aur isake ho
jAye. isaliye jAnA jAtA hai ki anya dravyakA kuchh vash nahIn hai. jinakA vash nahIn
hai unase kisaliye laDe? isaliye yah upAy jhUThA hai.

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58 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
tab sachchA upAy kyA hai? mithyAdarshanAdikase ichchhA dvArA jo utsAh utpanna hotA thA
vah samyagdarshanAdikase dUr hotA hai aur samyagdarshanAdi dvArA hI antarAyakA anubhAg ghaTe tab
ichchhA to miT jAye aur shakti baDh jAye, tab vah dukh dUr hokar nirAkul sukh utpanna
hotA hai. isaliye samyagdarshanAdi hI sachchA upAy hai.
vedanIyakarmake udayake honevAlA dukh aur usase nivRutti
tathA vedanIyake udayase dukh-sukhake kAraNonkA sanyog hotA hai. vahAn kaI to sharIramen
hI avasthAen hotI hain, kaI sharIrakI avasthAko nimittabhUt bAhya sanyog hote hain, aur kaI
bAhya hI vastuonke sanyog hote hain. vahAn asAtAke udayase sharIramen to kShudhA, tRuShA, uchchhvAs,
pIDA, rog ityAdi hote hain; tathA sharIrakI aniShTa avasthAko nimittabhUt bAhya ati shIt,
uShNa, pavan, bandhanAdikakA sanyog hotA hai; tathA bAhya shatru, kuputrAdik va kuvarNAdik sahit
skandhonkA sanyog hotA hai — so moh dvArA inamen aniShTa buddhi hotI hai. jab inakA uday
ho tab mohakA uday aisA hI Ave jisase pariNAmommen mahA vyAkul hokar inhen dUr karanA
chAhe, aur jab tak ve dUr na hon tab tak dukhI rahatA hai. inake honese to sabhI dukh
mAnate hain.
tathA sAtAke udayase sharIramen ArogyavAnapanA, balavAnapanA ityAdi hote hain; aur
sharIrakI iShTa avasthAko nimittabhUt bAhya khAn-pAnAdik tathA suhAvane pavanAdikakA sanyog hotA
hai; tathA bAhya mitra, suputra, strI, kinkar, hAthI, ghoDA, dhan, dhAnya, makAn, vastrAdikakA sanyog
hotA hai — aur moh dvArA inamen iShTabuddhi hotI hai. jab inakA uday ho tab mohakA uday
aisA hI Aye ki jisase pariNAmommen sukh mAne, unakI rakShA chAhe, jab tak rahen tab tak
sukh mAne. so yah sukh mAnanA aisA hai jaise koI anek rogonse bahut pIDit ho rahA
thA, usake kisI upachArase kisI ek rogakI kuchh kAlake liye kuchh upashAntatA huI, tab
vah pUrva avasthAkI apekShA apaneko sukhI kahatA hai; paramArthase sukh hai nahIn.
tathA isake asAtAkA uday hone par jo ho usase to dukh bhAsit hotA hai, isaliye
use dUr karanekA upAy karatA hai; aur sAtAke uday hone par jo ho usase sukh bhAsit
hotA hai, isaliye use rakhanekA upAy karatA hai — parantu yah upAy jhUThA hai.
pratham to isake upAyake AdhIn nahIn hai, vedanIy karmake udayake AdhIn hai.
asAtAko miTAne aur sAtAko prApta karaneke artha to sabhIkA yatna rahatA hai; parantu kisIko
thoDA yatna karane par bhI athavA na karane par bhI siddhi ho jAye, kisIko bahut yatna karane

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 59
par bhI siddhi nahIn ho; isaliye jAnA jAtA hai ki isakA upAy isake AdhIn nahIn hai.
tathA kadAchit upAy bhI kare aur vaisA hI uday Aye to thoDe kAl tak kinchit
kisI prakArakI asAtAkA kAraN miTe aur sAtAkA kAraN ho; vahAn bhI mohake sadbhAvase
unako bhoganekI ichchhAse Akulit hotA hai. ek bhogya vastuko bhoganekI ichchhA ho, jab
tak vah nahIn milatI tab tak to usakI ichchhAse Akul hotA hai; aur vah milI usI
samay anyako bhoganekI ichchhA ho jAtI hai, tab usase Akul hotA hai. jaise — kisIko
svAd lenekI ichchhA huI thI, usakA AsvAd jis samay huA usI samay anya vastukA svAd
lenekI tathA sparshanAdikI ichchhA utpanna hotI hai.
