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a. pa sUtra 31 ] [ 34p
rAgadoSh moh mRuShA madirA achaun hai।। 61।।
artha– shiShya kahe chhe- svAmI! rAgadveShapariNAmanun mUL prerak koN chhe te tame kaho. pudgalakarma ke indriyono bhog ke dhan ke gharanA mANaso ke makAn?
shrIguru samAdhAn kare chhe ke chhae dravyo potapotAnA svarUpamAn sadA asahAy pariName chhe. koI dravyanun koI dravya kadI paN prerak nathI. rAg-dveShanun kAraN mithyAtvarUpI madirAnun pAn chhe. ।। 30।।(samayasAr nATak. pA. 3pa1)
(1) je pahelAn samaye hoy te ja bIjA samaye hoy tene tadbhAv kahe chhe; te nitya hoy chhe. avyay = avinAshI.
(2) dravyanun svarUp ‘nitya’ chhe em A adhyAyanA chothA sUtramAn kahyun chhe. tenI vyAkhyA A sUtramAn ApI chhe.
(3) pratyabhignAnanA hetune tadbhAv kahe chhe. jem ke dravyane pahelA samayamAn dekhyA pachhI bIjA Adi samayomAn dekhavAthI “A te ja chhe ke jene pahelAn dIThun hatun” evun joDarUp gnAn chhe te dravyanun nityapaNun jaNAve chhe; parantu A nityatA kathanchit chhe, kem ke te sAmAnyasvarUpanI apekShAe hoy chhe. paryAyanI apekShAe dravya anitya chhe. e rIte A jagatamAn badhAn dravyo nityAnityarUp chhe. e pramANadraShTi chhe.
(4) AtmAmAn sarvathA nityatA mAnavAthI manuShya, narakAdirUp sansAr tathA sansArathI atyant chhUTavArUp mokSha banI shakashe nahi. sarvathA nityatA mAnavAthI sansArasvarUpanun varNan ane mokSha upAyanun kathan karavAmAn virodhatA Ave chhe; mATe sarvathA nitya mAnavun nyAyasar nathI. ।। 31।।
siddhi thAy chhe.
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346 ] [ mokShashAstra
(1) darek vastu anekAntasvarUp chhe, e siddhAnt A sUtramAn syAdvAd dvArA kahyo chhe. nityatA ane anityatA paraspar viruddha dharmo hovA chhatAn teo vastune nipajAvanArA chhe; tethI te darek dravyamAn hoy ja. tenun kathan mukhya-gauNapaNe thAy chhe, kem ke badhA dharmo ekI sAthe kahI shakAtA nathI. je vakhate je dharma siddha karavo hoy te vakhate tenI mukhyatA levAy chhe. te mukhyatA-pradhAnatA-ne ‘arpit’ kahevAmAn Ave chhe ane te vakhate je dharma gauN rAkhyA hoy tene ‘anarpit’ kahevAmAn Ave chhe. anarpit rAkhel dharma te vakhate kahevAmAn AvyA nathI topaN vastumAn te dharmo rahelA chhe em gnAnI jANe chhe.
(2) je vakhate dravyanI apekShAe dravyane nitya kahyun te ja vakhate te paryAyanI apekShAe anitya chhe. mAtra te vakhate ‘anityatA’ kahI nathI paN garbhit rAkhI chhe. tem ja jyAre paryAyanI apekShAe dravyane anitya kahyun te ja vakhate te dravyanI apekShAe nitya chhe, mAtra te vakhate ‘nityatA’ kahI nathI; kAraN ke banne dharmo ekI sAthe kahI shakAtA nathI.
(3) arpit ane anarpit kathanadvArA anekAntasvarUp
anekAntanI vyAkhyA A pramANe chhe-“ek vastumAn vastupaNAnI nipajAvanArI paraspar viruddha be shaktionun prakAshavun te anekAnta chhe.” jem ke je vastu sat chhe te ja asat chhe arthAt je asti chhe te ja nAsti chhe; je ek chhe te ja anek chhe; je nitya chhe te ja anitya chhe-vagere. (juo, samayasAr-gujarAtI pA. 488)
arpit ane anarpitanun svarUp samajavA mATe ahIn keTalAk draShTAntonI jarUr chhe te nIche ApavAmAn Ave chhe-
1. ‘jIv chetan chhe’ em kahetAn ‘jIv achetan nathI’ em temAn svayam garbhitapaNe AvI gayun. AmAn ‘jIv chetan chhe’ e kathanaarpit thayun ane ‘jIv achetan nathI’ e kathan anarpit thayun.
2. ‘ajIv jaD chhe’ em kahetAn ‘ajIv chetan nathI’ em temAn svayam garbhitapaNe AvI gayun. AmAn pahelun kathan arpit chhe ane temAn ‘ajIvachetan nathI’ e bhAv anarpitapaNe AvI gayo eTale ke kahyA vinA paN temAn garbhit chhe-em samajI levun.
3. ‘jIv potAnAn dravya-kShetra-kAL-bhAve sat chhe’ em kahetAn temAn kahyA vagar
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a. pa sUtra 32 ] [ 347 paN ‘jIv par dravya-kShetra-kAL-bhAve asat chhe’ em AvI gayun chhe. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
4. ‘jIv dravye ek chhe’ em kahetAn jIv guN ane paryAye anek chhe’ em temAn AvI gayun. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
pa. ‘jIv dravye-guNe nitya chhe’ em kahetA ‘jIv paryAye anitya chhe’ em AvI gayun. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ chhe ane bIjun ‘anarpit chhe.
