karate hai.n. tathA jis prakAr ve kahI.n mA.ns-madirA, shikAr AdikA niShedh karate hai.n, kahI.n uttam
puruSho.n dvArA unakA a.ngIkAr karanA batalAte hai.n; usI prakAr yah bhI unakA niShedh va a.ngIkAr
karanA batalAte hai.n. aise anek prakArase samAnatA pAyI jAtI hai. yadyapi nAmAdik aur hai.n;
tathApi prayojanabhUt arthakI ekatA pAyI jAtI hai.
pratyakShAdi pramANase viruddha nirUpaN karate hai.n.
is prakAr is kShetra-kAlame.n jin-jin mato.nkI prachur pravR^itti hai unakA mithyApanA pragaT
tathA rAjAdiko.nkA va vidyAvAno.nkA aise dharmame.n viShayakaShAyarUp prayojan siddha hotA hai. tathA jIv
to lokani.ndyapanAko bhI lA.Nghakar, pAp bhI jAnakar, jin kAryo.nko karanA chAhe un kAryo.nko karate
dharma batalAye.n to aise dharmame.n kaun nahI.n lagegA? isaliye in dharmo.nkI visheSh pravR^itti hai.
binA jhUTh nahI.n chalatA; parantu sarvake hit prayojaname.n viShayakaShAyakA hI poShaN kiyA hai.
jis prakAr gItAme.n upadesh dekar yuddha karanekA prayojan pragaT kiyA, vedAntame.n shuddha nirUpaN
karake svachChanda honekA prayojan dikhAyA; usI prakAr anya jAnanA. tathA yah kAl to
nikR^iShTa hai, so isame.n to nikR^iShTa dharmakI hI pravR^itti visheSh hotI hai.