athavA ek hI vastuko pahale anya prakAr bhoganekI ichchhA ho, jab tak vah nahIn
mile tab tak usakI AkulatA rahe aur vah bhog huA usI samay anya prakArase bhoganekI
ichchhA ho jAtI hai. jaise strIko dekhanA chAhatA thA, jis samay avalokan huA usI samay
ramaN karanekI ichchhA hotI hai. tathA aise bhog bhogate hue bhI unake anya upAy karanekI
AkulatA hotI hai to unhen chhoDakar anya upAy karanemen lag jAtA hai; vahAn anek prakArakI
AkulatA hotI hai.
dekho, ek dhanakA upAy karanemen vyApArAdik karate hue tathA usakI rakShA karanemen
sAvadhAnI karate hue kitanI AkulatA hotI hai. tathA kShudhA, tRuShA, shIt, uShNa, mal, shleShmAdi
asAtAkA uday AtA hI rahe; usake nirAkaraNase sukh mAne — so kAhekA sukh hai? yah
to rogakA pratikAr hai. jab tak kShudhAdik rahen tab tak unako miTAnekI ichchhAse AkulatA
hotI hai, vah miTen tab koI anya ichchhA utpanna ho usakI AkulatA hotI hai aur phi ra
kShudhAdik hon tab unakI AkulatA ho AtI hai.
is prakAr isake upAy karate hue kadAchit asAtA miTakar sAtA ho, vahAn bhI
AkulatA banI hI rahatI hai, isaliye dukh hI rahatA hai.
tathA aise bhI rahanA to hotA nahIn hai, upAy karate-karate hI apaneko asAtAkA uday
aisA Aye ki usakA kuchh upAy ban nahIn sake aur usakI pIDA ho, sahI na jAye, tab
usakI AkulatAse vihval ho jAye; vahAn mahA dukhI hotA hai.
so is sansAramen sAtAkA uday to kisI puNyake udayase kisIke kadAchit hI pAyA
jAtA hai; bahut jIvonke bahut kAl asAtAhIkA uday rahatA hai. isaliye upAy karatA
hai ve jhUThe hain.

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60 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
athavA bAhya sAmagrIse sukh-dukh mAnate hain so hI bhram hai. sukh-dukh to sAtA-asAtAkA
uday hone par mohake nimittase hote hain — aisA pratyakSha dekhanemen AtA hai. lakSha dhanake dhanIko
sahasra dhanakA vyay huA tab vah to dukhI hai aur shat dhanake dhanIko sahasra dhan huA tab
vah sukh mAnatA hai. bAhya sAmagrI to usake isase ninyAnavegunI hai. athavA lakSha dhanake dhanIko
adhik dhanakI ichchhA hai to vah dukhI hai aur shat dhanake dhanIko santoSh hai to vah sukhI
hai. tathA samAn vastu milane par koI sukh mAnatA hai koI dukh mAnatA hai. jaise — kisIko
moTe vastrakA milanA dukhakArI hotA hai, kisIko sukhakArI hotA hai. tathA sharIramen kShudhA Adi
pIDA va bAhya iShTakA viyog, aniShTakA sanyog hone par kisIko bahut dukh hotA hai, kisIko
thoDA hotA hai, kisIko nahIn hotA. isaliye sAmagrIke AdhIn sukh-dukh nahIn hain, sAtA-
asAtAkA uday hone par moh-pariNamanake nimittase hI sukh-dukh mAnate hain.
yahAn prashna hai ki — bAhya sAmagrIkA to tum kahate ho vaisA hI hai; parantu sharIramen
to pIDA hone par dukhI hotA hI hai aur pIDA na hone par sukhI hotA hai — yah to
sharIr-avasthAhIke AdhIn sukh-dukh bhAsit hote hain?