em temAn avI gayun. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ chhe ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
7. ‘jIv potAnA dravya-guN-paryAyathI abhinna chhe’ em kahetAn ‘jIv par dravyo, tenA guNo ane paryAyothI bhinna chhe’ em temAn AvI gayun. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ chhe ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
8. ‘jIv potAnA paryAyano kartA thaI shake’ em kahetAn jIv par dravyanun kAI karI shake nahi’ eN temAn AvI gayun. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ chhe ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
9. ‘darek dravya potAnA paryAyanun bhoktA thaI shake’ em kahetAn ‘koI dravya paranun bhoktA na thaI shake’ em temAn AvI gayun. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ chhe, ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
10. ‘karmano vipAk karmamAn AvI shake’ em kahetAn ‘karmano vipAk jIvamAn AvI shake nahi’ em temAn AvI gayun. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ chhe ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
11. ‘samyagdarshan-gnAn-chAritranI ekatA te mokShamArga chhe’ em kahetA ‘puNya, pAp, Asrav, bandh te mokShamArga nathI’ em temAn AvI gayun. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ chhe ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
12. ‘sharIr par dravya chhe’ em kahetAn ‘jIv sharIranI koI kriyA karI shake nahi, tene halAvI-chalAvI shake nahi, tenI sambhAL rAkhI shake nahi ke tenun bIjun kAI karI shake nahi temaj sharIranI kriyAthI jIvane sukh-dukh thAy nahi’ em temAn AvI gayun, pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ chhe ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
13. ‘nimitta paradravya chhe’ em kahetAn ‘nimitta paradravyane kAI karI shake nahi, tene sudhArI ke bagADI shake nahi, mAtra te anukUL sanyogapaNe hoy’ em temAn AvI gayun. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ chhe ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
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348 ] [ mokShashAstra
14. ‘ghIno ghaDo’ em kahetAn ‘ghaDo ghI-may nathI paN mATImay chhe. ghaDo ghIno chhe e to mAtra vyavahArakathan chhe’ em temAn AvI gayun. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ chhe ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
1p. ‘mithyAtvakarmanA udayathI jIv mithyAdraShTi thAy chhe’ em kahetAn ‘jIv te vakhatanI potAnI UndhI shraddhAne lIdhe mithyAdraShTi thAy chhe, kharI rIte mithyAtvakarmanA udayanA kAraNe jIv mithyAdraShTi thato nathI; mithyAtvakarmanA udayathI jIv mithyAdraShTi thAy chhe-e to vyavahArakathan chhe, kharekhar jIv pote mithyAshraddhArUpe pariNamyo tyAre mithyAdarshanakarmanAn je rajakaNo te vakhate pakavarUp thayAn tenA upar nirjarAno Arop na AvatAn udayano Arop Avyo’ em temAn AvI gayun. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ chhe ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
16. ‘jIv jaDakarmanA udayathI agiyAramA guNasthAnakethI paDayo’ em kahetAn ‘jIv potAnA puruShArthanI nabaLAIthI paDayo, jaDakarma paradravya chhe tethI tenA udaye jIv paDe nahi. paN jIv potAnA puruShArthanI nabaLAIthI je vakhate paDayo te vakhate je jaDakarmo pakavarUp thayAn hatAn tenA upar “uday” no Arop Avyo’ em temAn AvI gayun. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ chhe ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
17. ‘jIv panchendriy chhe’ em kahetAn ‘jIv chetanamay chhe paN jaD indriyomay nathI; pAnch indriyo jaD chhe teno tene mAtra sanyog chhe’ em temAn AvI gayun. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ chhe ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
18. ‘nigodano jIv karmano uday mand thatAn Unche chaDe chhe’ em kahetAn ‘nigodano’ jIv pote potAnA puruShArtha vaDe mandakaShAy karatAn chaDe chhe, karma paradravya chhe tethI tenI avasthAnA kAraNe jIv chaDI shake nahi’ em temAn AvI gayun. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ chhe ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
19. ‘karmanA udayathI jIv asanyamI thAy chhe kAraN ke chAritramohanA uday vinA tenI anupapatti chhe’ em kahetAn ‘jIv potAnA chAritraguNanA vikArane TALato nathI tethI te asanyamI thAy chhe, te vakhate chAritramohanAn karmo joke nirjarI jAy chhe topaN te vikAranA nimitte navAn karma svayam bandhAy chhe tethI jUnAn chAritramohanAn karmo upar udayano Arop Ave chhe’ em temAn AvI gayun. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ chhe ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
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a. pa sUtra 32 ] [ 349
20. ‘karmanA udayathI jIv UrdhvalokamAn, adholokamAn ane tiryaklokamAn jAy chhe kAraN ke AnupUrvi nAmanA karmanA uday vinA tenI anupapatti chhe’ em kahetAn ‘jIvanI kriyAvatIshaktinI te vakhatanI tevI lAyakAt chhe tethI jIv UrdhvalokamAn, adholokamAn ane tiryaklokamAn jAy chhe, te vakhate tene anukUL AnupUrvi nAmakarmano uday sanyogapaNe hoy chhe. karma paradravya chhe, tethI te jIvane koI jagyAe laI jaI shake nahi’ em temAn AvI gayun. pahelun kathan ‘arpit’ chhe ane bIjun ‘anarpit’ chhe.
uparanA draShTAnto dhyAnamAn rAkhIne, shAstramAn koI paN kathan karyun hoy tenA nIche mujab artho karavA-
pratham shabdArtha karIne te kathan kayA naye karyun chhe te nakkI karavun. temAn je kathan je naye karyun hoy te kathan ‘arpit’ chhe em samajavun; ane siddhAnt anusAr, gauNapaNe bIjA je bhAv temAn garbhitapaNe AvI jAy chhe te bhAv joke tyAn shabdomAn kahyA nathI topaN te bhAv paN garbhitapaNe kahyA chhe em samajI levun; A ‘anarpit’ kathan chhe. A pramANe arpit ane anarpit banne paDakhAnne samajIne je jIv artha kare te ja jIvane pramAN ane nayanun satya gnAn thAy. jo banne paDakhAn yathArtha na samaje to tenun gnAn agnAnarUpe pariNamyun chhe tethI tenun gnAn apramAN ane kunayarUp chhe. pramANane anekAnt paN kahevAmAn Ave chhe.
anekAnt paN samyak ekAnt evA nijapadanI prApti karAvavA sivAy bIjA anya hetue upakArI nathI.
jagatanAn chhae dravyo atyant nikaT ekakShetrAvagAharUpe rahyAn chhe, te potapotAmAn antarmagna rahelA potAnA anant dharmonA chakrane chUmbe chhe-sparshe chhe topaN teo paraspar ekabIjAne sparsha karatA nathI. jo ek dravya bIjAne sparshe to te paradravyarUp thaI jAy ane pararUp thaI jAy to nIchenA doSho Ave-
doSh chhe. jIv anAdithI agnAnadashAmAn sharIrane, sharIranI kriyAne, dravya indriyone, bhAv indriyone
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3pa0 ] [ mokShashAstra tathA temanA viShayone potAthI ekarUp mAne chhe te gney-gnAyak sankar doSh chhe. A sUtramAn kahelA anekAntasvarUpane samajatAn-eTale ke jIv jIvarUpe chhe ane karmarUpe nathI tethI karma, indriyo, sharIr, jIvanI vikArI ane apUrNa dashA te gney chhe paN jIvanun svarUp (gnAn) nathI em samajI bhedavignAn pragaT kare tyAre-gney-gnAyak sankar doSh TaLe chhe, arthAt samyagdarshan pragaTatAn ja A doSh TaLe chhe.
