lakShaNabhUt to yah guN hain nahIn, avyAptapanese lakShaNAbhAs hai. tathA snigdhAdi pudgalaparamANumen
pAye jAte hain, so snigdha gurutva ityAdi to sparshan indriy dvArA jAne jAte hain, isaliye
sparshaguNamen garbhit hue, alag kisaliye kahe? tathA dravyatvaguN jalamen kahA, so aise to agni
Adimen UrdhvagamanatvAdi pAye jAte hain. yA to sarva kahanA the yA sAmAnyamen garbhit karanA
the. is prakAr yah guN kahe ve bhI kalpit hain.
nahIn hain, cheShTAen to bahut hI prakArakI hotI hain. tathA inako alag hI tattva sangnA kahI; so
yA to alag padArtha hon to unhen alag tattva kahanA thA, yA kAm-krodhAdi miTAnemen visheSh
prayojanabhUt hon to tattva kahanA thA; so donon hI nahIn hai. aur aise hI kah denA ho to
pAShANAdikakI anek avasthAen hotI hain so kahA karo, kuchh sAdhya nahIn hain.
nAm samavAy hai. yah sAmAnyAdik to bahutonko ek prakAr dvArA va ek vastumen bhed-kalpanA
dvArA va bhedakalpanA apekShA sambandha mAnanese apane vichAramen hI hote hain, koI alag padArtha
to hain nahIn. tathA inake jAnanese kAm-krodhAdi miTAnerUp visheSh prayojanakI bhI siddhi nahIn
hai, isaliye inako tattva kisaliye kahA? aur aise hI tattva kahanA the to prameyatvAdi vastuke
ananta dharma hain va sambandha, AdhArAdik kArakonke anek prakAr vastumen sambhavit hain, isaliye
yA to sarva kahanA the yA prayojan jAnakar kahanA the. isaliye yah sAmAnyAdik tattva bhI
vRuthA hI kahe hain.
tathA vaisheShik do hI pramAN mAnate hain