38 ] [ puruShArthasiddhiupAy
pramAN nAm samyaggnAnanun chhe. te pratyakSha ane parokShanA bhedathI be prakAre chhe. tyAn pratyakShanA be bhed chhe. je gnAn kevaL AtmAne ja AdhIn thaI jeTalo potAno viShay chhe tene vishadatAthI spaShTa jANe tene pAramArthik pratyakSha kahIe. tenA paN be bhed chhe. avidhagnAn, manaparyayagnAn to ekadesh pratyakSha chhe, kevaLagnAn sarvapratyakSha chhe vaLI je netrAdi Indriyo dvArA varNAdikane sAkShAt grahaN kare arthAt jANe tene sAmvyavahArik pratyakSha kahIe. paramArthathI A jANavun parokSha ja chhe, kAraN ke spaShTa jANapaNun nathI. tenun udAharaNa– jem Ankh vaDe koI vastune saphed jANI, temAn malinatAnun paN mishraN chhe. amuk ansh shvet chhe ane amuk malin chhe em Ane spaShTa pratibhAsatun nathI tethI ene vyavahAramAtra pratyakSha chhe parantu AchArya parokSha ja kahe chhe. matignAn, shrutagnAnathI je jANavun thAy te badhun parokSha nAm pAme chhe.
parokSha pramAN– je gnAn potAnA viShayane spaShTa na jANe tene parokSha pramAN kahIe. tenA pAnch bhed chhe. 1. smRuti, 2. pratyabhignAn, 3. tarka, 4.anumAn, pa. Agam. A pAnch bhed jANavA.
1. smRuti– pUrve je padArthane jANyo hato tene yAd karIne kALAntaramAn je jANIe tene smRuti kahIe chhIe.
2. pratyabhignAn– jem pahelAn koI puruShane joyo hato pachhI tene yAd karyo ke A te ja puruSh chhe jene men pahelAn joyo hato. je pahelAnI vAt yAd karIne pratyakSha padArthano nishchay karavAmAn Ave tene pratyabhignAn kahIe chhIe. jem pahelAn em sAmbhaLyun hatun ke rojh nAmanun jAnavar (pashu) gAy jevun hoy chhe. tyAn kadAch vanamAn rojhane joyun tyAre e vAt yAd karI ke gAy jevun rojh hoy chhe em sAmbhaLyun hatun te rojh jAnavar A ja chhe.
3. tarka– vyAptinA gnAnane tarka kahIe chhIe. ‘AnA vinA te nahi’ ene vyApti kahIe. jem agni vinA dhUmADo na hoy, AtmA vinA chetanA na hoy. A vyAptinA gnAnane tarka kahIe.
4. anumAn–lakShaNavaDe padArthano nishchay karIe tene anumAn kahIe chhIe. jem koI parvatamAnthI dhUmADo nIkaLato dekhI nishchay karavo ke ahIn agni chhe.
pa. Agam– AptanAn vachananA nimitte padArthane jANavo tene Agam kahIe