jIv jeTalAn anshe rAg-dveSh sAthe joDAIne dukh bhogave chhe te bhAvya-bhAvak sankar doSh chhe; te doSh TaLavAnI sharUAt samyagdarshan pragaTatAn thAy chhe ane sarvathA kaShAyabhAv TaLatAn te sankaradoSh sarvathA TaLe chhe.
jo jIv jaDanun kAI kArya kare ke jaD karma agar sharIr jIvanun kAI bhalun-bhUnDun kare to jIv jaDarUpe thaI jAy ane jaD chetanarUp thaI jAy, tathA jo ek jIvane bIjA jIvo kAI bhalun-bhUnDun kare to ek jIv bIjA jIvarUp thaI jAy. A pramANe ekano viShay bIjAmAn chAlyo jAy tethI vyatikar doSh Ave –परस्पर विषयगमनं व्यतिकर।
jaDakarmo haLavAn thAy ane mArga Ape to jIvane dharma thAy ane jaDakarmo baLavAn hoy to jIv dharma karI shake nahi-em mAnavAmAn sankar ane vyatikar banne doSh Ave chhe.
jIv mokShano-dharmano puruShArtha na kare ane ashubhabhAvamAn rahe tyAre tene bhAre karmI jIv kahevAy chhe athavA to ‘tene karmano tIvra uday chhe tethI te dharma karato nathI’ em kahevAy chhe. te jIvanun lakSha sva upar nathI paN paravastu upar chhe eTalun batAvavA mATe te vyavahArakathan chhe. parantu jaDakarma jIvane nukasAn kare athavA to jIv jaDakarmano kShay kare em kharekhar mAnavAthI uparanA banne doSh Ave chhe.
jo jIv sharIranun kAI karI shake, tene halAvI-chalAvI shake ke bIjA jIvanun kAI karI shake to te banne dravyonun adhikaraN (svakShetrarUp AdhAr) ek thaI jAy ane tethI ‘adhikaraN’ doSh Ave.
jIv potAnI apekShAe sat chhe ane karma paravastu chhe tenI apekShAe jIv asat chhe, tathA karma tenI potAnI apekShAe sat chhe ane jIvanI apekShAe karma asat chhe. Am hovA chhatAn jIv karmane bAndhe-chhoDe-teno kShay kare tem ja jaD karma nabaLAn paDe to jIv dharma karI shake-em mAnavun temAn ‘parasparAshray’ doSh chhe. jIv,
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a. pa sUtra 32 ] [ 3pa1 karmo vagere badhAn dravyo svatantra chhe ane potapotAthI svatantrapaNe kArya kare chhe em mAnavAthI ‘paraspar Ashray’ doSh Avato nathI.
jIv potAnA vikArabhAvane jANI shake chhe chhatAn tene TALavAno prayatna kare nahi ane em mAne ke ‘karmano uday pAtaLo paDe ane mArga Ape to dharma thaI shake’ to te agnAn chhe. pote jaD karmane to dekhato nathI, tem ja tenA rasane ke udayane paN dekhato nathI. samaye samaye darek dravyanI avasthA potapotAnA kAraNe badalatI jAy chhe; tyAn, ‘jaD karma baLavAn hoy to jIv paDI jAy’ em je mAne tene paDI javAno bhay TaLe nahi ane tethI teno sanshay TaLe nahi. sanshay te samyaggnAnano doSh chhe, te TALyA sivAy jIv svatantra puruShArtha karI shake nahi ane puruShArtha vagar te jIvane kadI dharma ke samyagdarshan thAy nahi. A pramANe uparyukta mAnyatAmAn ‘sanshay’ doSh Ave chhe, te TALavo joIe.
jIv potAnAn pariNAmano ja kartA chhe ane potAnun pariNAm tenun karma chhe. sarva dravyone anya dravya sAthe utpAdya-utpAdak bhAvano abhAv chhe, tethI jIvane ajIvanI sAthe kArya-kAraNapaNun siddha thatun nathI. jo ek dravya bIjAnun kArya kare, bIjun dravya trIjAnun kArya kare-em paramparA kahIe to anant dravyo chhe temAnthI kayun dravya kayA dravyanun kArya kare teno koI niyam rahe nahi ane tethI ‘anavasthA’ doSh Ave. parantu jo darek dravya potAnun ja kArya kare ane paranun kArya na karI shake evo niyam svIkArIe to vastunI yathArtha vyavasthA jaLavAI rahe chhe. ane temAn kAI anavasthA doSh Avato nathI.
darek dravyanun dravyapaNun-kShetrapaNun-kALapaNun (-paryAyapaNun) ane bhAvapaNun (- guNo) je prakAre chhe te prakAre tenun yathArtha gnAn karavun joIe. jIv shun karI shake ane shun na karI shake, tem ja jaD dravyo shun karI shake ane shun na karI shake-tenun gnAn na karavun ane tattvagnAn karavAnI nA pADavI te ‘apratipatti’ doSh chhe.
ek dravya pote potAthI sat chhe ane te dravya parathI paN sat chhe em jo mAnIe to ‘virodh’ doSh Ave chhe. kem ke jIv potAnun kArya kare ane paradravyanun- karma tem ja par jIvo vagerenun paN kArya kare-em hoy to virodh doSh lAgu paDe chhe.
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3pa2 ] [ mokShashAstra
jo ek dravya bIjA dravyanun kArya kare to te dravyano nAsh thAy ane ek dravyano nAsh thAy to krame krame sarva dravyono nAsh thAy, e pramANe temAn ‘abhAv’ doSh Ave chhe.
A badhA doSho TALIne vastunun anekAntasvarUp samajavA mATe AchAryabhagavAne A sUtra jaNAvyun chhe.
gnAn samajAvavA tathA tenun kathan karavA mATe koI vakhate upAdAnane mukhya kahevAmAn Ave chhe ane koI vakhate nimittane, koI vakhate dravyane mukhya kahevAmAn Ave chhe ane koI vakhate paryAyane, koI vakhate nishchayane mukhya kahevAmAn Ave chhe ane koI vakhate vyavahArane. A pramANe jyAre koI ek paDakhAne mukhya karIne kahevAmAn Ave tyAre bIjA gauN rahetA paDakhAnun yathAyogya gnAn karI levun joIe. A mukhya-gauNatA gnAnaapekShAe samajavI.
