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rahasyapUrNa chiThThI ][ 345
aisA lakShaN kahA hai – ‘‘spaShTapratibhAsAtmaka.n pratyakShamaspaShTa.n parokSha.n.’’
jo j~nAn apane viShayako nirmalatArUp spaShTatayA bhalIbhA.Nti jAne so pratyakSha aur jo
spaShTa bhalIbhA.Nti na jAne so parokSha. vahA.N matij~nAn-shrutaj~nAnake viShay to bahut hai.n, parantu ek
bhI j~neyako sampUrNa nahI.n jAn sakatA, isaliye parokSha kahe aur avadhi – manaHparyayaj~nAnake viShay
tho.De hai.n; tathApi apane viShayako spaShTa bhalIbhA.Nti jAnate hai.n, isaliye ekadesh pratyakSha hai.n aur
kevalaj~nAn sarva j~neyako Ap spaShTa jAnatA hai isaliye sarvapratyakSha hai.
tathA pratyakShake do bhed hai.nH – ek paramArtha pratyakSha, dUsarA sA.nvyavahArik pratyakSha. vahA.N
avadhi, manaHparyay aur kevalaj~nAn to spaShTa pratibhAsarUp hai.n hI, isaliye pAramArthik pratyakSha
hai.n. tathA netrAdikase varNAdikako jAnate hai.n vahA.N vyavahArase aisA kahate hai.n – ‘isane varNAdik
pratyakSha jAne’, ekadesh nirmalatA bhI pAI jAtI hai, isaliye inako sA.nvyavahArik pratyakSha kahate
hai.n; parantu yadi ek vastume.n anek mishra varNa hai.n ve netra dvArA bhalIbhA.Nti nahI.n grahaN kiye
jAte hai.n, isaliye isako paramArtha-pratyakSha nahI.n kahA jAtA hai.
tathA parokSha pramANake pA.nch bhed hai.nH – smR^iti, pratyabhij~nAn, tarka, anumAn, aur Agama.
vahA.N pUrva kAlame.n jo vastu jAnI thI use yAd karake jAnanA, use smR^iti kahate hai.n.
dR^iShTA.nt dvArA vastukA nishchay kiyA jAye use pratyabhij~nAn kahate hai.n. hetuke vichArayukta jo
j~nAn use tarka kahate hai.n. hetuse sAdhya vastukA jo j~nAn use anumAn kahate hai.n. Agamase
jo j~nAn ho use Agam kahate hai.n.
aise pratyakSha-parokSha pramANake bhed kahe hai.n.
vahA.N is svAnubhavadashAme.n jo AtmAko jAnA jAtA hai so shrutaj~nAn dvArA jAnA jAtA
hai. shrutaj~nAn hai vah matij~nAnapUrvak hI hai, ve matij~nAn-shrutaj~nAn parokSha kahe hai.n, isaliye yahA.N
AtmAkA jAnanA pratyakSha nahI.n hai. tathA avadhi-manaHparyayakA viShay rUpI padArtha hI hai aur
kevalaj~nAn Chadmasthake hai nahI.n, isaliye anubhavame.n avadhi-manaHparyay-keval dvArA AtmAkA jAnanA
nahI.n hai. tathA yahA.N AtmAko spaShTa bhalIbhA.Nti nahI.n jAnatA hai, isaliye pAramArthik pratyakShapanA
to sambhav nahI.n hai.
tathA jaise netrAdikase varNAdik jAnate hai.n vaise ekadesh nirmalatA sahit bhI AtmAke
asa.nkhyAt pradeshAdik nahI.n jAnate hai.n, isaliye sA.nvyavahArik pratyakShapanA bhI sa.nbhav nahI.n hai.
yahA.N par to Agam-anumAnAdik parokSha j~nAnase AtmAkA anubhav hotA hai. jainAgamame.n