samAdhAna — AtmAkA to gnAn indriyAdhIn hai aur indriyAn sharIrakA angga hain, isaliye
isamen jo avasthA ho use jAnanerUp gnAn pariNamit hotA hai; usake sAth hI mohabhAv ho,
usase sharIrakI avasthA dvArA sukh-dukh visheSh jAnA jAtA hai. tathA putra dhanAdikase adhik
moh ho to apane sharIrakA kaShTa sahe usakA thoDA dukh mAne, aur unako dukh hone par
athavA unakA sanyog miTane par bahut dukh mAne; aur muni hain ve sharIrako pIDA hone
par bhI kuchh dukh nahIn mAnate; isaliye sukh-dukhakA mAnanA to mohahIke AdhIn hai. mohake
aur vedanIyake nimitta-naimittik sambandha hai, isaliye sAtA-asAtA ke udayase sukh-dukhakA
honA bhAsit hotA hai. tathA mukhyata kitanI hI sAmagrI sAtAke udayase hotI hai, kitanI
hI asAtAke udayase hotI hai; isaliye sAmagriyonse sukh-dukh bhAsit hote hain. parantu nirdhAr
karane par moh hI se sukh-dukh kA mAnanA hotA hai, auronke dvArA sukh-dukh honekA niyam
nahIn hai. kevalIke sAtA-asAtAkA uday bhI hai aur sukh-dukhake kAraN sAmagrIkA sanyog
bhI hai; parantu mohake abhAvase kinchitmAtra bhI sukh-dukh nahIn hotA. isaliye sukh-dukh
ko mohajanit hI mAnanA. isaliye tU sAmagrIko dUr karanekA yA honekA upAy karake dukh
miTAnA chAhe aur sukhI honA chAhe so yah upAy jhUThA hai.
to sachchA upAy kyA hai? samyagdarshanAdikase bhram dUr ho tab sAmagrIse sukh-dukh bhAsit
nahIn hotA, apane pariNAmahIse bhAsit hotA hai. tathA yathArtha vichArake abhyAs dvArA apane

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tIsarA adhikAr ][ 61
pariNAm jaise sAmagrIke nimittase sukhI-dukhI na hon vaise sAdhan kare tathA samyagdarshanAdikI
bhAvanAsehI moh mand ho jAye tab aisI dashA ho jAye ki anek kAraN milane par bhI
apaneko sukh-dukh nahIn hotA; tab ek shAntadashArUp nirAkul hokar sachche sukhakA anubhav
karatA hai, aur tab sarva dukh miTakar sukhI hotA hai — yah sachchA upAy hai.
Ayukarmake udayase honevAlA dukh aur usase nivRutti
tathA Ayukarmake nimittase paryAyakA dhAraN karanA so jIvitavya hai aur paryAyakA chhUTanA
so maraN hai. yah jIv mithyAdarshanAdikase paryAyako hI apanerUp anubhav karatA hai; isalie
jIvitavya rahane par apanA astitva mAnatA hai aur maraN hone par apanA abhAv honA mAnatA
hai. isI kAraNase ise sadAkAl maraNakA bhay rahatA hai, us bhayase sadA AkulatA rahatI
hai. jinako maraNakA kAraN jAne unase bahut DaratA hai, kadAchit unakA sanyog bane to
mahAvihval ho jAtA hai — isaprakAr mahA dukhI rahatA hai.
usakA upAy yah karatA hai ki maraNake kAraNonko dUr rakhatA hai athavA svayam unase
bhAgatA hai. tathA auShadhAdik sAdhan karatA hai; kilA, koT Adi banAtA hai — ityAdi upAy
karatA hai so ye upAy jhUThe hain; kyonki Ayu pUrNa hone par to anek upAy kare, anek
sahAyak hon tathApi maraN ho hI jAtA hai, ek samayamAtra bhI jIvit nahIn rahatA. aur
jab tak Ayu pUrNa na ho tab tak anek kAraN mile, sarvathA maraN nahIn hotA. isaliye
upAy karanese maraN miTatA nahIn hai; tathA AyukI sthiti pUrNa hotI hI hai, isalie maraN
bhI hotA hI hai. isakA upAy karanA jhUThA hI hai.