-parantu samyagdarshananI apekShAe hammeshA dravyadraShTine pradhAn karIne upadesh ApavAmAn Ave chhe. dravyadraShTinI pradhAnatAmAn kadI paN vyavahAranI mukhyatA thatI nathI; tyAn paryAyadraShTinA bhedane gauN karIne tene vyavahAr kahyo chhe. bhedadraShTimAn rokAtAn nirvikalpa dashA thatI nathI ane sarAgIne vikalpa rahyA kare chhe; mATe jyAn sudhI rAgAdik maTe nahi tyAnsudhI bhedane gauN karI abhedarUp nirvikalpa anubhav karAvavAmAn Ave chhe. darshananI apekShAe vyavahAr, paryAy ke bhed hammeshAn gauN rAkhavAmAn Ave chhe; tene kadI mukhya karavAmAn AvatA nathI. ।। 32।।
vagere paramANuono bandh thAy chhe.
(1) pudgalamAn anek guNo chhe paN temAnthI sparsha guN sivAy bIjA guNonA paryAyothI bandh thato nathI, temaj sparshanA ATh paryAyamAnthI paN snigdha ane rukSha nAmanA paryAyonA kAraNe ja bandh thAy chhe ane bIjA chha prakAranA paryAyothI bandh thato nathI
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a. pa sUtra 34 ] [ 3pa3 em ahIn jaNAvyun chhe. snigdha ane rukSha avasthA kevA prakAranI hoy tyAre bandh thAy te 36 mA sUtramAn kaheshe ane kayA prakAre hoy tyAre bandh na thAy te 34-3p mA sUtramAn kaheshe. bandh thatAn kevI jAtanun pariNaman thAy te sUtra 37 mAn kaheshe.
(2) bandh-anek padArthomAn ekapaNAnun gnAn karAvavALA sambandh visheShane bandh kahe chhe.
(3) bandh traN prakAranA thAy-1. pudgalono-sparshaguNanA kAraNe, 2. jIvano-potAnA rAgAdi bhAv sAthe, 3. jIv-pudgalono-anyonya avagAhanA kAraNe. (juo, pravachanasAr gAthA-177) temAnthI pudgalono bandh A sUtramAn jaNAvyo chhe.
chhe. ek, be, traN, chAr, pAnch, chha vagere tathA sankhyAt, asankhyAt ke anant snigdha guNarUpe tathA rukSha guNarUpe ek paramANu pariName chhe.
nathI.
(1) ‘guN’nI vyAkhyA sUtra 33 nI TIkAmAn ApI chhe. ‘jaghanya guNasahit paramANu’ eTale ke je paramANumAn snigdhatA ke rukShatAno ek avibhAgI ansh hoy tene jaghanya guNasahit paramANu kahe chhe. jaghanya guN eTale ek guN samajavo.
(2) param chaitanyabhAvamAn pariNati rAkhavAvALAne paramAtmasvarUpanI bhAvanArUp dharmadhyAn ane shukladhyAnanA baLathI jyAre jaghanya chIkaNAIne sthAne rAg kShIN thai jAy chhe, tathA jaghanya rukShatAne sthAne dveSh kShIN thaI jAy chhe tyAre, jem jaL ane retIno bandh thato nathI tem, jaghanya snigdha ke rukSha shaktidhArI paramANuno paN koInI sAthe bandh thato nathI. (pravachanasAr-adhyAy 2. gAthA 72, shrI jayasen AchAryanI sanskRit TIkA, hindI pustak pA. 227) jaL ane retInA draShTAnte jem jIvonA rAgadveSh _________________________________________________________________
‘snigdha-rukShapaNAnI shaktinun mAp karavAnun sAdhan’ em samajve.
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3pa4 ] [ mokShashAstra paramAnandamay svasamvedan guNanA baLathI hIyamAn thaI jAy chhe ane karmanI sAthe bandh thato nathI tem je paramANumAn jaghanya chIkAsh ke rukShatA hoy chhe tene koIthI bandh thato nathI (hindI pravachanasAr-gAthA 73, pA. 228.)
(3) shrI pravachanasAr-adhyAy 2, gAthA 71 thI 76 sudhI tathA gommaTasAr jIvakAnD gAthA 614 tathA te nIchenI TIkA mAn pudgalomAn bandh kyAre na thAy ane kyAre thAy te jaNAvyun chhe, mATe te vAnchavun.
(1) dravyamAn potA sAthe ekapaNun te bandhanun kAraN thatun nathI, paN potAmAn dvait-bepaNun thAy tyAre bandh thAy chhe. AtmA ek-bhAvasvarUp chhe, parantu moh-rAg- dveSharUp pariNamanathI dvaitabhAvarUp thAy chhe ane tethI bandh thAy chhe. (juo, gujarAtI pravachanasAr gAthA 17panI TIkA.) AtmA tenA trikALI svarUpe shuddha chaitanyamAtra chhe. paryAy (vartamAn avasthA) mAn jo te trikALI shuddha chaitanya pratye lakSha Ape to dvaitapaNun thatun nathI, tethI bandh thato nathI-eTale ke moh-rAg-dveShamAn aTakato nathI. AtmA moh-rAg-dveShamAn aTake te ja kharo bandh chhe. agnAnatApUrvakanA rAgadveSh te ja kharekhar snigdha ane rukShapaNAnA sthAne hovAthI bandh chhe. (juo, gujarAtI pravachanasAr gAthA 176 nI TIkA.) e pramANe AtmAmAn bepaNun thAy tyAre bandh thAy chhe ane tenun nimitta pAmIne dravyabandh thAy chhe.
(2) A siddhAnt pudgalamAn lAgu paDe chhe. jo pudgal potAnA sparshamAn ek guNarUpe pariName to tene potAmAn ja bandhanI shakti (bhAvabandh) pragaT nahi hovAthI bIjA pudgal sAthe bandh thato nathI. paN jo te pudgalanA sparshamAn beguNapaNun Ave to bandhanI shakti (bhAvabandhashakti) hovAthI bIjA chAr guN sparshavALA sAthe bandhAy chhe; A dravyabandh chhe. bandh thavAmAn bepaNun-dvait eTalo bhed hameshAn rahevo ja joIe.
(3) draShTAnt- dashamA guNasthAne sUkShmasAmparAy chhe-jaghanya lobh-kaShAy chhe to paN mohakarmano bandh thato nathI. sanjvalan krodh, mAn, mAyA ane lobh tathA puruShaved je navamA guNasthAne bandhAto hato tenI tyAn vyuchchhitti thaI-eTale ke teno bandh tyAn aTakyo. (juo, adhyAy 6, sUtra 14 nI TIkA)
draShTAnt uparathI siddhAnt- (1) jIvano jaghanya lobhakaShAy vikAr chhe paN te jaghanya hovAthI kArmANavargaNAne lobharUpe pariNamavAmAn nimittakAraN thayun nahi. (2) te samaye sanjvalan lobhakarmanI prakRiti udayarUp hovA chhatAn tenI jaghanyatA navA
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a. pa sUtra 3p-36 ] [ 3pap moh karmanA bandhanun nimittakAraN thatun nathI, (3) jo jaghanya vikAr karmabandhanun kAraN thAy to koI jIv abandh thaI shake nahi. ।। 34।।
samAnajAtivALA paramANunI sAthe bandh thato nathI. jem ke-be guNavALA snigdha paramANuno bIjA be guNavALA snigdha paramANu sAthe bandh thato nathI athavA tevA snigdha paramANuno teTalA ja guNavALA rukSha paramANu sAthe bandh thato nathI. ‘न - (bandh thato nathI)’ e shabda A sUtramAn kahyo nathI parantu uparanA sUtramAn kahel ‘न’ shabda A sUtramAn paN lAgu paDe chhe.
samAnajAtivALA tathA bhinnajAtivALA pudgalono bandh thAy chhe.
(2) be ke vadhAre guN snigdhatA tem ja be ke vadhAre guN rukShatA samAnapaNe hoy tyAre bandh thato nathI, em batAvavA mATe ‘गुणसाम्ये’ pad A sUtramAn lIdhun chhe. ।। 3p।। (juo, sarvArthasiddhi, sanskRit-hindI, adhyAy pa. pAnun-123.)
तु] guNavALA sAthe ja bandh thAy chhe.
jyAre ek paramANuthI bIjA paramANumAn be adhik guN hoy tyAre ja bandh thAy chhe. jem ke be guNavALA paramANuno bandh chAr guNavALA paramANu sAthe thAy; traN guNavALA paramANuno pAnch guNavALA paramANu sAthe bandh thAy; parantu tenAthI adhik ke ochhA guNavALA paramANu sAthe bandh thAy nahi. A bandh snigdhano snigdha sAthe, rukShano rukSha sAthe, snigdhano rukSha sAthe tathA rukShano snigdha sAthe paN thAy chhe. ।। 36।।
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3pa6 ] [ mokShashAstra be guN adhikanI sAthe maLatAn navI avasthA kevI thAy chhe?
paramANuo jeTalA guNarUpe [पारिणामिकौ] ochhA guNavALA paramANuonun pariNaman thAy chhe.
alpaguNadhArak je paramANuo hoy te jyAre adhikaguNadhArak paramANuo sAthe bandh avasthA pAme tyAre te alpaguNadhArak paramANuo potAnI pUrva avasthAne chhoDIne bIjI avasthA pragaT kare chhe ane ek skandh thaI jAy chhe eTale ke adhikaguNadhArak paramANunI jAtano ane teTalA guNavALo skandh thAy chhe. ।। 37।।
(1) guN-1. dravyanA anek paryAy palaTavA chhatAn paN je dravyanI kadI pRuthak na thAy, nirantar dravyanI sAthe sahabhAvI rahe te guN kahevAy; 2. dravyanA pUrA bhAgamAn tathA tenI badhI hAlatamAn je rahe tene guN kahe chhe. (jainasiddhAnt praveshikA prashna 113). 3. dravyamAn shaktinI apekShAe je bhed karavAmAn Ave te guN shabdono artha chhe. (tattvArthasAr-a. 3. gAthA 9, pA. 131). guNanI vyAkhyA sUtrakAr sUtra 41 mAn Apashe.
(2) paryAy-1. kramathI thatI vastunI-guNanI avasthAne paryAy kahe chhe; 2. guNanA vikArane (visheSh kAryane) paryAy kahe chhe. (jain siddhAnt praveshikA prashna 148.) 3. dravyamAn je vikriyA thAy-athavA je avasthA badale te paryAy kahevAy. (juo, tattvArthasAr a. 3. gAthA 9. pA. 131)
paryAyanI vyAkhyA sUtrakAr 42 mA sUtramAn Apashe. (3) AgaL sUtra 29-30 mAn kahevAmAn AvelA lakShaNathI A lakShaN judun nathI,
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a. pa sUtra 38-39 ] [ 3pa7 shabdabhed chhe, parantu bhAvabhed nathI. paryAyathI utpAd-vyayathI ane guNathI dhrauvyanI pratIti thaI jAy chhe.
(4) guNane anvay, sahavartI paryAy ke akramavartI paryAy paN kahevAy chhe tathA paryAyane vyatirekI athavA kramavartI kahevAy chhe. dravyano svabhAv guN-paryAyarUp chhe, em sUtramAn kahIne dravyanun anekAntapaNun siddha karyun.
(pa) dravya, guN ane paryAy vastupaNe abhed-abhinna chhe. nAm, sankhyA, lakShaN ane prayojananI apekShAe dravya, guN ane paryAyamAn bhed chhe, parantu pradeshathI abhed chhe, em vastunun bhedAbhedasvarUp samajavun.
(7) je guN vaDe ‘ek dravya bIjA dravyathI dravyAntar chhe’ em jaNAy tene visheShaguN kahe chhe. te vaDe te dravyanun vidhAn karavAmAn Ave chhe. jo em na hoy to dravyonI sankaratA-ekatAne prasang Ave ane ek dravya palaTIne bIjun thaI jAy to vyatikaradoShano prasang Ave. mATe e doSho rahit vastunun svarUp jem chhe tem samajavun. ।। 38।।
(2) kAL utpAd-vyay-dhruv tem ja guN-paryAy sahit chhe mATe te dravya chhe. (3) kALadravyonI sankhyA asankhyAt chhe. teo ratnonA rAshinI mAphak ekabIjAthI pRuthak lokAkAshanA samasta pradesho par sthit chhe. te darek kAlANu jaD, ekapradeshI ane amUrtik chhe. tenAmAn sparsha guN nathI tethI ek bIjAnI sAthe maLIne skandharUp thatA nathI. kALamAn mukhyapaNe ke upachArapaNe pradeshamUhanI kalpanA thaI shakatI nathI. tethI tene akAyapaNun chhe. te niShkriy chhe eTale ke ek pradeshathI bIjA pradeshe jatun nathI.