to sachchA upAy kyA hai? samyagdarshanAdikase paryAyamen ahambuddhi chhUT jAye, svayam
anAdinidhan chaitanyadravya hai usamen ahambuddhi Aye, paryAyako svAng samAn jAne; tab maraNakA
bhay nahIn rahatA. tathA samyagdarshanAdikase hI siddhapad prApta kare tab maraNakA abhAv hI hotA
hai. isaliye samyagdarshanAdik hI sachche upAy hain.
nAmakarmake udayase honevAlA dukh aur usase nivRutti
tathA nAmakarmake udayase gati, jAti, sharIrAdik utpanna hote hain. unamense jo puNyake
udayase hote hain ve to sukhake kAraN hote hain aur jo pApake udayase hote hain ve dukhake
kAraN hote hain; so yahAn sukh mAnanA bhram hai. tathA yah dukhake kAraN miTAnekA aur sukhake
kAraN honekA upAy karatA hai vah jhUThA hai; sachchA upAy samyagdarshanAdik hain. jaisA nirUpaN

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62 ] [ mokShamArgaprakAshak
vedanIyakA kathan karate hue kiyA vaisA yahAn bhI jAnanA. vedanIy aur nAmamen sukh-dukhake
kAraNapanekI samAnatAse nirUpaNakI samAnatA jAnanA.
gotrakarmake udayase honevAlA dukh aur usase nivRutti
tathA gotrakarmake udayase uchcha-nIch kulamen utpanna hotA hai. vahAn uchcha kulamen utpanna hone
par apaneko UnchA mAnatA hai aur nIch kulamen utpanna hone par apaneko nIchA mAnatA hai. vahAn,
kul palaTanekA upAy to isako bhAsit nahIn hotA, isaliye jaisA kul prApta kiyA usImen
apanApan mAnatA hai. parantu kul kI apekShA UnchA-nIchA mAnanA bhram hai. koI uchcha kulavAlA
nindya kArya kare to vah nIchA ho jAye aur nIch kulamen koI shlAghya kArya kare to vah UnchA
ho jAye. lobhAdikase uchcha kulavAle nIche kulavAlekI sevA karane lag jAte hain.
tathA kul kitane kAl rahatA hai? paryAy chhUTane par kulakI badalI ho jAtI hai; isaliye
uchcha-nIch kulase apaneko UnchA-nIchA mAnane par uchcha kulavAleko nIchA honeke bhayakA aur
nIch kulavAle ko prApta kiye hue nIchepanakA dukh hI hai.
isakA sachchA upAy yahI hai ki — samyagdarshanAdik dvArA uchcha-nIch kulamen harSha-viShAd
na mAne. tathA unhInse jisakI phi ra badalI nahIn hotI aisA sabase UnchA siddhapad prApta karatA
hai tab sab dukh miT jAte hain aur sukhI hotA hai.
is prakAr karmodayakI apekShA mithyAdarshanAdikake nimittase sansAramen dukh hI dukh pAyA
jAtA hai, usakA varNan kiyA.
(kha) paryAyakI apekShAse
paryAyonkI apekShAse ab, isI dukhakA varNan karate hain —
ekendriy jIvonke dukh
is sansAramen bahut kAl to ekendriy paryAyamen hI bItatA hai. isaliye anAdihIse
to nityanigodamen rahanA hotA hai; phi ra vahAnse nikalanA aisA hai jaisA bhADamen bhunjate hue chanekA
uchaT jAnA. is prakAr vahAnse nikalakar anya paryAy dhAraN kare to trasamen to bahut thoDe
hI kAl rahatA hai; ekendriyamen hI bahut kAl vyatIt karatA hai.
vahAn itaranigodamen bahut kAl rahanA hotA hai tathA kitane kAl tak pRithvI, ap,
tej, vAyu aur pratyek vanaspatimen rahanA hotA hai. nityanigodase nikalakar bAdamen trasamen rahanekA
utkRuShTa kAl to sAdhik do hajAr sAgar hI hai tathA ekendriyamen rahanekA utkRuShTa kAl asankhyAt