(4) mukhya kALanun lakShaN vartanA sUtra 22 mAn kahyun. vyavahArakALanun lakShaN te ja sUtramAn pariNAm, kriyA, paratva ane aparatva kahyun. e vyavahArakALanA anant samayo chhe em have pachhInA sUtramAn kahe chhe. ।। 39।।
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3pa8 ] [ mokShashAstra
paryAy te samay chhe. jo ke vartamAnakAL ek samayamAtra ja chhe, topaN bhUt- bhaviShyanI apekShAthI tenA anant samayo chhe.
(1) samay-mandagatithI gaman karanAr ek pudgal paramANune AkAshanA ek pradeshathI bIjA pradesh par jatAn jeTalo vakhat lAge te ek samay chhe. te kALano paryAy hovAthI vyavahAr chhe. samayonA samUhathI ja Avali, ghaDI, kalAk Adi vyavahArakAL chhe. vyavahArakAL nishchayakALano paryAy chhe.
nishchayakALadravya-lokAkAshanA pratyek pradesh upar ratnonA rAshinI mAphak kALANu sthit hovAnun sUtra 39 nI TIkAmAn kahyun chhe; te darek nishchayakALadravya chhe. tenun lakShaN vartanA chhe; te sUtra 22 mAn kahevAmAn Avyun chhe.
(2) ek samaye anant padArthonI pariNati-je anant prakAranI chhe; tene ek kAlANuno paryAy nimitta hoy chhe, te apekShAe ek kAlANune upachArathI ‘anant’ kahevAmAn Ave chhe.
(3) samay te nAnAmAn nAno vakhat chhe tethI tenA vibhAg paDI shakatA nathI. ।। 40।।
A pramANe chha dravyonun varNan pUrun thayun. have be sUtro dvArA guNanun ane paryAyanun lakShaN jaNAvIne A adhikAr pUro thashe.
guNothI rahit hoy [गुणाः] te guNo chhe.
(1) gnAnaguN jIvadravyane Ashraye rahe chhe, tathA gnAnamAn koI bIjo guN raheto nathI. jo temAn guN rahe to te guN maTIne guNI (-dravya) thaI jAy, paN tem bane nahi. ‘आश्रयाः’ shabda bhedAbhed banne sUchave chhe.
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a. pa sUtra 42 ] [ 3pa9
(2) prashna– paryAy paN dravyane Ashraye chhe ane guN rahit chhe mATe paryAyamAn paN guNapaNun AvI jashe, ane tethI A sUtramAn kahelA lakShaNane ativyApti doSh lAgashe?
uttara– ‘dravyAshrayA’ pad hovAthI nitya dravyano Ashray karI varte chhe tenI vAt chhe; te guN chhe, paryAy nathI. tethI ‘dravyAshrayA’ padathI paryAy temAn Avato nathI. paryAy ek ja samayavartI chhe.
darek guN potapotAnA dravyane Ashraye rahe chhe tethI ek dravyano guN bIjA dravyane kAI karI shake nahi, tem ja bIjA dravyane preraNA, asar ke sahAy karI shake nahi. paradravya nimittapaNe hoy chhe paN ek dravya paradravyamAn akinchitkar chhe (samayasAr gAthA 267 nI TIkA. gujarAtI pA. 328). preraNA, sahAy, madad, upakAr vagere shabdo nimittane uddeshIne vAparavAmAn Ave chhe, paN te upachAramAtra chhe eTale ke nimittanun gnAnamAtra karAvavA mATe chhe. ।। 41।।
te pariNAm chhe.
(1) dravya je svarUpe hoy chhe tathA je svarUpe pariName chhe te tadbhAv pariNAm chhe.
(2) prashna– guN ane dravya sarvathA bhinna chhe, em koI kahe chhe te kharun chhe? uttara– nA; guN ane dravya kathanchit bhinna chhe, kathanchit abhinna chhe eTale ke bhinnAbhinna chhe. sangnA-sankhyA-lakShaN-viShayAdi bhedathI bhinna chhe, vastupaNe- pradeshapaNe abhinna chhe, kem ke guN dravyano ja pariNAm chhe.
(3) badhAn dravyone anAdi ane AdimAn pariNAm hoy chhe. pravAharUpe anAdi pariNAm chhe; paryAy Upaje-viNase chhe mATe te Adi sahit chhe. dharma, adharma, AkAsh ane kAL e chAr dravyanA anAdi tathA AdimAn pariNAm Agamagamya chhe tathA jIv ane pudgalanA anAdi pariNAm Agamagamya chhe paN tenA AdimAn pariNAm kathanchit pratyakSha paN chhe.
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360 ] [ mokShashAstra
(4) guNane sahavartIparyAy athavA akramavartIparyAy kahevAmAn Ave chhe ane paryAyane kramavartIparyAy kahevAmAn Ave chhe.
dravya, guN ne paryAy-em vastunA traN bhed kahyA chhe, parantu nay to dravyArthik ane paryAyArthik em be ja kahyA chhe, trIjo ‘guNArthik’ nay kahyo nathI, tenun shun kAraN chhe? tem ja guNo kayA nayanA viShayamAn Ave chhe? teno khulAso pUrve adhyAy 1 sUtra 6 nI TIkA pA. 31-32 mAn Apyo chhe.
paryAyArthikanayane bhAvArthikanay paN kahevAmAn Ave chhe. (juo, shrImad rAjachandra kRut mokShamALA pATh-91)
sUtra 41 mAn je siddhAnt kahyo chhe te ja pramANe te ahIn paN lAgu paDe chhe eTale ke darek dravya potAnA bhAve pariName chhe, paranA bhAve pariNamatun nathI; tethI em siddha thayun ke darek dravya potAnun kAm karI shake paN paranun kAI karI shake nahi.।। 42।।
A pAnchamA adhyAyamAn ajIvatattvanun mukhyapaNe kathan chhe. ajIvatattvanun kathan karatAn, teno jIvatattva sAthe sambandh batAvavAnI jarUr jaNAtAn jIvanun svarUp paN ahIn jaNAvavAmAn Avyun chhe. vaLI chhae dravyonun sAmAnyasvarUp jIv ane ajIvane lAgu paDatun hovAthI te paN kahyun chhe. e rIte A adhyAyamAn nIchenA viShayo AvyA chhe.
(1) chhae dravyone ekasarakhI rIte lAgu paDatA niyamonun svarUp, (2) dravyonI sankhyA ane tenAn nAmo, (3) jIvanun svarUp (4) ajIvanun svarUp, (pa) syAdvAd siddhAnt ane (6) astikAy.
1. dravyanun lakShaN astitva-hovApaNun (sat) chhe. (sUtra 29) 2. hovApaNAnun (-satnun) lakShaN traNe kAL TakIne darek samaye jUnI avasthA TALI navI avasthA utpanna karavI te chhe (sUtra 30). 3. dravya potAnA guN ane avasthAvALun hoy chhe, guN dravyane Ashraye rahe chhe ane guNamAn guN hotA nathI. te potAnA je bhAv chhe te bhAve pariName chhe. (sU. 38, 42). 4. dravyanA potAnA bhAvano nAsh thato nathI mATe nitya chhe ane te pariName chhe mATe anitya chhe. (sUtra 31, 42)
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a. pa upasanhAr ] [ 361 3. ek dharmAstikAy, 4. adharmAstikAy, pa. ek AkAsh (sUtra 1), 6. kAL, (sUtra 22, 39).
1. jIvo anek chhe (sUtra 3), darek jIvanA asankhyAt pradesho chhe (sUtra 8), te lokAkAshamAn ja rahe chhe (sUtra 12), jIvanA pradesho sankoch-vistAr pAme chhe, tethI lokanA asankhyAtamA bhAgathI laIne AkhA lokane avagAhe chhe. (sUtra pa, 1p), lokAkAshanA jeTalA pradesho chhe teTalA ja jIvanA pradesho chhe. ek jIvanA, dharmadravyanA ane adharmadravyanA pradeshonI sankhyA sarakhI chhe (sUtra 8); parantu jIvanA avagAh ane dharmadravya tathA adharmadravyanA avagAhamAn pher chhe. dharma-adharma dravya AkhA lokAkAshane avagAhe chhe jyAre jIvanA pradesho sankoch-vistAr pAme chhe. (sUtra 13, 16).
2. jIvane vikArI avasthAmAn, sukh-dukh tathA jIvan-maraNamAn pudgal dravyo nimitta chhe; jIv dravyo paN paraspar te kAryomAn nimitta thAy chhe. sansArI jIvone sanyogarUpe kArmaNAdi sharIr, vachan, man ane shvAsochchhvAs hoy chhe (sUtra 19, 20, 21).
3. jIv kriyAvAn chhe, tenI kriyAvatI shaktino paryAy koIvAr gatirUp ane koI vAr sthitirUp thAy chhe; jyAre gatirUp hoy tyAre dharmadravya ane jyAre sthitirUp hoy tyAre adharmadravya nimitta chhe (sUtra-17).
4. jIvane pariNamanamAn kAL dravya nimitta chhe (sUtra 22), ane avagAhanamAn AkAsh nimitta chhe (sUtra 18).
pa. jIv dravye nitya chhe, tenI sankhyA ek sarakhI rahenArI chhe ane te arUpI chhe (sUtra 4).
noTa- chhae dravyonun je svarUp upar nan. (1) mAn chAr bolathI jaNAvyun chhe te ja svarUp darek jIv dravyane paN lAgu paDe chhe. jIvanun lakShaN upayog chhe em jIvane lagatA adhikAramAn adhyAy 2. sUtra 8 mAn kahevAI gayun chhe.
gnAn rahit evA ajIv dravyo pAnch chhe-1. ek dharma, 2. ek adharma 3. ek AkAsh, 4. anek pudgalo tathA pa. asankhyAt kALANun (sUtra 1, 39). have pAnch peTA vibhAg dvArA te pAnch dravyanun svarUp kahevAy chhe.
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362 ] [ mokShashAstra
dharmadravya ek, ajIv, bahupradeshI chhe (sUtra 1, 2, 6). te nitya, avasthit arUpI ane halanachalan rahit chhe (sUtra 4, 7). tenA lokAkAsh jeTalA asankhya pradesho chhe ane te AkhA lokAkAshamAn vyApak chhe. (sUtra 8, 13). te pote halanachalan karatA jIv tathA pudgalone gatimAn nimitta chhe (sUtra 17). tene avagAhanamAn AkAsh nimitta chhe ane pariNamanamAn kAL nimitta chhe (sUtra 18, 22) arUpI (sUkShma) hovAthI dharma ane adharmadravyo lokAkAshamAn ekasarakhI rIte (ekabIjAne vyAghAt pahonchADayA vinA) vyApI rahyAn chhe. (sUtra 13).
upar kahelI badhI bAbato adharmadravyane paN lAgu paDe chhe. visheShatA eTalI ja ke dharmadravya jIv-pudgalone gatimAn nimitta chhe tyAre adharma jIv-pudgalone sthitimAn nimitta chhe.
AkAshadravya ek, ajIv, anantapradeshI chhe (sUtra 1, 2, 6, 9). nitya, avasthit, arUpI ane halanachalan rahit chhe (sUtra 4, 7). bIjA pAnchey dravyone avagAhan ApavAmAn nimitta chhe (sUtra 18). tene pariNamanamAn kALadravya nimitta chhe (sU. 22).
kALadravya darek aNurUp, arUpI, astipaNe paN kAy rahit, nitya ane avasthit ajIv padArtha chhe. (sUtra 2, 39, 4). te badhAn dravyone pariNamanamAn nimitta chhe (sUtra 22). kALadravyane avagAhanamAn AkAshadravya nimitta chhe. (sUtra 18). ek AkAshapradeshe rahelAn anant dravyone pariNamanamAn ek kAlANu nimitta thAy chhe te kAraNe upachArathI tene anant samay kahevAmAn Ave chhe, tathA bhUt- bhaviShyanI apekShAe anant chhe. kALanA ek paryAyane samay kahe chhe (sUtra 40).
1. A pudgal dravyo anantAnant chhe. te darek ek pradeshI chhe. (sUtra 1, 2, 10, 11,) temAn sparsha, ras, gandh, varNa Adi visheSh guNo hovAthI te rUpI chhe (sUtra 23, pa.) te visheSh guNomAnthI sparsha guNanI snigdha ke rukShanI amuk prakAranI
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a. pa upasanhAr ] [ 363 avasthA thAy tyAre bandh thAy chhe (sUtra 33). bandh prApta pudgalone skandh kahevAmAn Ave chhe. temAnthI jIvane sanyogarUp thatA skandho sharIr, vachan, man ane shvAsochchhvAsapaNe pariName chhe (sUtra 2p, 19). keTalAk skandho jIvane sukh, dukh, jIvan ane maraNamAn nimitta thAy chhe. (sUtra 20).
2. skandharUpe pariNamelA paramANuo sankhyAt, asankhyAt, anant hoy chhe. tathA bandhanI vishiShTatA evI chhe ke ek pradeshamAn anek rahe chhe, anek skandho sankhyAtapradeshone ane anek skandho asankhyAt pradeshone roke chhe temaj ek mahAskandh lokapramAN asankhyAt AkAshanA pradeshone roke chhe (sUtra 10, 14, 12.)
3. je pudgalanI snigdhatA ke rukShatA jaghanyapaNe hoy te bandhane pAtra nathI. tem ja ek sarakhA guNavALA pudgalono bandh thato nathI (sUtra 34-3p). jaghanya guN chhoDIne be ansh ja adhik hoy tyAn (pachhI ekI guN hoy ke bekI guN hoy) snigdhano snigdha sAthe, rukShano rukSha sAthe tathA snigdha rukShano paraspar bandh thAy chhe ane jenA guNo adhik hoy te-rUpe Akho skandh thAy chhe (sUtra 36, 37). skandhanI utpatti paramANuonA bhed (chhUTA paDavAthI), sanghAt (maLavAthI) athavA ekI vakhate banne rUpe (bhed-sanghAt) thavAthI thAy chhe (sUtra 26), ane aNunI utpatti bhedathI thAy chhe (sUtra 27). bhed-sanghAt bannethI maLI utpanna thayel skandh chakShuindriyagamya hoy chhe. (sUtra 28).
4. shabda, bandh, sUkShma, sthUL, sansthAn, bhed, tam, chhAyA, Atap ane udyot -e badhA pudgalanA paryAyo (avasthA) chhe.
pa. pudgal dravyane halanachalanamAn dharmadravya ane sthitimAn adharmadravya nimitta chhe (sUtra 17), avagAhanamAn AkAshadravya nimitta chhe ane pariNamanamAn kALadravya nimitta chhe (sUtra 18, 22).
6. pudgal skandhone sharIr, vachan, man ane shvAsochchhvAsarUpe pariNamavAmAn jIv nimitta chhe (sUtra 19); bandharUp thavAmAn paraspar nimitta chhe (sUtra 33).
nondh- snigdhatA ane rukShatAnA anant avibhAgapratichchhed thAy chhe. temAnA ek avibhAgI anshane ‘guN’ kahe chhe, em ahIn ‘guN’ shabdano artha chhe.
darek dravya guN-paryAyAtmak chhe; utpAd-vyay-dhrauvya yukta chhe; saptabhangasvarUp chhe. e rIte dravyamAn trikALI akhanD svarUp ane darek samaye vartatI avasthA-em be
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364 ] [ mokShashAstra paDakhAn paDe chhe. vaLI pote potAthI astirUp chhe. ane parathI nAstirUp chhe. tethI dravya, guN ane paryAy badhun *anekAntAtmak (-anek dharmarUpe) chhe. apUrNa manuShya koI paN padArthano vichAr karatAn AkhA padArthane ekI sAthe vichAramAn laI shake nahi; parantu vichAravAmAn AvatA padArthano ek paDakhAno vichAr karI shake ane pachhI bIjA paDakhAno vichAr karI shake; em tenA vichAramAn ane kathanamAn kram paDayA vinA rahe nahi. tethI je vakhate trikALI dhruv paDakhAno vichAr kare tyAre bIjun paDakhun vichAr mATe mulatavI rahe. tethI jeno vichAr karavAmAn Ave tene mukhya ane vichAramAn je bAkI rahyun tene gauN karavAmAn Ave. A prakAre vastunA anekAntasvarUpano nirNay karavAmAn kram paDe chhe. e anekAnt svarUpanun kathan karavA mATe tathA te samajavA mATe upar kahelI paddhati grahaN karavI tenun nAm ‘syAdvAd’ chhe; ane te A adhyAyanA 32 mA sUtramAn ApI chhe. je vakhate je paDakhAne (arthAt dharmane) gnAnamAn levAmAn Ave tene ‘arpit’ kahevAy chhe, ane te ja vakhate je paDakhAn arthAt dharmo gnAnamAn gauN rahyA hoy tene ‘anarpit’ kahevAy chhe. e rIte AkhA svarUpanI siddhi-prApti-sAbitI-gnAn thaI shake chhe. te AkhA padArthanA gnAnane pramAN ane ek paDakhAnA gnAnane nay kahe chhe ane ‘syAt asti-nAsti’ nA bhedo dvArA te ja padArthanA gnAnane ‘saptabhangI’ svarUp kahevAmAn Ave chhe.
chha dravyomAnthI jIv, dharma, adharma AkAsh ane pudgal e pAnch astikAy chhe (sUtra 1, 2, 3); ane kAL asti chhe (sUtra 2-39) paN kAy (-bahupradeshI) nathI (sUtra 1).
1. ‘jIv’ ek pad chhe ane tethI te jagatanI koI vastune-padArthane sUchave chhe, mATe te shun chhe e ApaNe vichArIe. e vichAravAmAn ApaNe ek manuShyanun udAharaN laIe; jethI vichAravAmAn sugamatA paDe.
2. ek manuShyane ApaNe joyo. tyAn sarva pratham ApaNI draShTi tenA sharIr upar paDashe, tathA te manuShya gnAnasahit padArtha paN chhe em jaNAshe. sharIr chhe em nakkI karavAmAn Avyun te indriyadvArA nakkI thayun paN te manuShyane gnAn chhe em je nakkI karyun te indriyadvArA nakkI karyun nathI; kemake arUpI gnAn indriyagamya nathI, paN te manuShyanA _________________________________________________________________